Orexins are a class of important hypothalamic neuropeptides,including type A and B. Orexins are associated w ith numerous physiological functions, including sleep-aw akening, energy balance, endocrine and visceral functions, and they also have certain relations w ith the pathophysiological changes, such as drow siness and drug abuse. In recent years, the pathophysiological role and mechanism, as w el as the clinical significance of orexins in cerebrovascular diseases are causing concern. This article summarizes the roles of orexins and focuses on the roles of orexin A in cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the formaldehyde pollution in a tunnel. Methods The concentration of formaldehyde was determined in rooms for different function,in rooms with different number of furniture,in different position in a tunnel and at different time of using air cleaner in Oct. 2006. Results The total rate of exceed standard of formaldehyde level in the tunnel was 82.9%,the rate of exceed standard in the rooms disposed by all the furniture was 100%,the rate of exceed standard in the front of the tunnel was lowest (63.6%). Using the air cleaner,the rate of exceed standard decreased in degree. Conclusion The main source of formaldehyde pollution in a tunnel is furniture,formaldehyde is the main air pollutant in a tunnel.

Since it has been found that autoimmune thyroid diseases (Graves' disease and moyamoya disease) may have a causal relationship mediated by immune mechanism, the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and cerebrovascular diseases has attracted more and more attention. Recent studies have shown that thyroid antibody abnormalities can affect the occurrence and development of vascular events. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and intracranial artery stenosis and the related mechanism.

Objective To investigate the relationship between different types of acute ischemic stroke in elderly patients and serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL),blood sugar,C-reactive protein(CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels.Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction (group A) and 30 heathy patients (group B)were investigated.The levels of serum OX-LDL,blood sugar,CRP and IL-6 were detected by automatic biochemical analysis.Results The levels of OX-LDL(627.2 ± 174.7 ) μg/L,blood sugar ( 8.8 ± 1.7 ) mmol/L,CRP ( 107.5 ±19.4)mg/L and IL-6(79.5 ± 12.1 )ng/L in patients of group A were significantly higher than group B[ OX-LDL(506.1 ± 152.4) μg/L,blood sugar(6.9 ± 1.5) mmol/L,CRP(87.2 ± 13.6) mg/L and IL-6(58.5 ± 10.3) ng/L](t=2.74,3.18,2.61,2.91,allP＜0.05).Conclusion Elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction were closely related to the elevated levels of plasma OX-LDL,blood sugar,CRP and IL-6.Increased plasma OX-LDL was a risk factor for the main artery atherosclerosis type,and hyperglycemia was primary factor for the small artery atherosclerosis type of acute cerebral infarction.

With depth understanding of the mechanism of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) protein,more and more studies have found that HLA-G is closely related with tumor immune escape.Numerous studies have shown that the expression of HLA-G protein and mRNA could be detected in patients with cancer.

hMSH6 is one of the most important members in the mismatch repair family. Its polymorphism is closely related to the pathogenesis and development of neoplasm, particularly in colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. Moreover, it has been suggested to play a more important role in endometrial cancer compared with hMLH1 and hMSH2.

Objective:To explore the effects of Ganoderma Lucidum spore on the immunity of the immunosuppression mice with Glucocorticiods(GC).Methods:Different dosages of Ganoderma Lucidum spore were intragastriced to the immunosuppression mice with Glucocorticiods, and the weight of the immune organs and the phagocytic function of the macrophages and neutrophile,the expression in of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD49b+ and CD19+ in the blood cell were measured;And the total complement activity, the content of the cytokine and the valence of hemolysin in the mice serum were detected.Results:The immune function of the GC immunosuppression mice were remarkable effected with Ganoderma Lucidum spore, it could significantly increase the index of the thymus and spleen, improve the valence of hemolysin and the phagocytic function of the macrophages and neutrophile of the mice.The total complement activity, the content of the cytokine in serum,and the quantity of T,B and NK cell in the mice blood were influenced by Ganoderma Lucidum spore.Conclusion:The results show that Ganoderma Lucidum spore remarkable effect on the immunity of the immunosuppression mice with GC, and it can promote accommodation the immune function of mouse.

Objective To optimize the method for total DNA extraction and RAPD analysis of Nervilia fordii (NF),and to study the genetic diversity of different breeds of NF,the substitute of NF and the fake of NF at molecular level.Methods We used low-pH extraction medium with high salt to extract total DNA,and used randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) to select polymorphism primer from 49 random primers.Twenty-two kinds of NF samples were analyzed by RAPD,and classified by SPSS.Genetic diversity were estimated by Shonnon's index and Nei's index.Results A higher puritiy of DNA can be obtained from fresh HF than that from medical materials.We selected 19 polymorphism primers for the cluster analysis of fresh NF and dried medical material.For medical materials of NF,the distance of amplification band of small-leave breed is close to that of middle-size leave breed,but is far away from that of,big-leave breed and Nervilia plicata.For the fresh materials of NF,there breeds of Nervilia fordii can be classified into one kind,the distance of fresh NF band is far from that of Nervilia plicata,Pachyrhizus erosus and the cultured breed,and more far awary from that of Plantago asiatica and Centella asiatica.Shonnon's genetic diversity is 0.463,Nei's genetic diversity is 0.267.Intra-population genetic variation is obvious compared to iner-population genetic variation.The estimated gene flow from Gst (Nm) is 0.94.Conclusion The molecular difference in different breeds of Nervilia Fordii can be used to identify Nervilia Fordii.The genetic diversity of Nervilia fordii is mainly caused by the geography environment.

0.05). The notch width index was 0.24?0.05. There was no correlation between the notch width index and the height (r=-0.11), the body weight (r=-0.13), and the age (r=-0.28). Conclusion The notch-view radiographs with 45? flexion of the knee can satisfactorily show the shape and the width of the intercondylar notch. The notch width and the notch width index of the normal knee are (18.9?4.8) mm and 0.24?0.05, respectively. The height and the body weight can′t be used to predict the notch width. The study supplies the radiographic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases related with the femoral intercondylar notch.

Objective To investigate the value of video-assisted thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion with unknown causes.Methods Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy or pleurodesis was performed in 45 cases of pleural effusion unexplained by routine examinations from March 2002 to March 2005.Results The diagnosis was clarified in all the 45 cases.There were 3 cases of malignant effusion,38 cases of tuberculous pleurisy,3 cases of nonspecific effusion,and 1 case of idiopathic pleural effusion.No severe surgical complications occurred.Follow-up checkups for 2~36 months found no recurrence.Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopy is a safe,effective,and micro-traumatic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion.