The morphology and distribution of arginine vasopressin-(AVP) and oxytocin (OT)-positive cells in rat hypothalamus were observed systematically with immu-nohistochemical method. The results show that the AVP-positive cells were concentrated mostly in the ventral region of principal division of supraoptic nucleus (SON), the lateral subnucleus of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus while the OT-positive cells were found mainly in the dorsal region of principal division of SON, the anterior commissural nucleus, the medial and posterior subnucleus of PVN and the peripheral part of lateral subnucleus of PVN.In the preoptic region, more OT-positive cells were observed abutting the ependyma of the third ventricle.Both AVP-and OT-positive cells were found in the circular nucleus, the fornical nucleus, the nucleus of medial forebrain bundle, the tuberal division of SON and the ependyma of the third ventricle, but no obvious difference in number and distribution was seen between these two kinds of cells.

Cell bodies of the hypothalamus which project to various subdivisions of theparamedian midbrain were studied in the rat with the method of retrograde axonaltransport of HRP.After small amount of HRP was delivered electrophoreticallyinto the dorsolateral part of the central grey substance,the HRP-labelled cells werefound in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus,the ventromedial nucleus,the dorsome-dial nucleus,the dorsal premammillary nucleus,the ventral premammillary nucleus,the medial mammilary nucleus and the lateral mammillary nucleus,mainly in theipsilateral side.Following introduction of the enzyme into the ventral part ofcentral grey substance,there were HRP-labelled cells in the ipsilateral preoptic area,the lateral area of anterior hypothalamus(dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus),thelateral area of tuberal part,the ventromedial nucleus,the dorsomedial nucleus andthe dorsal premammillary nucleus.By introducing the HRP into the medial part oftegmentum,the HRP-labelled cells were observed in the preoptic area,the lateralarea of anterior hypothalamus,the ventromedial nucleus,the dorsomedial nucleus,the dorsal premammillary nucleus,the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateralmammillary nucleus.

Eighteen patients with hemangioma of alimentary tract were treated in our hospital from 1980 to 1994 There were 11 males and 7 females,with average age of 48?18 years (ranged from 19 to 76 years) Of them,14 patients were treated with operation,2 with hemangioma of rectum were treated with ligation with snare.All of the 16 patients were cured. The etiology,pathology,diagnosis and management are discussed in this paper The experiences of finding small hemangiomas of jejunum and ileum during operation are also introduced in the paper

Objective To explore the addictive tendency of internet and its influence factors among adolescents in Longhua District of Shenzhen. Methods A total of 6552 Students were selected from Longhua District of Shenzhen us?ing randomly stratified cluster sampling method. They were inquired about their gender, grade, family type, behaviors of surfing internet, risk behaviors, and internet addiction tendency with a self-report structured questionnaire and the adoles?cent pathological internet use scale (APIUS). Results The prevalence of addictive tendency of internet was 9.0%(590/6552) among adolescents in Longhua District of Shenzhen. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the addic?tive tendency of internet was significantly and positively associated with male (OR=1.32, P<0.05), living in Minzhi area (OR=1.66, P<0.01), secondary school stage (OR=1.62, P<0.01), uncomplete family type (OR=1.49, P<0.01), surfing in cy?bercafé frequently (OR=2.00, P<0.01), compared with surfing 0~2 h/d, surfing 2~4 h/d (OR=1.92,P<0.01), 4~5 h/d (OR=2.97, P<0.01) or more than 6 h/d (OR=4.90, P<0.01), playing games (OR=3.27, P<0.01), chatting (OR=2.80, P<0.01) or having other kinds of entertaining (OR=2.80, P<0.01), and having risky behaviors (OR=2.39, P<0.01). Conclusion The addictive tendency of internet is affected by multiple factors among adolescents in Longhua District of Shenzhen. There?fore, comprehensive intervention measures shall be used to regulate adolescents habits of using internet and prevent them from the internet addiction.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of tibial nerve short-latency somatosensory evoked potential( SLSEP)and F wave in proximal diabetic neuropathy.Methods Excluding stroke,waist cervical vertebra sickness and nerve-muscle diseases caused by other diseases,there were clinical signs of neuropathy but normal nerve conduction EMG(Ⅰ group)32 cases,there weren't clinical signs of neuropathy normal nerve conduction EMG(Ⅱ group)30 cases and abnormal nerve conduction EMG(Ⅲgroup)30 cases.Tibial nerve SLSEP and F wave were measured in 92 patients and 30 normal persons.Results The highest whole abnormality rate of tibial nerve SLSEP's and F wave's all parameters was the sub-group (there were neuropathy symptom lower limbs n=43)of Ⅰ group(97.7% (42/43)).In Ⅰ group Fdur,NI3CV,N24CV, N13-N24CV,N9-N24CV were significantly different from the control group (q value:5.887 and 6.780,-4.568 and-5.062,-6.799 and -6.905,-5.978 and -5.609,-5.433 and -5.190, P＜0.01);The abnormality rate of Fdur and N13-N24CV (25.0%(15/60),23.3% (14/60))in Ⅱgroup were significantly different from the control group (0,1.7%(1/60))also (x2=17.143,12.876, both P=0.0050).In Ⅲ group,except for N9-N24CV,N13 and N24 wave amplitude other parameters'abnormality rates were significantly different from the control group,and the abnormality rate of N9CV was the highest (76.7%(46/60)).Conclusion(1)SLSEP can provide information of proximal sensory nerve segment.(2)SLSEP and F wave can improve the diagnosis rate of proximal diabetic neuropathy,and the diagnostic value is particularly significant to the diabetes patients who have clinical signs of neuropathy but normal nerve conduction EMG.

