Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is very common in the population. The form of infection usually presents silent or latent infection in the persons with normal immune function, but it can lead to a high mortality in the fetuses and the patients with immune deficiency. At present,the pathogenesis of the congenital infection by HCMV is not very clear. In the α chemokine homologue encoded by HCMV UL146, the variation of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences and the highly conservative domain suggests that this domain is important for HCMV in biological significance. And the study on the gene polymorphism and the function of its encoding protein will play an important role to reveal the pathogenesis of HCMV.

Objective To investigate the effect of asphyxia on newborn's gastric myoelectrical activity by electrogastrography (EGG). Methods Twenty four asphyxia newborns (mild and severe type) and 15 normal newborns were enrolled. Electrogastric activity were recorded by a Portable EGG. The recording were performed 30 minutes before and after feeding respectively Results Compared with normal control,bradygastria (4 cpm) increased significantly ( P 0.01). Conclusions (1)By the help of EGG, we can get information about gastric myoelectrical activity in neonatal asphyxia.(2)Bradygastria is more prominent before feeding in mild asphyxia group; Slow wave is decreased in severe asphyxia group than that of control and mild asphyxia, but tachygastria increases significantly. This kind of abnormal electrogastric rhythm may contribute to feeding difficulty, abdominal distension and vomiting in asphyxia newborns.

Objectives:To explore the influnce of nutritional support treatment on the prognosis in patients with severe acute nectrotizing pancreatitis. Methods:The patients were divided into experimental group (35 cases of 1995 1999) and control group (33 cases of 1990~1994).The biochemical indicators complications and mortality rate were retrospectiverly analyzed between groups. Results:After treatment of 3 days,the amylase,transaminase,BUN,WBC and glucose in experimental group decreased significantly.TLC after treatment in experimental group was significantly different( P

Objective To evaluate the protection of combined clostridium butyricum and bifidobac-terium living powders for antibiotic-associated diarrhea ( AAD ) with all kinds of infections in hospitalized children,and to compare the therapeutic effect with saccharomyces boulardii. Methods This study was a prospective,randomized case-control clinical trial which collected the data of the hospitalized children with all kinds of infections in Pediactric Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between May 2011 to May 2012. A total of 552 cases were enrolled and 480 cases completed the study. A total of 240 chil-dren were in experimental group,80 cases received combined clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium liv-ing powders 840 mg per time,twice a day and the other 160 cases received saccharomyces boulardii 250 mg per time,twice a day,for one week; the control group took none of probiltics. Two groups received routine antibiotic therapy. Everyday′s defecate frequency was recorded, the traits of excrement according to bristol stool assessment scale were evaluated,the incidence of diarrhea and drug related adverse reactions were coun-ted. Results During the studied 7 days,the AAD incidence was 4. 2%(10/240) in experimental group and 20. 4%(49/240) in control group,there was significant difference between two groups. The risk of AAD in experimental group decreased 58. 5%. Compared to saccharomyces boulardii,combined clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium living powders decreased 38. 2% (RR=0. 728, 95%CI 0. 257~0. 784, P=0. 009). Compared to control group,the average defecate frequency decreased in experimental group,diarrhea duration contracted,there was statistic difference between two groups ( P<0. 01 ) . No drug related adverse reactions happened during the trial. Conclusion Both combined clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium living powders and saccharomyces boulardii could effectively reduce the risk of AAD in hospitalized children with bacterial infection,relieve diarrhea symptoms,short the duration of diarrhea,and did not find the adverse reac-tions. Combined clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium living powders and saccharomyces boulardii had the same protective effect for AAD of northern China children.

Objective To investigate the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus（HCMV）UL146 gene in clinical strains,and to evaluate its clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value of gene.Methods The UL146 gene of clinical strains was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Q-PCR）or general polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.Positive samples of PCR amplification were sequenced and analyzed.Results High variability of UL146 gene was found among 28 HCMV strains.According to phylogenetic analysis,all sequences of UL146 in clinical strains could be divided into three types and four subtypes.Chemokine ELRCXC region was highly conserved in all sequences.Conclusion HCMV-UL146 genes showed a high degree of polymorphism,and its encoded chemokine ELRCXC region was highly con-served.The relationship between HCMV-UL146 gene′s polymorphism and different clinical symptoms of HCMV infection was unclear.

