Objective To investigate the 64-slice spiral CT angiography combined with negative contrast CT cholangiography in the evaluation of resectability of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed.The resectability was observed by the 64-slice spiral CT angiography combined with negative contrast CT cholangiography,and compared with the postoperative results.Results Preoperative CT Bismuth-Corlette classification and postoperative results showed no significant difference (x2 =0.00,0.53,1.96,0.59,2.63,all P ＞ 0.05).Preoperative CT assessed the resectability of 26 cases with hilar cholangiocarcinoma,The intraoperation evaluated resectable 22 cases,the difference was not significant (x2 =1.51,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion 64-slice spiral CT angiography combined with negative contrast CT cholangiography can make a good evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma involving the degree of blood vessels and bile ducts,provide an important basis for the selection of clinical protocols.

Objective To investigate the three-dimensional spatial relationships of the sphenopalatine foramen ( SPF) , vidian canal ( VC ) , and foramen rotundum ( FR ) with regard to an endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa(PPF)using three-dimensional reconstruction of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. Methods The HRCT scans of 17 patients and a cadaver specimen were retrospectively evaluated .The morphology of the SPF, VC, and FR as well as the spatial relationship between the SPF and VC were measured on the image of three -dimensional CT reconstruction.Results The mean diameters of the SPF, VC, and FR were(6.26 ±1.59)mm,(2.35 ± 0.77)mm and(2.75 ±0.77)mm, respectively.The mean distance between the VC and posteroinferior margin of SPF was (4.03 ±1.15) mm.The mean vertical and horizontal distances on the image of three-dimensional CT reconstruction were between the VC and FR were(4.94 ±1.35)mm and(9.22 ±3.07)mm, respectively.The whole or partial margin of the VC was above the inferior margin of the SPF in 92%(33/36) of the VC and lateral to the posterior margin of the SPF in 97%(35/36) of the VC.Conclusion The endoscopic endonasal approach to the PPF is performed with greater safety through comprehension of the spatial relationships between the SPF , VC, and FR.

Information of metabolic enzymes and transporters, physiological parameters of animals and demography of Chinese people were integrated to establish a digital liver model (DLM) based on metabolism and transporter and coded with VBA. Clearance and drug-drug interaction (DDI) of candidate drugs in animal and human could be predicted based on the pharmacokinetic data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pravastatin and pitavastatin were selected as the samples to examine this model, where their clearance and their DDI with cyclosporine were predicted. The results showed that the predicted values of median parameters in same species were within twofold of observed values for 83.3% (5/6). The program's successful prediction in DDI tendency might indicate its application in optimizing the dosage regimen and reducing the risk of clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a plant effective expression vector driven by a fruit specific promoter for the expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), to further improve the expression of exogenous gene in plant, and to prepare for the development of an effective anti-hepatitis vaccine. METHODS: Tomato fruit-specific promoters' gene 2A12 and E8 were respectively introduced to pBPFOmega7 to form pB2A12 and pBE8. The DNA fragment containing HBsAg-s gene from plasmid YEP-HBs was inserted respectively into pB2A12 and pBE8 to form pB2A12-HBs and pBE8-HBs. The fragment containing "p35S+2A12+Omega+HBsAg-s+Tnos" of the pB2A12-HBs was sub-cloned into plasmid pCAMBIA1301 to yield the reconstructed plant binary expression plasmid pCAM2A12-HBs, and the fragment containing "p35S+E8+Omega+HBsAg-s+Tnos" of the pBE8-HBs was sub-cloned into plasmid pCAMBIA1301 to yield the plasmid pCAME8-HBs. The inserted gene HBsAg and fruit-specific promoters in the reconstructed plant binary expression vectors were confirmed by sequencing. Then, pCAM2A12-HBs and pCAME8-HBs were directly introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105. RESULTS: Digestion with restriction enzymes proved that all recombinant vectors had the inserts with expected length of the target fragments, and the sequencing results were confirmed correct. CONCLUSION: In this study, plant expression vector containing HBsAg gene driven by fruit specific promoter and CaMV35s promoter was successfully constructed.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of tobradex in treating delayed anterior uveitis following intraocular lens implantation for patients with cataract.METHODS:19 cases(19 eyes,observation group)were treated with tobradex gutta and tobradex eye ointment,while 11(11 eyes)in control group were treated initially with dexamethasone by iv gtt,followed by prednisone taken at a draught with dosage decreased gradually after 3～5 days plus tropicamide eye drops for mydriasis.RESULTS:After treatment for 3 to 5 days,all patients achieved rapid improvement in inflammation and a favorable turn in visual acuity.No adverse reactions were noted in the observation group during treatment;however,the side effects such as irritation,insomnia,abnormal elevation in blood pressure and serum glucose level were noted in a few cases in the control group.CONCLUSION:Tobradex is effective for treating delayed anterior uveitis after cataract surgery.

This study was aimed to analyze the domestic relevant documents since 1991 involving Si-shen Decoc-tion and its individual component drugs with knee osteoarthritis biomarkers. This article took medical journal databases of CBMdisc, CNKI, SWIC and Wanfang as sources of information, and searched respectively with key words such as knee osteoarthritis and biomarkers, Si-shen Decoction or Leguminosae, Dendrobium,Achyranthes bidentata, Polygala tenuifolia Willd, Lonicera Japonica and biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinase, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, collagen type II C-telopeptide. Bibliometric analysis was given on the acquired relevant documents. The results showed that among 340 documents about knee os-teoarthritis and biomarkers, IL-1, TNF-α and MMPs are mostly used to respond the index of cartilage degenera-tion. Among 565 documents about Si-shen Decoction and its individual component drugs with biomarkers, they are mostly concentrated on the index of TNF-α, IL-1 and oxygen free radical, and the research methods are relatively mature. It was concluded that the bibliometrics method has certain significance in the effect of Si-shen Decoction in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. More study is required to provide evidence in the development of Si-shen Decoction into a specific prescription for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of lentivirus-mediated microRNA-21 RNAi on biological behaviors in human hepatic cancer cells.MethodsMicroRNA-21 specific siRNA gene was synthesized and cloned into the recombinant lentiviral vector,pGCSIL-GFP.HepG2 cells were infected by microRNA-21 siRNA recombinant lentivirus (miR-21-siRNA-Ⅳ).The HepG2 cells were devided into SI group,NC group and N group in vitro.The expression of the targets of miR-21 was detected by RT-PCR.Cell growth was analyzed by MTT assay.The invasion was dectected by tmnswell method.Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33258.BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into SI group and NC group.The growth of transplant tumors in BALB/c nude mice were observed.Results ( 1 ) The expression level of miR-21 was inhibited significantly by miR-21-siRNA-lⅣ.(2) The proliferation of HepG2 was also markedly suppressed in MTT at the 96 h point ( P =0.0031,P ＜ 0.05 ).(3) The number of cells that migrated through the chamber of SI group decreased ( P =0.0004,P ＜ 0.05 ).(4) The cell apopotosis in SI group increased markedly.In addition,the caspase 3 mRNA significantly increased ( P =0.0002,P ＜ 0.05 ).( 5 ) Tumor growth curve was not statistically different between groups ( P =0.0002,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsMicroRNA-21 specific siRNA suppresses the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells and induces tumor cell apoptosis inhibiting the growth of transplanted tumor in Balb/c nude mice.

BACKGROUND: Following trauma caused by seawater, cells often exhibit special pathological changes because of the special physico-chemical properties of seawater.OBJECTIVE: To observe corneal histopathological changes and interleukin-6 level in aqueous humor of a rabbit model of penetrating corneal trauma combined with seawater immersion.METHODS: The rabbit eye models of penetrating corneal trauma caused by firecrackers were established in 16 adult healthy grey rabbits. A 3-mm whole-layer incision was made in the cornea. The right eyes served as experimental sides and the left eyes served as controls. Seawater was injected into the aqueous humor of the right eyes via the corneal incision. The eye surface was flushed with seawater for 30 minutes. Physiological saline was used for the left eyes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Optical microscopy results showed that at 1, 2, 3 days after model establishment, corneal cells on the experimental side exhibited severe necrosis and abscission, obvious swelling of substantia propria layer complicated by cellular infiltration. At 1 and 2 days after model establishment, the pathological changes on the control side were the same as the experimental side, but they were mild, but at 3 and 5 days, they were obviously alleviated. At 1, 2, 3 days after model establishment, interleukin-6 level in aqueous humor was significantly higher on the experimental side than on the control side (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the degree of injury on the experimental side was more severe than that on the control side, indicating that seawater may be an important causative factor of corneal injury.

BACKGROUND: Human body is an irregular geometrical one, so it is very diffcult to measure its volume.OBJECTIVE: To establish multiple regression equations by taking body height and body mass as the independent variables and body volume as the dependent variable, calculate the body volume of female college students and select optimal regression equations.DESIGN: A single-sample univariate analysis.SETTING: Department of Physical Education of Lishui College, Department of Physical Education of Zhejiang University and Academy of police in Zhejiang. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen female students aged 18-22 years were selected from Zhejiang Lishui College.METHODS: Both the body height and body mass indexes of the female students were measured with the nation-ratified constitutional test instrument, and the body volume index was measured with a self-made iron container with a diameter of 0.95 m and height of 1.20 m. There was a scale mark for height in the container, water was poured to a fixed height, then the student slowly immersed herself into the water completely and the height difference was recorded. Body volume (m3)=(0.95÷2)2×3.141 59×height difference. The measured data were statistically calculated. Regression equations were established by taking body height and body mass as the independent variables and body volume as the dependent variable,and the optimal regression equation was selected.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The measured data of body height,body mass and body volume of female students and the calculated results of the regression equations were observed.RESULTS: The measured data of body height, body mass and body volume of 18 female students all entered into the in result analysis ① A regression equation in two unknowns for calculating body volume was established: (y)=-0.031 016+0.000 761×body mass+0.000 267×body height. ②A regression equation in one unknown for body volume and its optimal selection: The linear equation was y=0.001×body mass+0.000 8; the logarithm equation was y=0.005 1Ln (body mass)-0.15; the power equation was (y)=0.001×body mass0.9909; the exponent equation was y =0.0192×e0.0188x.and the multiple correlation coefficient R2=0.9497-0.9591, all were close to 1, indicating that the body volume predicted by models was highly correlated with the actual one (r ＞ r0.001(18-2), P ＜ 0.001), the predicted values of the 4 models were not different from the actual one. ③ Analyzing from the simplicity of calculation and the economic way of index measurement, Logarithm equation is the best in the 5 regression equations. ④ The body volume covered body shape, physical function and Physique.CONCLUSION: The index of body volume is one of the important indexes, which cannot be neglected in the study of Physique. Analyzing from the simplicity of calculation and the economic way of index measurement, Logarithm equation is the best.

Objective To observe the effects of low frequency electrical stimulation (LFES) on the proliferation of endogenous brain neural stem cells (NSCs) and on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in rats with acute cerebral infarction; to explore the therapeutic mechanism of LFES in improving neural function. Methods Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into a LFES group, a placebo stimulation group and a sham-operated group. Each group was further divided into 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day subgroups, with 6 rats in each subgroup. An acute cerebral infarction model was induced in the rats of the LFES and placebo stimulation groups by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Three days after the operation, rats in the LFES group began LFES treatment (frequency 30 Hz, pulse width 250 μs, current intensity 3 mA, 10 min/d) ,while the placebo stimulation group was treated identically but without electricity. The rats in the sham-operated group had no special treatment. The expression of nestin positive cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of bFGF, EGF proteins and mRNA in the ischemic hemisphere was detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. A screen test was applied to evaluate motor function. Results Nestin-positive cells in the subgranular and subventricular zones of rats in the LFES group increased significantly more than in the placebo stimulation group at the 7th and 14th day. The expression of bFGF, EGF proteins and mRNA in the ischemic hemisphere was up-regulated compared to the placebo stimulation group at the 7th and 14th day. At the 14th day a difference in motor function was observed in rats in the LFES group compared with the placebo stimulation group. Conclusion LFES can promote the proliferation of endogenous brain NSCs and the expression of bFGF and EGF in rats with acute cerebral infarction. It can also improve motor function and enhance neural plasticity in the brain.