BACKGROUND: Myogenic regulatory factors Myf-5 is an importance gene involved in muscle occurrence process to adjust and control, start and maintain the skeleton muscle cell growth. It has a possible relation with denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of Myf-5 gene in different skeletal muscle sitas and different periods following denervatad skeletal muscle atrophy.DESIGN, TIME AND SE'I-rlNG: Randomized control animal experiment was performed in the Shanxi Medical University between March and April in 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 24 Sprague-Dudley male rats was selected and divided randomly into four groups, with six in each, Le. sham operated group (innervations), denervated 2 d group, denarvated 7 d group and denervatad 28 d group. METHODS: Sham operations were made only for the rats in the sham operated group and sciatic nerve were not cut off. Sciatic nerves were cut off more than one centimeter at the mid-level of their right lower limb for the rats in denervated groups. The rats were executed by vertebrae dislocation method at 2, 7, 28 days after denervation. The skeletal muscles of the right lower limb (tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius and plantar) were dissected and dissociated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Myf-5 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical stain (ABC method) with polyclonal antibody against Myf-5 protein was performed and the gray value was counted.RESULTS: Expressions of Myf-5 mRNA in denervatad skeletal muscle were up-regulated at 2, 7, 28 days in the eady stage of denervation (P < 0.05). The number of Myf-5 antibody positive-stained cell nuclei was the most in satellite cells at 28 days following denervation. CONCLUSION: At the early stage of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy in SD rats, expressions of Myf-5 in different skeletal muscles are all up-regulated. Denervation of rat skeletal muscle raises the Myf-5 expression in satellites cells.

BACKGROUND: MyoD expression of skeletal muscle of rats increases distinctly in the earlier period of denervation, which can greatly postpone denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. The clinical test testifies that electrical stimulation is an effective method to cure denervated muscle atrophy. But the influence of electrical stimulation on MyoD expression during denervated muscle atrophy is still unproved. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the influences of electrical stimulation on the gene expression of MyoD of skeletal muscle of rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized control animal experiment was performed in the Animal Experimental Center of Shanxi Medical University between July and November in 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 36 healthy Sprague-Duwley rats of either gender were divided randomly into three groups, control group, denervation group and electrical stimulation group. Each group contained 12 rats. METHODS: Standard models of right sciatic nerve dissociation and gastrocnemius denervation were established in right limb of each rat in denervation group and electrical stimulation group. Thirty-minute electrical stimulation was given to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle of each rat of electrical stimulation group once a day. The rats were executed at 2, 7, 14, 28 days after denervation to dissect and dissociate their gastrocnemius muscles of the right lower limbs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MyoD mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and MyoD protein level by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of MyoD mRNA and MyoD protein level in specimens of denervation group and electrical stimulation group were up-regulated at 2, 7, 14, 28 days after denervation, with significant differences compared with blank control group (P

s and no restenosis was found in 3 patients according to cerebral angiography. Preliminary results show that PTAS in the management of the vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis is a safe and effective method.

Objective To investigate the value of low-pressure laparoscopic technique for appendicitis surgery during early and mid-term pregnancy.Methods The clinical data of 13 pregnant women underwent low-pressure laparoscopic appendectomy from July 2007 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the 13 cases were performed laparoscopic appendectomy successfully without laparotomy and cured completely before discharged from hospital No intestinal fistula,wound infection,abortion and other complications occurred.During follow-up,9 cases of full-term pregnancy patients gave birth to healthy babies,and there was no abortion and premature delivery on 4 patients still in their pregnancy.Conclusion For women at early or mid-term pregnancy with acute appendicitis,low-pressure laparoscopic appendectomy could reduce the stimulus of surgical operation on uterus and decrease the risk of abortion.

Objective To analyze the cognitive changes and influencing factors in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction after carotid artery intervention therapy. Methods Sixty lacunar cerebral infarction combined with carotid stenosis patients treated with artery intervention therapy (intervention therapy group) and 68 lacunar cerebral infarction without carotid stenosis patients treated with drug therapy (drug therapy group) were selected. The neuropsychological test was completed at entry and 1, 6, 12 months after entry, and the results were compared with 60 healthy controls (control group). The cognitive changes were observed. The neuropsychological test included mini mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) and cognitive field test. Results There were statistical differences in other scores except the Stroop test C section and Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS-RC) picture arrangement subtest at entry in intervention therapy group and drug therapy group compared with control group (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the all scores at entry between drug therapy group and intervention therapy group (P>0.05). In intervention therapy group, the MMSE scores, MoCA total score, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCFT), auditory verb learning test (AVLT), and the WAIS-RC picture arrangement subtest, verbal fluency test, WAIS-RC digit span backwards subtest of performing function 12 months after entry were significantly better than those at entry, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). MMSE score, MoCA total score, long-time delayed recall of ROCFT, the immediate recall, long-time delayed recall and short delayed recall of AVLT, semantic category fluency test of performing function and digit span backwards subtest of WAIS-RC 6 months after entry were significantly better than those at entry:(27.8 ± 2.2) scores vs. (26.4 ± 1.9) scores, (20.7 ± 2.3) scores vs. (19.3 ± 2.0) scores, (12.4 ± 3.2) scores vs. (10.8 ± 2.6) scores, (54.3 ± 10.6) scores vs. (49.9 ± 10.9) scores, (12.4 ± 2.0) scores vs. (11.2 ± 2.8) scores, (12.9 ± 2.0) scores vs. (10.6 ± 2.6) scores, (17.5 ± 4.0) scores vs. (15.4 ± 3.4) scores and (4.0 ± 0.9) scores vs. (3.5 ± 0.9) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). In drug therapy group, there were no statistical differences in the all scores 1 and 6 months after entry, compared with that at entry (P>0.05);the MMSE score, MoCA total score, ROCFT, the immediate recall, long-time delayed recall and short delayed recall of AVLT, WAIS-RC picture arrangement subtest, verbal fluency test, WAIS-RC digit span backwards subtest of performing function and digit span backwards subtest of WAIS-RC 12 months after entry were significantly better than those at entry, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in all scores 12 months after entry between intervention therapy group and drug therapy group (P>0.05). In patients intervention therapy group, Logistic regression analysis showed that the MoCA score was related with age, hypertension and low education level (P<0.01 or<0.05), but was not related with smoking, diabetes and interventional treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction and carotid stenosis is severe and extensive, but most cognition disorders can improve to normal level 12 months after artery intervention therapy.

Objective Respectively applying the treatment of biventricular pacing and right ventricular septal pacing in atrioventricular block,to compare the heart function influence of two kinds of pacing mode on pacemaker dependent patients, to provide evidence for the physiological pacing mode selection?Methods Enrolled 20 patients from January 2012 to March 2013 who should be placed in pacemakers, their primary disease was the second degree,high or third degree atrioventricular block,giving them three chamber pacemaker ( right atrial + biventricular ) each?Randomly divided into right ventricular septum pacing group ( group A, n=10) and biventricular pacing group( group B,n=10)?Twelve months later,each group crossed into the each other group and continued following?up for 12 months?After 24 months to obtain all the data to do the statistical analysis,including patients'6 min walking distance(6MWD),the Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of life score (MLHFQ),plasma N?terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide precursor(NT?proBNP),left ventricular ejection ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular diastolic end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular contraction end diastolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular twelve segmental 14W time standard deviation(Ts?12SD),left ventricular twelve segmental 14W time maximum delay(Ts?dif),the paced QRS qrsd?Results Compared with group B,the 6MWD and LVEF of 12,24 months after treatment of group A were significantly increased( ( 242?58 ±37?56) m vs?(347?42±36?59) m vs?(340?67±24?99) m;(39?97±5?84)% vs?(57?92±10?01)% vs?(60?50±10?06)%;P<0?05),QRSd and NT?proBN were significantly decreased((139?25±10?43) ms vs?(114?25±10?07) ms vs?(110?83±11?08) ms) ms;( 2 857?84±236?48) ng/L vs?( 2 144?26±301?43) ng/L vs? (2 025?91±307?42) ng/L;P<0?05)?Compared with before treatment,at 12 and 24 months after treatment,6MWD in group B was significantly increased(228?17+38?06) m,(329?33+46?28) m,(350?67+35?43) m, LVEF was significantly increased ( ( 40?25+11?24 )% vs? ( 59?50+9?14 )% vs? ( 60?17+10?29)%),QRSd significantly narrowed((142?42+10?66) ms vs?(118?58+994) ms vs?(116?25+10?59) ms) and NT proBNP levels significantly reduced((2 848?25+318?65) ng/L vs?(2 144?26+301?43) ng/L vs?( 2 025?91+30?742) ng/L) were,the difference had statistical significance ( P<0?05)?There was no significant difference on the different time between the groups ( P=0?05)?Comparisons between A and B group at the same treatment time,these indexes of detections were no statistical significance(P>0?05)?Conclusion Compared with the right septal pacing,biventricular pacing is of no significant advantages on the effect of cardiac function for patients with pacemaker dependent.

BACKGROUNDTo explore the characteristics and clinical significance of diffusing capacity in the patients with lung cancer.

