Objective To evaluate effects of minimal invasive plating for treatment of mid-distal humeral shaft fractures.Methods From May 2004 to December 2007, 20 patients with isolated unilat-eral mid-distal third humeral shaft fractures were surgically treated with close reduction and internal fixation using a 4.5 mm dynamic compression plate which was anteriorly inserted through 2 small incisions on the anterior aspects of proximal and distal parts of the arm, away from the fracture site.The postoperative function of the radial nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve, the postoperative alignment of the main fragments on the anteroposterior radiographs, the bone healing time and muscle strength of biceps muscles were measured and recorded, Results Four patients complained of numbness at the area innervated by the lateral ante-braehial cutaneous nerve in the affected forearm after the surgery.No signs of iatrogenic radial nerve palsies occurred after the surgery.A completely normal alignment was achieved in 7 patients, but varus of 11° was found in 2 cases and varus of 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7° and 10° in one each.Valgus deformity was noticed in 4 cases, and valgus of 3°, 4°, 6° and 7° in one each.The mean follow-up of 10.4 months for 19 patients re-vealed bony union of all the fractures.The average bone healing time was 13.4 weeks.At the latest follow-up, the biceps muscle strength of all the patients was 5 degrees.Hardwires were removed in 5 patients without any complications.Conclusions Minimally invasive anterior plating is a safe alternative osteosynthesis for mid-distal third humeral shaft fractures.However, this technique may interfere with the function of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

From January 2006 to December 2007,44 cases of humeral shaft fractures were admitted to Department of Orthopaedics,Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,including 29 males and 15 females,with an average age of 40.7 years old(ranging 19-89 years).Of them,13 cases of fracture involved upper segment,24 involved middle segment and 7 lower segment.All fractures were close fractures.According to AO/ASIF classification,there were 5 cases of type A1,11 of A2,6 of A3,6 of B1,12 of B2,and 4 of B3.All patients were treated by expendable intramedullary nailing system.Time of operation,hospitalization and healing,blood loss,intra-or postoperative complications and range of shoulder and elbow motion were recorded and analyzed statistically.X-ray was shot to observe the union of fractures.The expendable intramedullary nailing was successfully performed in all patients for 86 minutes(ranging 30-150 minutes).The blood loss ranged from 30 to 200 mL with a mean of 70 mL.Except primary injury-caused radial paralysis,no iatrogenic radial paralysis occurred.All 44 patients were follow-up with an average of 18 months.Of them,41 patients had fracture union,and 3 nonunion.The average healing time was 15.8 weeks.There were 15 patients complained of pain in the shoulder joint,which did not affect daily life.According to UCLA shoulder scoring system,an excellent result was found in 18 patients,good in 23 patients,and fair in 3 patients with an excellent/good rate of 93.2%.All the patients had the excellent results according to Mayo elbow performance score system.No infection,iatrogenic fracture,limb shortening,nail breakage,fat embolism syndrome or peripheral nerve injury was found.The expandable nail offers the advantages of little blood loss,reduced operation time and exposure to radiation.However,nail antegrade insertion may lead to shoulder pain,and it should be paid more attention for cases of rotational instability in inferior segment of the humerus.

Objective To analyze and compare the emergency therapeutic methods for renal colic,and to explore the preferable way of emergency therapies for renal colic.Methods A total of 340 cases of renal colic in emergency department were randomly divided into groups A (pethidine),B (diclofenac sodium),C (phloroglucinol),and D (diclofenac sodium + phloroglucino).The average time of therapeutic effect after given 30 min in different groups was observed.Results The average time of effect in group A [(9.53 ±3.34) min],group D[(10.49 ±2.54) min],and group B[(10.51 ±2.27)min] and they were much shorter than group C [(18.51 ±4.86) min] (P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the effective rate among the 4 groups(P ＞ 0.05).The relapse rate of group C (11.43％) and group D (9.00％) were much lower than group A (24.59％) and group B(23.75％).There was no adverse reaction in group C.The rates of adverse reactions in group B (2.27％) and group D (2.78％) were much lower than group A (27.27％).Conclusions Diclofenac sodium combined with phloroglucinol was preferable emergency treatment for renal colic.

BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease of older males. Although the etiology remains unclear, the factors of life style and habits may have an effect on the disease.OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of cigarette smoking and body mass index with the risk of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia.DESIGN: A hospital-based case-control study SETTINGS:Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Public Health School,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Preventive Medicine, Liaoning Medical College.PARTICIPANTS：Totally 343 males with benign prostatic hyperplasia of 50-82 years old (patient group),who were surgically treated between May 2004 and May 2006,were selected from the Department of Urinary Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College (former Jinzhou Railway Central Hospital),Jinzhou Central Hospital and Jinzhou Second People's Hospital．Inclusive criteria：① males above 50 years old；intemational prostatic symptom score(IPSS)＞7；②Digital recta examination (DRE) after miction indicated prostate grade Ⅰ(transverse diameter＞3 cm); ③prostatic volume≥30 g;④maximum unnary flow rate＜15 mL／s；Meanwhile，361 inpatients with diseases irrelative to the risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia,prostatic cancer and prostatitis were selected trom the above hospitals as the control group,they were 50-82 years of age with an average of 65 years old．Informed contents were obtained from all the enrolled subjects．METHODS：All the patients and controls were interviewed using an anonymous questionnaire．All participants were asked to report whether they had smoked 20 packs of cigarettes or more in their lifetimes and,if yes,they were smokers,on the contrary they were non-smokers．Based on usual number of cigarettes reported in the questionnaire, men were categorized as 1-10，11-20，21-30 and ＞30 cigarettes per day．Based on duration of smoking,the participants were funher classified as never smoke，1-19,20-29 and ≥30 years．Body mass index(BMI)was assessed from measured body mass and body height，and che standards of BMI in adults in China was 18．5-23．9 for normal,24．0-27．9 for overweight and ≥28．0 for obesity)，then the participants were further classified as BMI＜18．4，18．5-23．9,24．0-27．9 and ≥28．0 subgroups respectively．Years of education(＜7,7-11,and≥12) and occupation(worker,peasant, Intellectual and others) were also investigated．The results of the investigation were input into computer to establish database，the odds ratios (OR) and the 95％ confidence interval(CI)in relation to the various measures were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models, including number of cigarettes smoked per day，BMI,years smoked，years of education,occupation．MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Relationships of number of cigarettes smoked per day,years smoked．BMI,years of education and occupation with benign prostatic hyperplasia．RESULTS：Totally 343 cases in the patient group and 361 cases in the control group were involved in the analysis of results．①Patients smoked≥30 cigarettes per day had an elevated risk of benign prostatic hypertrophy as compared with the non-smokers(OR=1．32，95％ CI:0．92-2．58，P＜0．01)．②The risks of benign prostatic hypertrophy in overweight and obesity were significantly increased as compared with non-smokers(OR=1.68,95％ CI: 1．32-3．67；OR=2．35，95％CI:1．83-4．16)，③Manual worker (peasant) was negatively correlated with the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (χ2=6．62，P＜0．01)．CONCLUSION:Smoking 30 cigarettes per day was positively related to benign prostatic hyperplasia.For male who were both overweight(BMI 24.0-27.9)and obesity(BMI≥28.0)，smoking was significantly associated the increased risk of surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The aim of the study is to establish a new method of quality evaluation and validate its feasibilities by the simultaneous quantitative assay of four lignanoids in Schisandra chinensis. A new quality evaluation method, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS), was established and validated with Schisandra chinensis. Four main lignanoids, schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin and gamma-schizandrin, were selected as analytes and schisandrin as internal reference substance to evaluate the quality. Their contents in 13 different batches of samples, collected from different bathes, were determined by both external standard method and QAMS. The method was evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method and QAMS. No significant differences were found in the quantitative results of four lignanoids in 13 batches of S. chinensis determined by external standard method and QAMS. QAMS is feasible for determination of four lignanoids simultaneously when some authentic standard substances were unavailable, and the developed method can be used for quality control of S. chinensis.