Objective To establish a method of quick three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pubic symphysis based on magnetic resonance imaging. Methods The pelvis images of adult male were generated on a 3.0 T scanner using a T1 Gradient Echo FLASH-3D (T1- FL3D) sequence and imported the images into medical image control system. Segmentation of binaryzation threshold was conducted and pelvic soft tissue image was extracted by regional growth, 3D structure model of pubic symphysis was obtained by Boolean operation. The 3D structure model of pubic symphysis was established by the noise reduction of reverse engineering software. And compared with the 3D reconstruction model pubic bone CT scan. Results The morphological characters of the MRI pubic symphysis 3D model, such as the ridges and furrows on the symphysial surface, lower extremity, dorsal margin (beveling), margin (beveling) and pubic tubercle, were highly consistent with the morphological characters of the 3D model established by CT scan. Conclusion MRI scan can be used to reconstruct the 3D structure of pubic symphysis quickly and effectively, and it can provide a safe radiation-free 3D visualization imaging technique for forensic age estimation for the living.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis, and surgical resection is the preferred method for the treatment of HCC, but it has a limited therapeutic effect on advanced HCC, while systemic treatment plays an important role in the treatment of advanced unresectable HCC. This article summarizes the advances in systemic therapy for unresectable liver cancer in China and globally in recent years, including a variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and cabozantinib) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab). The analysis shows that for patients with unresectable HCC, systemic therapy can prolong the survival time of patients to a certain extent, and combined treatment regimen has become a new research hotspot. Individualized systemic treatment strategies will be further explored in the future.

Objective:To explore the value of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery with the patient lying on supine position under general anesthesia in the operation of type I Mirizzi syndrome with choledocholithiasis.Methods:From Jan 2018 to Jan 2020, 53 cases of Mirizzi syndrome with choledocholithiasis undergoing laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (preLC+ ERCP+ EST) at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.Results:53 patients successfully underwent LC without conversion to open surgery, and 2 patients failed in ERCP + EST attempt, with a success rate of 96.2%. One patient developed pancreas pseudocyst as a result of post-operative hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis. Two patients suffered from chronic pancreatitis. Three patients complaining postoperative upper abdominal discomfort were finally diagnosed as stump cystic duct inflammation by MRCP, and no abnormalities were found in the follow-up of the remaining cases.Conclusion:Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery in the treatment of patients with type I Mirizzi syndrome combined with choledocholithiasis is minimally invasive and effective.