Postoperative ileus is commonly referred to the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility after ab-dominal surgery. Some causes are responsible for the ileus, including postoperative pain and electrolyte im-balances, and manipulations during surgery. Although gastrointestinal motility normalizes spontaneously in most patients, some develop severe to postoperative ileus, which is difficult to treat, with a delayed recovery from surgery, prolonged hospital stay, and increased treatment costs. So, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of postoperative ileus for effective prevention and treatment.

Objective　To study the pattern of activities of microglia, the patholgical changes of chronically hypoperfused brain of rats and the interrelationship between them. Methods　Model of chronically hypoperfused brain was established in rat by the ligation of both common carotid arteries, and the histopathological changes of brain were observed with light microscope. The activity of microglia of the brain were also observed with immunohistochemistry method and the number of microglia was measured with image analyzer. Results　Extensive activation of microglia was observed after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and the activation was increased with the elapse of time of hypoperfusion. There were obvious pathological change in the brain after the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, such as myelinic degeneration and formation of glial nodule in white matter. After treated with cyclosporin A, the number of microglia was obviously reduced, but the pathological change was evidently decreased. Conclusion　The activation of microglia resulted from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is relates to the pathological changes of the brain. However, cyclosporin A can decrease the pathological change and inhibit the activation of microglia.

Objective Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF ?) superfamily, has been reported to overexpress in liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to examine the expression changes of activin A in the process of carbon tetrachloride induced rat hepatic fibrosis. Methods Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections of 40% carbon tetrachloride oily solution for a period of 1 to 7 weeks. 6～10 rats were killed at week 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 weeks. The kinetics of activin A messenger RNA expression and its protein localization were assayed by semi quantity reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Results RT PCR and immunohistochemistry showed normal rat liver could express activin A mRNA and protein, and its expression was transiently decreased and became undectable after carbon tetrachloride injections for 2 or 3 weeks, then increased grandually. After carbon tetrachloride injecting for 6 and 7 weeks, activin A mRNA and protein expression were significantly enhanced in rats liver ( P

The changes of parathyroid hormone (PTH),calcitonin(CT)of three different anesthesia methods were observed perioperatively in 38 patients who were divided into two age groups (22 ~ 50 and 51 ~ 60). Postoperative serum Ca, P levels decreased as compared with preoperative values,espe.cially in the old. age groups with no statistic significance. These results indicate that during anesthesia and operative stress the CDS is inhibited and the regulation of the autonomic nervous system is affected, with obscure the relationship between parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and Ca, P with the alteration of Ca,P metabolism. Serum Ca may increase to the baseline by supplement of calcium gluconate during and after operation, but the operation after 4 ~ 5 days, serum Ca may also return to normal without any intervention.

Objective To analyze strain characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) and explore the clinical value of strain rate imaging in differentiating HCM from hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy(H-LVH). Methods Parameters of strain and strain rate were obtained and compared among 23 HCM patients, 30 patients with H-LVH and 20 healthy people(control group). Results In HCM group, systolic strain(?_ sys ),peak systolic strain rate(SR_ sys ), early diastolic strain rate(SR_ dia ) obtained from inter-ventricle septum(IVS) were smaller than that obtained from left ventricle posterior wall(LVPW), while SR_a increased in IVS. ?_ sys ,SR_ sys ,SR_ dia in both patients with HCM and H-LVH were smaller than that in control group, while atrial systolic strain rate(SR_a) increased in HCM group and H-LVH group. ?_ sys , SR_ sys , SR_ dia , SR_a obtained from IVS and ?_ sys , SR_ dia obtained from LVPW in HCM group showed statistic differences compared with H-LVH group. Conclusions Strain rate imaging could accurately detect the abnormal regional myocardial function of HCM and can be applied as a useful tool in discriminating HCM from H-LVH.

Tetrandrine (Tet) is a bibenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandra S Morr. Lots of studies demonstrated that Tet could: ① act as a calcium antagonist via blocking plasma membrane voltage- or receptor-operating calcium channels, inhibiting extracellular calcium entry and intracellular calcium mobilization, so it could prevent hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, pancreas cells and neurocytes from toxic or ischemia-reperfusion injuries. However, in HL-60 and leukamia T cells, Tet promoted calcium releasing from mitochondria or/and microsomes and induced these cells death. ② down-regulate T cell protein kinase C signal transduction pathway, inhibit T cell proliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and expression of the T cell activation antigen. It could also interrupted integrity of macrophages, reduced neutrophiles and macrophages respiratory-bursting and proinflammatory cytokines secretion through minimizing nuclear transcription factor kappa B DNA binding activity. ③ induce tumor cells apoptosis. ④ down-regulate P glucoprotein activity and reverse tumor cells multidrug resistance. ⑤ also inhibit platelet-derived growth factor induced hepaticstellate cells and human lung fibroblast proliferation, down-regulete type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen secretion. In this article, we also reviewed the therapeutic effects of Tet on hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, portal hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, anti-inflammation and anti-tumors.

Haizhenyuye(HY) is a nourishment made from fresh Stichopus japonicus Se-lecka and traditional Chinese medicine herbs. It can enhance hematopoiesical and immuologi-cal function, prevent and treat a decrease in the WBC Count caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Through prevention effect on rats by HY, we can prove that HY can increase the levels of WBC,Hb,PC,reticulocytes and improve hematopiesis. HY is a marine nourishment with great values.

Objective: To investigate the effects of clinical therapeutic and pharmacological actions “Shenkang Oral Liquid” on sexual function failing, senile nocturia. Results: Index of phagocyte, weight of seminal vesicle gland and content of testosterone in experimental rats with yang deficiency were observed by experiment.Results: “Shenkang Oral Liquid” could significantly raise index of phagocyte (k=0.0258?0.012), weight of seminal vesicle gland (24.07?1.99mg/10g) and content of testosterone (363?50.56pmol/mL) in rats with yang deficiency. Conclusion: “Shenkang Oral Liquid” shows enhancement effects on immune and sexual functions.

Tumor genesis and development often result from deregulation of important biological pathways at the gene expression level. Although there has been much work focused on searching gene sets using gene expression data or other prior information, proper statistical testing of the gene sets is still an open question. Most studies have expanded the testing method of a single gene into the gene sets. Parametric statistical analysis of gene sets ( p-SAGE ) was presented for determining the significant gene sets or pathways associated with a phenotype of interest. The method was applied to brain tumor experiments to identify many gene sets. Some of the newly discovered gene sets were related to signal transduction and immunity. This simple and effective method gives useful biologically meaningful results.