Objective To explore the factors affecting the duration of secondary prophylaxis for penicilliosis marneffei in patients with acquired immunodeflciency syndrome (AIDS).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted.The study included 92 adult patients with AIDS and penicilliosis mameffei which were confirmed at the Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Medecins Sans Frontieres clinic.The patients were divided into two groups based on the counts of CD4+ T cells at the time of discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis with itraconazole.The patients with a CD4+ lymphocyte count ＞ or =200 × 106 cells/L at the discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis were assigned to Group Ⅰ,and those with a CD4+ lymphocyte count ranging from 100 × 106 to 200 × 106 cells/L to Group Ⅱ.The treatment duration and clinical outcome were compared between the two groups,and factors which might affect the duration of secondary prophylaxis,including organ involvement,complications,antifungal regimen,antiviral treatment timing,and so on,were assessed.The SPSS 13.0 ~ftware package was used for statistical analysis.Results All the 92 patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).No significant difference was observed in the sex ratio,age,follow up duration,number of organs involved,occurrence of complications,composition and duration of antifungal treatment regimens between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The duration of secondary prophylaxis was significantly shorter in Group Ⅱ than in Group Ⅰ (8.13 ± 5.13 vs.12.44 ± 9.51 months,P＜0.05).The commencement of HAART after the treatment of penicilliosis,coinfection with other pathogens or mycobacterium tuberculosis were associated with a longer duration of secondary prophylaxis,and the influence degree of these factors decreased in order,whereas the commencement of HAART before the treatment of penicilliosis was associated with a shorter secondary prophylaxis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions For AIDS/PSM patients receiving HAART,secondary prophylaxis could be discontinued 3 to 6 months after the CD4 +lymphocyte count restores to 100 × 106 cells/L or more.The duration of secondary prophylaxis may be extended by the commencement of HAART after the treatment of penicilliosis,coinfection with other pathogens or mycobacterium tuberculosis,but shortened by the commencement of HAART before the treatment of penicilliosis.

Objective To examine the chemo-preventive effect of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor (celecoxib) in an animal model of stomach carcinogenesis. Methods Eighty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. The rats were given water alone (group A, n=5), N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) (group B, n=16), 3 mg/kg of indomethacin daily (group C, n=16), 5 mg/kg of celecoxib daily (group D, n=17), 10 mg/kg of celecoxib daily (group E, n=16) or 20 mg/kg of celecoxib daily (group F, n=16). The animals in group B to F were given 10% sodium chloride (in the initial 6 weeks) and drinking water containing MNNG (100 ?g/ml) to induce gastric adenocacinoma. All animals received treatment for 40 weeks, and were sacrificed after death or at week 48. Gastric tumor was evaluated histologically. Results Among 86 rats, 26 rats died, and 60 rats completed the experiment. The incidences of gastric cancer were found 0 (0%) in group A, 12 (75.0%) in group B, 11 (68.8%) in group C, 12 (70.6%) in group D, 3(18.8%) in group E, and 5(31.3%) in group F. There were significant differences in tumor incidence (P=0.002), multiplicity (P=0.001) and volume (P=0.009) among different groups. When compared with group B, the group E had the greatest reduction in tumor incidence (P=0.004), tumor multiplicity ( P=0.006) and mean tumor volume (P=0.02). Treatment with indomethacin had no significant effect on tumor development. Conclusion While treatment with indomethacin had no significant effect on tumor development, treatment with celecoxib reduced gastric cancer incidence and growth in rats.

Objective To evaluate the 3-year outcomes of the Medecins Sans Frontieres/Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Provention comprehensive and free of charge HIV/AIDS treatment and care project.Methods We present a detailed retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes of 432 cases who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)from December 2003 to December 2006.Results Among the adult patients who received HAART,the mortality rate was 6.5%and only 12(2.8%)patients were lost to follow up.The mean CD+4 T cell count increase was 147 cells/μl and 246 cells/μl for patients receiving HAART for 9-15 and 21-27 months respectively.An adherence assessment conducted during March to December 2006 indicated that 95.9%of the study cases reached an adherence of 95%or more of the prescribed medications.Among the 30 children patients who received HAART,4(13.3%)cases died and the mean CD4+T cell increase after 9-15 and 21-27 months of HAART was 673cells/μl and 658 cells/μlrespectively.148 of the adult patients starting HAART were current or ex-intravenous drug users(IDU)and showed global death rate and lost to follow-up rate comparable to those of non-IDU patients(Log rank test,P=0.91).Conclusions Good mid-term therapeutic outcomes with combination antiretroviral therapy have been achieved in this project.Total free of charge care and treatment and intensive patient support/counseling are crucial to program success.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pingangmycin and dexamethasonum injected synchronously in the treatment of hemangioma in maxillofacial regions. Methods A total of 83 patients with hemangioma in maxillofacial regions between September 1996 and March 2004 were reviewed. The age of the patients was from 3 months to 50 years old. The sizes of the lesions varied from 1cm?1cm to 6cm?9cm. Injection should be accorded to size of the tumor, local appearance and patients' age. Injection might be repeated in every 5~10 days, totally 4~6 times. Results All cases were followed up from 8 to 36 months. The recovery rate was 95.18%, and the total effective rate was 100%. Conclusion This method is a simple, safe and effective therapy of hemangioma in maxillofacial regions.