AIM and METHODS:The purpose of the study was to characterize the time-related effect of Danazol therapy on endometriosis explant using the rat model. Endometriosis was induced in mature female rats. One group of treated animals as well as controls were sacrificed at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after treatment at which time the explant was evaluated. RESULTS:Explant volume was significantly reduced in all treatment groups, and the effect was more significant in animals treated for 4 weeks than those treated for only 2 weeks. CONCLUSION:Danazol treatment can cause gradual regression of endometrial explant in a time-related manner.

Objective: To elucidate the role of A39S mutation of DJ-1 in the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and identify genes for which expressions are abnormally regulated by A39S DJ-1 mutation. Methods: We established HEK293 cell lines which stably expressed empty vector, wild-type DJ-1 and A39S mutated DJ-1 respectively. DNA microarrays were used to identify genes for which expressions change in wild-type DJ-1 cells and A39S DJ-1 mutant cells. Results: Compared with the cell line expression empty vector, we identified 42 differentially regulated genes (including 14 up-regulated genes and 28 down-regulated genes) in the wild-type DJ-1 cells and 8 differentially regulated genes (including 6 up-regulated genes and 2 down-regulated genes) in the A39S DJ-1 mutant cells. Compared with the wild-type DJ-1 cells, only the expression of UGT2B7 gene was down-regulated in A39S DJ-1 mutant cells. hTese differentially regulated genes were mainly related to signal transduction, regulation of transcription, apoptosis and metabolism. Conclusion: A39S mutated DJ-1 may disturb the transcriptional activities of DJ-l and involve in the pathogenesis of PD.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of calcined bovine bone(CBB)in the repair of animal bone defects.Methods:Ca-nine alveolar bone defect model,rat and rabbit calvarial critical size defect models were established respectively.All animals were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=6).The defects in the experimental group were repaire with CBB,those in the control group were not treated.The effects were observed by HE staining,Micro CT and Masson trichrome staining.Results:Canin alveolar bone de-fects were well repaired 8 week after operation.The skull defects in rabbits and SD rats were replaced by new bone 1 2 and 8 weeks after operation respectively.In all the control groups bone defects were not healed or not completely repaired.Conclusion:CBB is ef-fective in the repair of bone defects.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the anesthesia management of applying minimally invasive percutaneous neplrolithotripsy for treating hepatolithiasis.Methods The anaesthesia method,anesthetic effect,the time of resuscitation after anesthesia and side -effect of anesthesia in 86 patients who were underwent minimally invasive percutaneous neplrolithotripsy for hepatolithiasis were analyzed.Results All 86 patients were satisfied with anesthetic effect and completed surgery successfully.Among them,48 patients underwent operation with epidural anesthesia,31 patients with general anesthesia and 7 patients with the management of anesthesia monitoring(MAC) plus with local anesthesia.The time of resuscitation after anesthesia in general anesthesia patients was longer than those of epidural anesthesia and MAC.6 patients were delayed recovery and hypothermia after general anesthesia, 4 cases of epidural anesthesia and 1 case of MAC appeared cholecyst -heart reflection,and 2 cases of epidural anesthesia vomiting intraoperation.Conclusion The rational anesthesia method for patients underwent minimally invasive percutaneous neplrolithotripsy for treating hepatolithiasis should consider reasonably heart and lung function, maintain hemodynamics and respiratory stably,pay attention to insulation intraoperation,prevent cholecyst -heart reflection and shorten the operation time,which can reduce the side -effect of anesthesia and were favor for recovery after operation.

AIM: To observe the relationship between noradrenaline and the synaptic configuration in rat hippocampus CA3 area. METHODS: Noradrenergic system injured models were produced by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into rats' bilateral dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Then Y-type maze tests and elicitation of P3-like were carried out respectively before and after the model was established. The parameters of synaptic configuration in the hippocampus CA3 areas were also analyzed quantitatively. RESULTS: The decreases in the thickness of postsynaptic density material, the curvature of synaptic interface and the occurrence of perforated synapses, and the increase in the width of synaptic cleft were observed. CONCLUSION: The normal noradrenalin level in hippocampus is necessary to maintain the normal synaptic interface ultrastructure in hippocampus CA3 area.