OBJECTIVE:To discuss the feasibility and difficulty in carrying out intervention for rational use of antimicro?bials.METHODS:Based on the actual situation of use of antimicrobials in China,the presence and absence of irrational use and the necessity of carrying out intervention for clinical rational use of antimicrobials were analysed.RESULTS:In China,the use of antimicrobials was excessively frequent,and peroperative use had the irrationality of undue indication,course too long and high-grade drug at the start.Furthemore,there was irrationality in choice of antimicrobials and neglect in special population,which resulted in increase of drug-resistant strain and ADRs.CONCLUSION:There are necessity and feasibility to carry out“Guide to clinical use of antimicrobials”and to implement the intervention for rational use of antimicrobials,however,difficulty exists as well.

The paper presented the scheme of performance appraisal on rational administration of drugs and its outcomes against the background of separation of clinic from pharmacy reform.It found the proportion of medicine decreasing year by year;pass rate of prescriptions above 99％;drug cost per visit decreasing significantly;and the usage rate of antibiotics up to the national standards in a rational trend.Rational drug use has become an effective tool in overseeing physicians' rational drug use and ensuring patient safety.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a RP-HPLC method for concentration determination of m-nisoldipine (m-Nis) in the plasma of rhesus monkeys.METHODS: The analysis was performed on a C18 column at 30℃ with a mobile phase of methanol-water (63∶37) at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min.The detection wavelength was 236nm.The sensitivity was 0.05AUFS and the internal standard was nimoldipine.RESULTS: The detectable concentration of m-Nis showed good linearity in the range of 1.75～ 448?g/L.The average recovery of extraction was 84.1%(RSD=4.09%), and the average recovery of method was 98.7%(RSD=2.76%).The processed plasma samples remained stable in quality after having been stored for 7 days, and the plasma remained stable in quality through repeated freeze thawing or stored at low temperature.CONCLUSION: The present method is highly sensitive and reproducible, as well as convenient, which can be used for concentration determination of m-Nis in the plasma of rhesus monkeys.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) structurally mimic the authentic virus whereas contain no viral genome. VLPs technique plays an important role in basic research such as virus assembly and virus morphology diversity. With special immunology properties, VLPs vaccine can induce immune response effectively. VLPs can act as adjuvant by regulating dendritic cells. Other adjuvant or polypeptide can be integrated into VLPs to construct chimeric vaccines. With the capability of packaging nucleic acid or other small molecules, VLPs can be used for vehicles to deliver these substances under suitable conditions. VLPs can substitute natural virus in immunology assay.

This paper reports the results of cytotoxicity test of pearls of Pinctada martensii in vitro. The results of relative growth rate (RGR) and observation of cell morphology by putting up extracted solution of pearl powder in culture flask of L929 cell show that pearls of Pinctada martinsii are cytocompatible. The RGR of pearls of Pinctada martensti is lower than that of hy-droxyapatite.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from differentiated somatic cells through reprogramming in vitro.Similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs),iPSCs have the ability of unlimited selfrenewal and multiple differentiation potential.But they are without the constraints of immunology and ethics and acquire conveniently.Patient-specific iPSCs provide an invaluable resource for disease modeling,drug discovery,regenerative therapy,immune therapy and cellular delivery vehicle in cancer therapy.Nowadays,the application of iPSCs technology has made some progress in the treatment of tumors.

Objective To investigate diagnostic value of low-tension computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) on carcinoma around Vater’s ampulla.Methods The data of CT and MRI of 30 patients with carcinoma around Vater’s ampulla confirmed by pathology were analysed retrospectively.Results 30 patients all had different degree obstruction of low part of biliary tract. CT or MRI showed the location, size and relationship with abjacent tissue of carcinoma in 26 patients, and the finger-stall sign of the descending part of the duodenum in 18 patients among them. Space occupying lesion of carcinoma was found dimly in 4 patients, no space occupying lesion of carcinoma was found in 3 patients.Conclusion The finger-stall sign of the descending part of the duodenum and finding of mass of ampulla are characteristic findings of carcinoma around Vaterys ampulla, low-tension CT and MRI are valuable methods of diagnosis of carcinoma around Vatery’s ampulla.

Electrical potential difference (PD) was measured across the wall of reverted small intestinal saes of mice. The effect of glycyrrhizic acid on transmural potential related to Na+ and glucose transport were investigated. It was found that both zhigancao (100g/L ) and glycyrrhizic acid (2. 5mmol/L ) decreased the PD (P＜0.01).According to the theory of active transport of glucose, we inferred that zhigancao and glycyrrhizic acid possibly produce an inhibitiory effect on Na+. K+-ATP ase,resulted in a blocking effect on sodium channel.

Objective To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induce ligand (TRAIL) receptors in bla dder transitional cell cancer. Methods TRAIL receptors m RNA were tested by means of RT-PCR and Northern Blot in bladder transitional ce ll cancer tissue. Results The expression of death recept or 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) have been certificated in bladder transiti onal cell cancer and normal bladder tissue,decoy receptor 1 (DcR1) expressed onl y in normal bladder tissue. Conclusions TRAIL gene may p lay an important role in the apoptosis of bladder transitional cell cancer.

Sicknesses caused by colonic transit dysfunction are commonly seen in clinical practice.The transit dysfunction of the colon has been studied in recent decades on the primary abnormalitie,the secondary damage of the colon enteric nervous system,the distribution of Cajal interstitial cells with the c-kit protein expression of its surface,the damage of smooth muscle by autoimmune,the absorption of water by colon,viral infections and the genetic aspects.