Objective To comprehensively summarize the recent development of organ transplantation specialty,and raise a suggestion for the future progress of the subject.Methods The info investigation method was employed to retrieve the literature concerning solid organ transplantation published in recent five years domestically and abroad,and the new progresses were analyzed on organ transplantation in both military and civil fields,and also fundamental and clinical researches.Results Researches on organ transplantation had progressed rapidly on foundation and clinical application in recent 5years in armed forces.The major achievements were in immune recognition and adjustment,transplant immune tolerance,the regulating effect of CTLA4Ig on NK cell function,preparation of the preservation fluid,and pathological diagnosis.Conclusions The professional level of organ transplantation in the armed forces had teken the foremost position in advance in the country.During the period of "12th Five-Year Plan" ,researches should be carried out on procurement,preservation and transplantation of the donated organs after cardiac death(DCD)organ.Meanwhile the foundational and clinical researches should be enhanced of immune tolerance,regulatory T lymphocyte,formulation of preservation fluid,and of animal experiment for closely bonding the foundational and clinical researches,and striving for greater research outcome.

OBJECTIVE To study characteristics of hospital infection,risk factors and bacterial resistance in our Intensive Care Unit(ICU) to draw up effective interfering measure and supply the scientific basis.METHODS The data of 1115 inpatients in our ICU in 2008 were analysed prospectively and retrospectively.RESULTS The hospital Infection rate was 12.10%,the case-time infection rate 12.47%,the lower respiratory tract infection rate 56.12%,the G-infection rate 57.30%,the G+ infection rate 25.84%,and the fungus infection rate was 16.85%,These pathogens were resistant to antibiotics in various degree.CONCLUSIONS The ICU infection rate is obvious higher than that in all clinical departments.The resistance to most of the antibiotics are increasing which need enhancing bacterial supervi.

AIM:To observe the dynamic changes of neurokinin A(NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) levels in gastric mucosal and plasma in rats after abdominal seawater-immersing trauma,and to investigate the influence of these two sensory neuropeptides on acute gastric mucosal lesion.METHODS:Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(normal group,celiac seawater-immersing trauma 1,2 and 3 h groups).With emzyoimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay respectively,gastric mucosal and plasma NKA and CGRP levels in rats were measured.RESULTS:Compared with normal rats,with the seawater-immersing time prolonged,gastric mucosal NKA and CGRP levels in rats were progressively decreased(P

Objective To optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Ophiopogon japonicus by the use of response surface methodology.Method According to the design principle of Box-Behnken, effects of extraction temperature, extraction time , extraction times and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction yield of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides were studied by response surface methodology,meanwhile regression analysis of these experimental data was used by Design-Expert 8.05b software.Results The optimum extraction conditions from Ophiopogon japonicus were concluded as follows: the extraction temperature was 93℃, extraction time was 2 h, extraction times was 3 times, and solid-liquid ratio was 1:15 g/ml.Conclusion Under these conditions, the extraction yield of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides is up to 5.440%, and the relative error is 7.328%.

Objective To study the effect of serf-designed multi-organ preservation solution(SMO)on cold-stored rat liver.Methods The rat livers were preserved with SMO solution(group A,n=15),UW solution(group B,n=15)and HC-A solution(group C,n=15),respectively.The livers were transplanted orthotopically after 6-,12-,24-hour preservation.The changes of liver function at hour 12 after transplantation were detected and conditions of the survived rats at day 14 after transplantation were observed.Results There was no morphological change of the livers in group A within 24 houm.The total bilimbin,alaninetransaminase,and hyaluronic acid increased in group A and B as the preservation time increased,but the levels of the 3 indexes of group A were significant lower than those in group C(F=49.027,70.280,34.349,71.532,446.544,303.408,P＜0.05).No rat djed in group A 14 days after liver transplantation.Conclusions SMO and UW solution have similar effect on protecting the liver.and the protective effect of the 2 solutioas was better than that of HC-A solution.

