Objective: To investigate the effects of adrenaline on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine for interscalene plexus block. Method:Sixteen ASA gradeⅠ-Ⅱadult patients undergoing shoulder or upper limbs operation were randomly divided into two groups (n=8)). The plexus block was induced with 0.75％ bupivacaine 2 mg/kg or 0.75％ bupivacaine 2mg/kg plus 1:200 000 adrenaline. Clinical effects and plasma concentration,the Cmax and Tmax were compared between two groups. Result:The time to reach peak analgesia and the duration of analgesia were longer in adrenaline group than in control group(P

OBJECTIVETo improve the method of indirubin in serum by HPLC and apply to pharmacokinetics in rats.

METHODChromatographic separation was conducted on an C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), using a mixture of methanol-water (75:25) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) with UV detection at 289 nm, the column temperature was at 35 degrees C and ethinyl estradiol was used as an internal standard. Rats were administered i. v. bolus of indirubin in doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg x kg(-1) through a jugular vein catheter, respectively. Serial blood samples (about 100 microL) were individually collected at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration, and the concentrations of indirubin determined were in rat serum by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with the Winnonlin 5.0 software.

RESULTThe calibration curve for indirubin was linear ( R2 = 0.9996) in the range of 0.031-2.48 mg x L(-1) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 31 microg x L(-1). The average recovery of indirubin in rat serum was more than 98% and the relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day were both less than 10%. The pharmacokinetics of Indirubin in rats was fitted to two-compartment model.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate with a high sensitivity and a good repeatability, and it can be applied to the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of indirubin in rats and blood concentration of indirubin in clinical controlling.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Indoles ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective:To analyze the clinical features, postoperative recurrence and prognostic factors of young patients with cervical cancer.Methods:The clinical data of hospitalized cervical cancer patients in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2004 to March 2019 were retrospectively studied. 243 young cervical cancer patients ≤35 years old were selected as the study group. The method of case-control study was adopted. In the same period, 250 first and second cervical cancer patients aged >35 years were randomly selected as the control group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the survival curves of the two groups were analyzed. The clinical data of patients with postoperative recurrence (17 cases) and patients without recurrence (164 cases) in the study group were compared, and the related data affecting the prognosis of young cervical cancer patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Statistical data were compared by χ 2 test or exact probability method. Kaplan-meier method was used to estimate survival rate and draw survival curve. Survival rate was compared by Long-Rank test. COX regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results:Compared with the control group, the young cervical cancer patients had earlier age of marriage, menstruate, fewer pregnancies, no preoperative adjuvant therapy, more nerve infiltration and ovarian preservation, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 values were 94.58, 67.54, 60.53, 5.44, 13.64, 5.51, and 118.24, respectively; P values were <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, 0.022, <0.001, respectively). The proportion of irregular vaginal bleeding in study group (13.17%(32/243)) was lower than that in control group (30.40%(76/250)), and the proportion of contact vaginal bleeding (52.26%(127/243)) was higher than that in control group (43.20%(108/250)). There were significant differences between the two groups (χ 2 values were 21.39 and 4.06, respectively; P values were < 0.001 and 0.044, respectively). There was no significant difference in Kaplan-Meier survival rate between the study group and the control group (χ 2=0.03, P=0.859). Univariate analysis showed that the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO), whether to retain ovary, depth of cervical invasion, nerve invasion, lymphatic vascular space invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis were the influencing factors of 5-year survival rate of young cervical cancer patients ( P values were 0.016, 0.008, 0.014, 0.017, 0.004, <0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed FIGO staging ( OR=2.073, 95% CI: 1.017-4.228, P=0.045), lymphatic vascular space infiltration ( OR=0.041, 95% CI: 0.005-0.341, P=0.019) and pelvic lymph node metastasis ( OR=0.027, 95% CI: 0.004-0.197, P<0.001) were risk factors affecting the prognosis of young cervical cancer. The patients with low FIGO stage, no lymphatic vascular space infiltration and pelvic lymph node metastasis have a good prognosis. Conclusion In young patients with cervical cancer, the first clinical feature is mainly contact vaginal bleeding. The prognosis of young patients with cervical cancer and 5 years survival rate there was no statistically significant difference compared with control group. The later FIGO staging , no ovarinan retention and the deeper cervical infiltration depth , with the nerve or between lymphatic vascular invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis in young patients with cervical cancer had poor prognosis, and FIGO stage, lymphatic vessel space invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis were the most significant factors.