Objective To introduce and evaluate an improved technique of vertical mammaplasty for correction of severe breast ptosis. Methods Vertical mammaplasty that was first reported by Ma-deleine Lejour in Brussels is a technique that uses adjustable markings, an upper pedicle for the areola, and a central breast reduction with lower skin undermining. To shorten vertical scar, it was important to locate new nipple position and move up new inframammary fold. The shape of the breast was crea-ted by suturing the gland and did not rely on the skin. No scar was produced in submammary fold. Re-sults 36 cases were treated with vertical mammaplasty in our department since August 1999. The shape of the new breast was satisfactory in all patients after 3-24 months following-up. Areora necro-sis was not found in all the cases. Conclusion The vertical mammaplasty is an optical technique for correction of severe breast ptosis, Stable results are produced because the gland is strongly sutured.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus 0.03％ ointment for the treatment of 2-year-old patients with moderate to severe AD.Methods An open-labeled,non-comparative,multi-center study was carried out,which included 59 2-year-old children with moderate to severe AD.All the patients were given topical tacrolimus 0.03％ ointment twice daily for 3 weeks.The evaluation of patients was scheduled at the baseline,1,2,and 3 weeks after the start of treatment.Clinical outcome parameters included the total response rate,eczema area and severity index score (EASI score),the percentage of body surface area (BSA％) affected,physician's global evaluation (PGE),children's dermatology life quality index (CDLQI),visual analog scale (VAS) pruritus score.Safety was assessed based on adverse events reported by patients or observed by the physicians.Results At the end of the treatment,the total response rate was 65.85％ with an EASI score of 4.18,and BSA％ of 16.41％.Of these patients,85.10％ achieved a satisfactory outcome,2.13％ achieved a complete cure,and all achieved an improvement,with no exacerbation observed.The 3-week treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in VAS pruritus score (from 6.80 to 3.21) and CDLQI (frown 7.06 to 2.91).Side effects mainly manifested as temporary burning sensation at the application site,and no severe adverse events associated with tacrolimus were observed.Conclusion Tacrolimus 0.03％ ointment seems safe and effective for the treatment of 2-year-old patients with moderate to severe AD.

Objective To determine the correlation between intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis; and STAT3 activation during murine severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups (12 in each group): S (sham), C (control), A (SAP), N (NAC was given 1 hour before SAP).Samples were obtained 3 or 24 hours after for the determination of plasma D-lactate, intestinal mucosa MDA and XO, immunohistochemical staining for PCNA.Apoptosis of the epithelial cell was examined with TUNEL and DNA laddering.The expressions of Bcl-2? Bax? p-STAT3 in intestinal mucosa were assessed by Western blot.Results Plasma D-lactate and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis increased in group A, especially at 24 hours after operation ( P

To report a case of 16-month-old boy with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency who experienced disseminated herpes simplex infection. From 2 months of age, the patient experienced multiple pyrexial episodes of undetermined origin, which responded well to anti-inflammatory agents after undressed. Abnormal sweat with dry skin was noted; therefore, the skin biopsy of right axilla was performed at 7 months of age, and suggested a diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Since 6 months of age, he developed recurrent upper respiratory infections and 2 episodes of pneumonia. Twenty days before, several glossal erosions occurred in the patient, supervened by painful and erosive eruptions and numerous blisters around the mouth and both hands with hyperpyrexia. Four days before, the patient was transferred to the department owing to skin lesion exacerbation. Cutaneous examination showed multiple crested or ulcerated plaques distributed eriorificially (mouth and nasal cavity) on the face. Several irregular, demarcated ulcers were scattered on the buttocks, scrotum and lower limbs, surrounded by grouped and umbilicated vesicles arising on erythema. Both hands were swelling, crusting and painful. Dentition was abnormal, and the patient had only 2 upper conical incisors. Routine investigation revealed that white cell count and C-reactive protein extremely elevated. Immunologic profile showed an abnormal distribution of lymphocyte subsets with decreased CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Serum IgM level was slightly low. IgM antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were detected by serological testing. Based on the above-mentioned features, a diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency and disseminated herpes simplex infection was confirmed. The patient was resolved favourahly after intravenous ganciclovir and antibiotics for 3 weeks without relapse of skin lesions.

Objective To evaluate whether the reverse phase protein array (RPPA) method can be used for detecting TORCH infection in pregnant women .Methods The RPPA method was established for detecting TORCH infection .The positive coinci‐dence rates of TORCH infection detected by the RPPA method and ELISA method in 2000 fresh serum samples from pregnant women were compared for evaluating the feasibility of RPPA in TORCH detection .Results The positive coincidence rates of estab‐lished RPPA and ELISA for detecting TORCH infection was 100 .0% ,91 .1% ,97 .2% ,91 .3% and 93 .0% respectively ,indicating that the detection results of various indexes by RPPA and ELISA had better consistency (P>0 .05) ,but the positive detection rates of RPPA for Rubellavirus ,CMV and HSV‐1 ,2 were higher than those of correspondent ELISA method .Conclusion RPPA method for detecting TORCH infection has the advantages of simpleness ,rapidness ,high sensitivity and strong specificity ,is an effective method of auxiliary diagnosis for bearing and rearing better children in clinical ,and is worthy of being promoted and used in the fu‐ture .

A series of poly (lacticacid-co-glycolicacid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG, PELGA) block copolymers and poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lacticacid-co-glycolicacid)-poly (ethylene-glycol) (PELGE) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. PELGA nanoparticles and PELGE nanoparticles were prepared using the emulsion-solvent evaporation technique (O/W). To study the behavior and mechanism of the degradation of PELGA-NP and PELGA-NP, we determined the lactic acids by UV spectrophotometry. The method confirmed that degradation was much faster for polymers with a decrease in the LA content of the polymers or an increase in the PEG content of the polymers.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Nanostructures ; Nanotechnology ; Polyesters ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Polyglactin 910 ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry