Objective To analyze the effect of pain control with radiotherapy in bone metastases from malig-nancies. Methods A total of 72 lesions in forty-two cases with bone mestastases were received 6my X ray. The con-ventional radiotherapy was performed in 28 lesions in the way of 200cGy/fraction,5 fracties/week,total dose of 3000 ～5000cGy. The hypofractionation radiotherapy was.performed in 44 lesions in the way of 400cGy/fracfion,3 frac-tions/week,total dose of 2400～3600cGy. Results Overal pain relief rate was 90.28%, there were no significant differences between the two groups(P 0.05). The pain relief of hypofractionation radiotherapy was faster than anoth-er. Conclusion Radiotherapy is a very effective way to relieve pain in bone metastases from malignacies.

Objective To observe the curative effect of esophageal cancer with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and acute adverse reaction. Methods 28 cases with esophageal cancer were received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy from August,2008 to August,2009. The conformal radiotherapy was performed in the way of 200cGy/fraction,5 fractions/week,total dose of 60-64Gy,30-32fraction. In addition,the curative effect and acute adverse reaction were evaluated along the radiotherapy. Results The number of complete relief(CR) cases was 10, part relief(PR) was 15 ,no change was 3 ,and the overall relief(CR + PR) rate was 89.3%. The local control rate and the survival rate in the first year were 75.0% and 60.7%, and second year were 71.4% and 46.4%. The cases of 0 level acute radioactive pneumonia was 14,1 level was 8,2 level was 5,3 level was 1. The cases of 0 level acute radioactive esophagitis was 5, 1 level was 14,2 level was 7,3 level was 2. Conclusion Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was a very safe and effective way to treat esophageal cancer. Whether the therapy could improve the long-term survival rate was remained to be observed.

Objective To observe the effect of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for patients with cardia cancer who could not take operational treatment.Methods 37 patients with advanced cardia cancer received treatment of 6MV-X linear accelerator convention radiotherapy for 6 weeks.After taking radiotherapy,they received chemotherapy with DDP(20mg) and 5-Fu(500mg) for 3～6 cycles.Results The clinical symptom obviously alleriates,X-ray barium medicinal preparation absorbs the piece to demonstrate the complete response rate of 8%(3/37),the total effectiveness rate was 87%(32/37).1,3-years survival rates respectively were 65% and 11%.Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced cardia cancer can improve the clinical symptom and improve the surviral quality and lengthen the life.

Objective To report computer-aided three-dimensional visualization of simulated surgery for distal femoral fractures using software Unigraphics NX and Mimics. Methods The preoperative CT scans of 6 patients with distal femoral fractures were used for three-dimensional reconstruction of distal femoral fractures using software Mimics. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the surgical instruments using the modeling function of software Unigraphics NX. The assembly function of software Unigraphics NX was used to vi-sualize the simulated internal fixations of distal femoral fractures with both Less Invasive Stable System plates and the retrograde nails. The operative procedures simulated by the software Unigraphics NX were analyzed preoperatively. Results The simulated operative procedures were clearly and vividly visualized in three-dimensions, The fracture reduction and operative effects could be predicted. Conclusion This system of three-dimensional visualization of simulated surgery for distal femoral fractures using software Unigraphics NX and Mimics can help surgeons make preoperative predictions and select reliable methods to improve the reliability and effectiveness of the orthopaedic surgery.

Objective To determine the mortality and associated risk factors in the patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods One hundred and sixty-three patients with diabetic foot ulcers hospitalized from January 2001 to December 2006 were followed up until December 2009. Mortality rates were derived from Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The prognostic factors were evaluated with Cox proportional hazard model. Results Follow-up was successful in 139 out of 163 patients, with a mean follow-up period of(3.71 + 1. 80)years. 55 patients(39 males and 16 females)died during the follow-up. The 5-year mortality was 45.8% and mean survival time was 5.38 years(95% CI 4.87-5.89). The median survival time was 6.83 years. Age, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetic nephropathy were found to be independent prognostic factors for mortality. Conclusions Diabetic foot ulcers increased the mortality of diabetic patients. Age, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetic nephropathy were predictive risk factors for mortality.

OBJECTIVETo determine the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 during focal cerebral ischemia.

METHODSLeft middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was undergone after the introduction of a nylon suture to the left internal carotid artery in 70 male adult CD-1 mice. ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was detected using Western blot analysis, and the morphological feature was determined by immunohistochemistry. An ERK pathway inhibitor, 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-amino-phenylthio] butadiene (U0126), was administered intravenously 20 minutes before MCAO, and the neurological deficit levels and the infarct volumes were measured 24 hours after MCAO.

RESULTSPhosphorylated ERK 1/2 (pERK 1/2) activity increased after 30 minutes of MCAO and peaked at 2 hours. The immunohistochemical study displayed a large number of pERK 1/2 positive cells in the ischemic basal ganglion and surrounding cortex. Double-labeled fluorescent staining identified the pERK1/2 positive cells as neurons or astrocytes. In U0126 treated mice which had undergone 24 hours of MCAO, the neurological deficit levels and the infarct volumes were 44.6% and 45.8% respectively, less than those of the control mice.

CONCLUSIONSERK plays an important role in focal cerebral ischemia and inhibition of the ERK pathway can help protect against ischemic brain injury, which may provide a therapeutic approach for cerebral ischemia.

Animals ; Basal Ganglia ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Butadienes ; pharmacology ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; Phosphorylation