Objective To study the relationship between the retinal arteriosclerosis prevalence and related factors in in-service teachers from 3 universities. Methods The medical report of in-service teachers from 3 universities from July to October, 2012 were analyzed. Results and Conclusion 2680 cases were included, in which 520 cases (19.4%) were diagnosed as retinal arteriosclerosis. Retinal arteriosclerosis prevalence increased with age and cardiovascular risk factors. In the multi-factor logistic regression analysis, gender, age, hypertension,hyperlipidemia, impaired fasting glucose regulation, diabetes, hyperuricemia are independent risk factors for retinal arteriosclerosis

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 combined with ciclosporin in treatment of giucocorticoid invalid idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.MethodsFrom August 2009 to August 2011,35 cases with glucocorticoid invalid idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment method:13 cases in control group were treated with ciclosporin and 22 cases in observation group were treated with recombinant human interleukin-11 at basis of above method.The clinical effect and platelet counts between two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate in observation group was 90.9％ (20/22),which was significantly higher than that in control group [53.8％ (7/13)] (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the platelet counts in both two groups were significantly increased [control group:( 112.5 ± 15.4) × 109/t vs.(13.2 ± 1.8 ) × 109/L; observation group:( 132.7 ± 22.3 ) × 109/L vs.(12.9 ± 1.6) × 109/L] (P ＜ 0.05 ).Moreover,the platelet counts after treatment in observation group was significantly more than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionRecombinant human interleukin-11combined with ciclosporin in treatment of glucocorticoid invalid idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a good treatment scheme,which can be applied in clinic.

Objective To observe the effects of hedysari polysaccharide (HPS) on myocardial fibrosis and the expression of MMP-2/TIMP-2 in model mice of diabetic cardiomyopathy; To discuss the mechanism of action of prevention and treatment of myocardial fibrosis in diabetes.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into model group, rosiglitazone group and HPS high-, mediume- and low-dose groups. The normal group was 12 non-transgenic male BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/JNjumice with the same age. Each group was given relevant medicine for gavage, for 8 weeks. Blood glucose of mice before and after medication 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks was detected. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in myocardium were measured by Masson staining. The protein expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in myocardium were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group, the blood glucose of HPS (high- and medium dose) groups and rosiglitazone group decreased significantly. Masson staining showed that the green fibers in the model group significantly increased and rosiglitazone group and HPS high-dose group decreased compared with the model group. Western blot showed that the expressions of MMP-2 in model group and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio were declined significantly, while the expression of MMP-2 was increased and TIMP-2 was decreased significantly, and the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 increased in rosiglitazone group and HPS high- and medium-dose group.Conclusion HPS may reduce the degree of myocardial fibrosis in model mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. The therapeutic effect of HPS may be to relieve myocardial fibrosis in model mice by increasing the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2.

Objective To investigate the influence of hedysaryum polysaccharide (HPS)in the kidney function and expressions of Glut-1 mRNA and protein in kidney tissue of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN)and to elucidate its possible action mechanism.Methods 10 db/m mice were taken as normal control group(n=10);50 fueling animal model db/db mice with DN were randomly divided into model group,enalapril group and the low, middle and high doses of HPS groups(n=10).The mice in noral control group and model group were given physioloical saline by gavege;and the mice in the other groups were respectively given 10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 enalapril, 100,200 and 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 HPS by gavage;lasted 8 weeks.Picric acid method was used to determine the serum creatinine(SCr)level of the mice,enzyme coupling rate method was used to determine the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level,ELISA method was used to determine the urinary microalbumin(UMALB)level,RT-PCR method was performed to detect the expression of Glut-1 mRNA, and Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of Glut-1 protein.Results Compared with model group,the levels of SCr, BUN, UMALB, the mRNA and protein of Glut-1 expressions were decreased, especially in 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 HPS and enalapril groups(P<0.01).The HE and Masson staining results showed that less inflammatory cells infiltration in glomerular of the mice were found, capillary lumens were unobstructed, and the collagen deposition was not obvious in 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 group.Conclusion HPS could improve the kidney function of the db/db mice and inhibit the Glut-1 mRNA and protein expressions obviously, which indicates that HPS could delay the development of DN by inhibiting the Glut-1 expression in the glomerular mesangial cell membrane.