Objective To observe the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii(SB) on interleukin-17, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 of inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) rats which were induced by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid( TNBS) . Methods Balb/c female rats were randomly divided into three groups,normal group,TNBS group and TNBS+SB group. TNBS method was used to set up IBD rat models. TNBS group:the mice were injected by 5％ TNBS 0. 1 ml+50％ ethanol 0. 1 ml per mouse from rectum for 5 days,and then were filled in stomach by normal saline 0. 1 ml on the 2nd day for 2 weeks;TNBS+SB group:the mice were injected by 5％ TNBS 0. 10 ml+50％ ethanol 0. 10 ml per mouse from rectum for 5 days,and then were filled in stomach by SB (SB no less than 109 CFU/ml) 0. 1 ml on the 2nd day for 2 weeks;the normal group:the mice were injected by 50％ ethanol 0. 2 ml per mouse from rectum for 5 days, and then were filled in stomach by normal saline 0. 1 ml on the 2nd day for 2 weeks. At the 15th day,the general situation of mice were observed,serum and colon tissue was collected. Alterations of colon inflamma-tion were observed by means of haematoxylin-eosin ( HE);the level of IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-β1 in serum were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-β1 in colon tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results The IL-17 level of serum and colon tissue in-creased(P<0. 05),but IL-10(P<0. 05) and TGF-β1(P<0. 05)decreased in TNBS group compared with those in the normal group. The level of IL-17 in TNBS+SB group was lower than that in TNBS group( P<0. 05),but the levels of IL-10(P<0. 05) and TGF-β1(P<0. 05)were higher than those in TNBS group. Compared with the normal group,the level of IL-17 in TNBS+SB group increased ( P<0. 05 ) , but IL-10 (P<0.05) and TGF-β1(P <0.05)decreased. Conclusion The expression of cytokine IL-17 increase, IL-10 and TGF-β1 decrease in peripheral blood and colon tissue of IBD. SB may ameliorate the intestinal inflammatory response of IBD by balancing the expression of IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-β1.

Objective To establish the inflammatory bowel disease model of mice by Trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid(TNBS).To investigate the correlation between the IBD and SIgA level and the effect of Clostridium butyricum,Bifidobacterium infantis single or combined on sIgA expression.Methods BABL/c mice were randomly divided into:WT group,TNBS group,CB group,BB group and CB + BB group.After 2 weeks,the general situation and weight change of mice was evaluated.Then the mice were sacrificed to collect colon tissue.The inflammation of each group was observed by HE staining.The expression of sIgA were respectively located and measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results TNBS group showed more pathological changes in the colon than the WT group,CB group,BB group and CB + BB group;the expressions of sIgA in colon were mainly located in intestinal lumen and lamina propria of intestinal villus;the level of sIgA in colon and tissue decreased in the TNBS group compared with WT group(P ＜ 0.01;P ＜ 0.01);the level of sIgA in colon and tissue increased ín the CB group and BB group compared with TN-BS group(P ＜0.01;P ＜0.01;P ＜0.01;P ＜ 0.01).There is no significant difference between CB group and BB group(P ＞ 0.05).The level of sIgA in colon and tissue increased in the CB +BB group compared with CB group or BB group(P ＜0.01;P ＜0.01).Conclusion The change of sIgA content is related to the occurrence of IBD.CB and BB can both promote sIgA production in IBD mice and reduce the inflammatory reaction.The combination of the two probiotics shows stronger effect than single one.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases with unknown etiology and pathogenesis.It usually presents chronic diarrhea, mucous bloody stool, recurrent abdominal pain and other non-specific intestinal manifestations, and it is also accompanied by recurrent fever, growth delay.More studies show that IBD not only affects the intestinal function, but also involves the external organs of the body.The most involved organs include the mouth, joints, skin and eyes.Its pathogenesis is related to genetic susceptibility, immune system disorder and the influence of intestinal microbiota.In addition, the extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease can occur several years before and after diagnosis, which can easily cause delay in diagnosis.Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the various manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease and develop a treatment plan.This review will state the recent progress of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in children.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the intestine of unknown origin.It is currently thought to be mediated by a combination of susceptibility genes, intestinal microecology and immune involvement, with all three interacting and influencing each other.This leads to a disruption of the intestinal microenvironment, which affects the host′s immune tolerance, and ultimately induces intestinal inflammation.In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of intestinal microbiota in children with inflammatory bowel disease and discussed new ideas of microecological agents for individualized treatment of children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Henoch Schonlein purpura(HSP), also known as immunoglobulin A vasculitis, is the most common vasculitis in children, which involves skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints and kidney.Glucocorticoid is the conventional treatment for HSP patients with digestive system symptoms.Antacids, including H 2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors, are often used in combination with glucocorticoids in order to avoid the adverse reactions of glucocorticoids therapy.Antacids may play a role in the treatment of HSP patients by alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms, adjuvant treatment of secondary acute pancreatitis, inhibiting Helicobacter pylori and reducing the adverse reactions of glucocorticoids.However, there are few studies and more exploration is needed.