Objective To observe whether treatment with cannabidiol (CBD) affect nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) in rats and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Sixty-three adult male SD rats were randomly divided in to three groups as follows: Control group (rats fed with normal diet), MCD group (rats fed with MCD and MCD+CBD group [rats fed with MCD and treated with cannabidiol, 2mg/(kg.d), i.p.]. Ten weeks later, steatohepatitis and fibrosis were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured by using an automatic biochemical analyzer and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerol were determined with kits. Autophagic flux in livers was evaluated by Western blotting. Results Treatment with cannabidiol reduced ratio of liver/body weightratio (4.2%±0.6% versus 3.1%±0.6%, P<0.05), histological scores (4.7±1.1 versus 2.2±0.5, P<0.05) and fibrosis (1.4%±0.4% versus 0.8%±0.3%, P<0.05) in rat livers, lowered levels of ALT (214.5±54.1U/L versus 92.1±36.0U/L, P<0.05) and AST (175.9±55.2U/L versus 70.8±24.9U/L, P<0.05) in serum, attenuated hepatic fat accumulation (cholesterol, 182.4±42.7mmol/mg protein versus 101.0±33.8mmol/mg protein, P<0.05; triglyceride, 71.4±12.5mmol/mg protein versus 38.7±11.1mmol/mg protein, P<0.05), and down-regulated mRNA expression of Col1A1 (2.9±0.4 versus 1.6±0.3, P<0.05) in livers of rats fed with MCD. Furthermore, cannabidiol led to the LC3 turnover (LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I, 37.1±10.8 versus 71.2±17.1, P<0.05) and p62 decrease (202.4±40.9 versus 125.8±32.7, P<0.05) in the livers of MCD-fed rats. Conclusion Treatment with cannabidiol could relieve MCD-induced NASH in rats, at least in part, by autophagic flux promotion.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus exposure in stable liver transplant recipients converted from FK506 twice a day to Advagraf (tacrolimus extended-release capsules) once daily. Methods This was an open-label, random, control and multi-center study.Eligible patients were 19 to 70 years of age, 6 months post-transplant with stable renal and hepatic function and receiving stable doses of tacrolimus twice a day for 2 weeks prior to enrollment. There were 86 patients in the experimental group and the control group, separately. The average age of experimental group and control group was 46 ± 10 and 49 ± 9, respectively. Patients in experimental group received Advagraf, once daily, and the dose was adjusted according to the drug concentration,and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. The control group given tacrolimus, twice daily, and the drug concentration was between 2 to 10 μg/L. Results The incidence of acute rejection reaction was 1.20 % and 1.18 % respectively in experimental group and control group, and the 95 %confidence interval was -3.25% ～3.31 % and -3.26% ～ 3.34 %, individually. There was 1 case of acute rejection reaction in experimental group and control group, respectively. The patient and organ survival rate was 100%. Sixteen adverse events occurred in 15 patients (17.65 %) of the experimental group, and 10 adverse events occurred in 10 patients (11.63 %) of control group. Severe adverse events relating to the test drug in experimental group occurred in 4 patients (4. 71 %). and 2 patients (2. 33) in control group.Conclision Clinical trials indicated that Advagraf has efficacy and safety profiles similar to those of tacrolimus. The drug is safe and may improve patient compliance.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of FUZHENGJIEDU,a kind of Chinese herb on rats exposed to radon and it's daughter.Methods Twelve male SD rats were exposed with concentration of 40 000 Bq/m3 radon and the exposed dose was 120 work level month (120 WLM),and then all the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups.One group was 120 WLM group (positive control,n=6 ),the other group was FUZHENGJIEDU treatment group (120 WLM exposed rats were given FUZHENGJIEDU 5.0 g every day,n =6),meanwhile 6 rats which lived in the normal environment ( the concentration of radon and it's daughter was lower than 50 Bq/m3 ) as control group.The levels of tumor markers induding carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA),neuron-specific enolase (NSE),CYFRA21-1 and p53 antibody were tested by ELISA.The rate of p16 gene methylation was measured by methylation-specific PCR (MSP).Results The levels of CEA and NSE in 120 WLM group were (396.62 ± 148.74) and (9.09 ±0.90) μg/L,respectively,significantly higher than those of control group (t =2.583,2.463,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of CEA and NSE in treatment group were (70.89 ±44.71) and (4.31 ±1.37) μg/L,respectively,remarkably lower than those of 120 WLM group (t =2.921,2.526,P ＜0.05 ).The concentrations of CYFRA21-1 and p53 antibody were not significantly different among the three groups (t =1.713,1.963,P ＞ 0.05 ).The rate of p16 gene methylation in BALF cells in 120 WLM group was 16.67％,but in control group and treatment group did not arise p16 gene methylation in BALF cells.Conclusions FUZHENGJIDU would decrease the levels of CEA and NSE and the rate of p16 gene methylation,and could exert it's protective effect on rats exposed to high concentration of radon.

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the efficacy and safety of Hangzhou tacrolimus capsule (Saishi Tac capsule,Hangzhou Zbongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd,China) in Chinese liver transplant recipients.MethodsMulticenter,randomized open-labeled,prospective controlled clinical trial was performed in de novo Chinese liver transplant recipients.According to inclusive and exclusive criterion,83 liver recipients from 11transplant centers were enrolled.The recipients accepted Saishi Tac capsule,mycopheolate and steroid 48 h post-operation.The initial dose of Tac was 0.1-0.15 mg kg-1day-1and C0 was 8-12 ng/ml in the first 60 days,followed by 5-10 ng/ml until the terminal observation time poiut (12 weeks after transplantation).The efficacy and safety were estimated during the period.The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection.Graft survival was the secondary endpoint.Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events reported over the course of the study,such as infection,renal damage,hypertension,hyperlipema and diabetes mellitus and other adverse affairs.ResultsThe dose of Tac at 1st,2nd,4th and 8th week post-operation was (4.1±1.9),(4.5±2.1),(4.5±2.1),(4.4±1.8) and (4.1±2.1) mg,and correspondjng values to the C0 were (8.1±4.5),(8.9±4.5),(8.8±4.3),(8.8±4.1) and (8.0±2.8) ng/ml.During 12 weeks of follow-up,the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was 4.8％ (4/83),and all of cases were reversed by implosive therapy.The survival rate of graft hver was 100％.The incidence of lung infection and diabetes mellitus was both 6.02％.ConclusionSaishi Tac capsule was safe and effective to Chinese liver transplant recipients.