Objective To observe the effects of Hedysari Polysaccharide (HPS) on the expressions of TSP-1 and PDGF-B in the retina of diabetic rats;To discuss the protective effect and possible mechanism on diabetic retinopathy. Methods The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. 50 male SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:model group, calcium dobesilate group, and HPS high-, medium-, and low-dose group, extra 10 rats were set as the normal group, 10 rats in each group. Each administration group was given relevant medicine for gavage, while model group and normal control group were given same amount NS for gavage, once a day for 8 weeks. The mRNA and protein expression of TSP-1 and PDGF-B were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The retinal structure was observed by HE staining. Results HE staining showed that each layer of the retina of the model group was clear and complete, but the outer nucleus layer became looser, thinner and more disorderly, and the number of ganglion cells decreased slightly; the administration groups were improved markedly compared with the model group. Compared with the normal control group, the mRNA level and protein expression of retina TSP-1 on the model group dramatically dropped (P<0.01), and those of PDGF-B strikingly increased (P<0.01);Compared with the model group, the mRNA level and protein expression of retina TSP-1 on alladministration groups rose (P<0.05, P<0.01), and those of PDGF-B went down (P<0.01); Compared with all other administration groups, there was statistical significance in the mRNA level and protein expression of retina TSP-1 and PDGF-B on HPS high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion HPS may prevent the angiogenesis and proliferation in diabetic retinopathy process through adjusting the content of TSP-1 and PDGF-B in retina of diabetic rats so as to protect the retina.

Objective To investigate the influence of hedysarum polybotrys polysacchcaide (HPS)on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 )and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)as well as its kidney-protective mechanism in early diabetic nephropathy (DN)db /db mice.Methods 60 male mice at SPF 6 were used for this study.The above 50 db /db mice were divided into 5 groups (n =10 in each group)by using the random number table method:high-dose,mid-dose and low-dose HPS group (200,100,50 mg/kg,ig),telmisartan group (5 mg/kg,ig),and model group (distilled water of the same volume,ig).The remaining 10 db /m mice in the normal control group received equal vol-ume of distilled water via intragastric administration for 8 weeks.For mice in all groups,blood glucose levels were measured before the experiment and once every two weeks after intervention.24h urine was collected at the end of week 4 and 8 to measure urinary albumin levels by using ELISA method.Blood samples were drawn from the eyeball veins to measure the levels of serum creatinine (Scr)and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).Rat kidney tissue was dissected after sacrifice of these mice.Left kidney underwent HE staining to observe pathological changes in the renal cortex while the right kidney was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA and protein by using RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results Compared with the normal control group,blood glucose,Scr,BUN and 24 h urinary albumin levels in-creased significantly (P <0.01)in the model group;glomerular hypertrophy,mesangial widening,and capillary basement membrane thickening were observed.Expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA and protein were significantly increased (P <0.01).Compared with the model group,blood glucose,Scr, BUN and 24 h urinary albumin levels decreased significantly (P <0.05)in all treatment groups except the low-dose HPS group (P >0.05);glomerular hypertrophy,mesangial widening and capillary base-ment membrane thickening presented with different degrees of improvement;expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA and protein significantly decreased (P <0.01);curative effect of the mid-dose HPS group was superior to that of the telmisartan group.Conclusion HPS could prevent early diabetic nephropathy (DN)in db /db mice;its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA ex-pression level in the kidney.