METHODSThe pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was measured with the rebreathing method in 138 patients with primary lung cancer, and 86 were performed pulmonary resection.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in DLCOrb and DLCOrbc between the groups with different histological type and degree of ventilation impairment and general type (P > 0.05). DLCOrb/VA mildly decreased in the patients whose lung ventilation function was normal. DLCOc/VA decreased in the patients with restrictive ventilation dysfunction (P < 0.01), and DLCOrb/VA decreased in the patients with obstructive and mixed ventilation dysfuncion (P < 0.05). DLCOc/VA decreased in the patients with light and obvious lung dysfunction (P < 0.05). DLCOc/VA in the patients with central lung cancer was lower than that in the peripheral ones (P < 0.01). DLCOc/VA and D LCOrb in the group with postoperative respiratory failure were lower than that in the group without respiratory failure (P < 0.05). When DLCOc/VA of less than 80% and DLCOrb/VA of less than 70% were used to predict the postoperative respiratory failure, the correct ratios of dignosis and the diagnostic indexes were high.

CONCLUSIONSThe diffusing capacity decreases in the patients with lung cancer, and the main manifestation is the abnormal DLCOrb/VA and DLCOc/VA. The general type of lung cancer and the degree of pulmonary dysfunction may influence the diffusing function of the patients. DLCOc/VA of less than 80% and DLCOrb/VA of less than 70% should be selected for predicting postoperative respiratory failure.

Background Multimorbidity imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. There are relatively few studies exploring patterns of multimorbidity among middle-aged adults in China. Objective To explore the current status of multimorbidity, associated risk factors, and multimorbidity patterns among adults aged 45-64 years in China, so as to provide a scientific basis to prevent and control multimorbidity in China. Methods A total of 5494 adults aged 45-64 years from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2018 were selected. Of these, 2494 (45.39%) were men and 3000 (54.61%) were women. The nine diseases included were hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), myocardial infarction, stroke, asthma, and tumor. The prevalence of each disease or multimorbidity was expressed as N (%). Comparisons of multimorbidity prevalence between different groups were performed using the χ² test or Cochran-Armitage trend test. Association rule with the Apriori algorithm was used to explore the pattern of multimorbidity, with parameters set at a minimum conditional support of 3.00%, a minimum rule confidence of 50.00%, and a lift of >1.20. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between selected risk factors and multimorbidity. Results In 2018, 37.44% of participants reported multimorbidity in 15 provinces of China. The prevalence of diseases in descending order was dyslipidaemia (39.99%), hypertension (39.48%), obesity (16.42%), MCI (14.47%), diabetes (14.16%), tumor (1.09%), stroke (1.04%), myocardial infarction (0.71%), and asthma (0.64%). A total of seven multimorbidity patterns were identified in this group. Obesity paired with hypertension, and diabetes paired with dyslipidemia were the two major patterns of multimorbidity in the general population and age or sex subgroups. The multimorbidity patterns of different populations were concentrated in the combination of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The risk of multimorbidity was lower in females than in males (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.75, 0.97). The multimorbidity risk was 1.56 times higher in the 55-64 years group than in the 45-54 years group (OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.40, 1.75). Drinking in the past year increased the risk of multimorbidity by 25% (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.45) compared to no alcohol comsumption in the past year. High and medium levels of physical activity were associated with a decreased OR (high: OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.85; medium: OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70, 0.93) with low level of physical activity as reference. Conclusion In 2018, there was a high prevalence rate of multimorbidity among middle-aged adults in China. The main multimorbidity patterns were obesity-hypertension and diabetes-dyslipidemia. Surveillance and interventions should be strengthened particularly for men, individuals with alcohol consumption or insufficient physical activity, and those with major multimorbidity patterns.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of application of support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method in Raman spectroscopy for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases.

METHODSFresh breast tissue samples of 168 patients (all female; ages 22-75) were obtained by routine surgical resection from May 2011 to May 2012 at the Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University. Among them, there were 51 normal tissues, 66 benign and 51 malignant breast lesions. All the specimens were assessed by Raman spectroscopy, and the SVM-RFE algorithm was used to process the data and build the mathematical model. Mahalanobis distance and spectral residuals were used as discriminating criteria to evaluate this data-processing method.

RESULTS1 800 Raman spectra were acquired from the fresh samples of human breast tissues. Based on spectral profiles, the presence of 1 078, 1 267, 1 301, 1 437, 1 653, and 1 743 cm(-1) peaks were identified in the normal tissues; and 1 281, 1 341, 1 381, 1 417, 1 465, 1 530, and 1 637 cm(-1) peaks were found in the benign and malignant tissues. The main characteristic peaks differentiating benign and malignant lesions were 1 340 and 1 480 cm(-1). The accuracy of SVM-RFE in discriminating normal and malignant lesions was 100.0%, while that in the assessment of benign lesions was 93.0%.

CONCLUSIONSThere are distinct differences among the Raman spectra of normal, benign and malignant breast tissues, and SVM-RFE method can be used to build differentiation model of breast lesions.

Algorithms ; Breast Diseases ; diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Support Vector Machine