Objective To explore the effect of hedysarum polybotrys polysacchcaide (HPS)on myocar-dial fibrosis of db /db mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)by taking TGF-β1 /Smads signaling pathway as the index.Methods Altogether 60 six-week-old male db /db mice were randomly divided in-to five groups:HPS high-,mid-,low-dose group,rosiglitazone group and model group,additional 12 non transgenic db /m male mice with the same background were assigned into the normal group.The mice ex-cept for those of the normal group were intragatrically administered (i.g.)corresponding medicines for consecutive 8 weeks.Before treatment and every two weeks during the period of i.g.drugs,the body weight and blood glucose were detected.At the end of Week 8,HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of left ventricular myocardial fibers,Masson staining was used to observe the degree of left ventricular myocardial collagen fibrosis,and Western blot,RT-PCR were used to measure the pro-tein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2,Smad3 in cardiac muscle tissue.Results Eight weeks after treatment,the blood glucose of rats in HPS high-,mid-dose group,and rosiglitazone group decreased significantly compared with model group (P <0.05).The sections of HE staining showed that the model rats’myocardial cells structure became unclear and some of them were swollen and deformed obviously,even the nucleus disappeared.The sections of Masson staining showed that bright green colla-gen fibers were heaped up between myocardial cells and around blood vessels of the model rats.The pro-tein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 ,Smad2 and Smad3 had no significant difference between model group and HPS low-dose group (P >0.05),but the other groups decreased significantly compared with the model group (P <0.05),especially the HPS high-dose group or rosiglitazone group was superior to mid-dose group (P <0.05).Conclusion The effect of HPS against myocardial fibrosis in db /db mice with DCMto slow down the progression of DCMwas proved,and its potential mechanism may be related to inhibitation of TGF-β1 /Smads signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the enrollment scale and distribution of Master's Degree in Pediatrics programs in China, and to provide a reference for promoting pediatric education and disciplinary development.Methods:Data on colleges and universities authorized to award Master's Degree in Pediatrics in 2023 were collected, sorted, and analyzed for the number, structure, distribution, and enrollment scale and direction of these institutions using descriptive statistics.Results:Among the 117 clinical medicine academic master's degree programs in China, 72 enroll pediatric academic master's degree candidates, with an enrollment of 260 students. Among the 120 master's degree programs in clinical medicine, 104 enroll professional master's degree candidates, enrolling 1 195 students. Enrollment is mainly concentrated in East China, "non-double first-class" colleges and universities, medical colleges and universities with subject level B, and enrollment is carried out in the direction of secondary disciplines.Conclusions:The number of colleges and universities authorized to award Master's Degree in Pediatrics was small, and the distribution of these colleges and universities was unbalanced. The enrollment scale was small and the orientation of Professional Master's Degree was not reasonable. Some colleges and universities were authorized to award Master's Degree in Pediatrics, but did not enroll any students. It is suggested to increase the number of colleges and universities authorized to award Master's Degree in Pediatrics and strengthen the staffing of pediatric departments. The aim is to expand the enrollment scale of candidates for Master's Degree in Pediatrics, improving the differential training of candidates for Academic Master's Degree and Professional Master's Degree, and attach importance to the construction of pediatrics.

2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) outbreak is one of the public health emergency of international concern.Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak, China has been adopting strict prevention and control measures, and has achieved remarkable results in the initial stage of prevention and control.However, some imported cases and sporadic regional cases have been found, and even short-term regional epidemics have occurred, indicating that the preventing and control against the epidemic remains grim.With the change of the incidence proportion and the number of cases in children under 18 years old, some new special symptoms and complications have appeared in children patients.In addition, with the occurrence of virus mutation, it has not only attracted attention from all parties, but also proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children of China.Based on the second edition, the present consensus further summarizes the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion. As the disease progresses， patients begin to suffer from diabetic nephropathy， diabetic cardiomyopathy， non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or other complications， which increase the burden on the patients. Moreover， the number of patients is increasing， which brings a heavy burden to the society. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death which has attracted wide attention in recent years. It refers to the cell death caused by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxide under the overload of iron ions. Studies have discovered that ferroptosis exists in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Inhibiting ferroptosis can greatly slow down the occurrence and progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Chinese medicine， the unique medical treasure in China， acts in a multi-pathway， multi-target manner and is praised for the cheap price， low toxicity， and mild side effects. It has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications and has demonstrated definite therapeutic effects， bringing the good news for the majority of patients. The regulation of ferroptosis by Chinese medicine may be a new direction for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the future. This paper briefly describes the mechanism of ferroptosis， explores the relationship of ferroptosis with diabetes mellitus and its complications， summarizes the research status of Chinese medicine interventions， and puts forward suggestions， aiming to provide a reference for further research on the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications with Chinese medicine.