Orexins are a class of important hypothalamic neuropeptides,including type A and B. Orexins are associated w ith numerous physiological functions, including sleep-aw akening, energy balance, endocrine and visceral functions, and they also have certain relations w ith the pathophysiological changes, such as drow siness and drug abuse. In recent years, the pathophysiological role and mechanism, as w el as the clinical significance of orexins in cerebrovascular diseases are causing concern. This article summarizes the roles of orexins and focuses on the roles of orexin A in cerebrovascular diseases.

The portable high frequency (HF) X-ray machine for field use is introduced in this paper, which applies HF technology and the microcomputer. Compared with the traditional one, it has many new functions such as the self-motion exposal, real-time inspection and display, the alarm of the failure and the automatic disposal. With the advanced technology, it has overcome the deficiencies of the traditional one, including the overweight, bulkiness and unportability. Equipped with the portable mobile shelf, this machine is fit for field operations.

Objective To investigate the ability of auto-dermis grafts in the prevention of epidural fibrosis and adhesions, and provide reference for clinical application. Methods Five Tibet mini-pigs were used and laminectomy was performed in lumbar 2 and 4 segment. Dura was exposed and covered with auto-genous dermis grafts in lumbar 2 (the experimental group), without grafts in lumbar 4 (the autogeoous blank group). The specimens were observed grossly and histologically at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks postoperatively. Epidural scar amount and adhere range was evaluated by modified Robertson scoring method and analyzed by SPSS 13.0. No sear and adhesion, 0 point; small amount scar and light-range adhesion, 1 point; medium sear and midrange adhesion, 2 pionts; bulk scar ang high-range adhesion, 3 pionts. Results All grafted dermis survived and thicken obviously than dermis in body surface (P< 0.05). Hair growth, sebaceous gland cyst and sweat cystogenesis were not observed. A larvaceous dissection abruption plane, little cicatricial tis-sue and adhesions rarefaction between dermis and dura were observed in the experimental group. Massive ei-catricial tissue from erector spinae filled in cavitas epiduralis was observed and dura was separated difficult-ly from cicatricial tissue in the autogeous blank group. Epidural scar amount and adhesion range in the ex-perimental group was significantly lower than the blank group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Dermis is a kind of favourable biomaterial with restraining cicatrisation and isolation barrier. Autogenous dermis grafts has the best effect on preventing peridural cicatrisation and adhesion after laminectomy.

Selection of CR and DR is very important for digital radiology departments in modern hospitals. This paper discusses the components of CR and DR as well as their technical requirements.

Objective To observe the curative effect of treating CHD angina pectoris with the therapy of clearing away heat and detoxification. Methods Sixty patients with angina pectoris were randomly recurited into two groups, a trial group and a control group. The trial group was treated by Chinese medicine which has the efficacy of clearing away heat and detoxification (Qingre-Jiedu decoction) and conventional therapy of Isosorbide Mononitrate tablets as same as the control group. The period of treatment was 4 weeks. Compare the curative effect and the change of ECG between the two groups after the treatment. Results After the treatment,the curative effect and the change of ECG of the trial group were both better than the control group with significant difference (P< 0.05). Conclusion It was better to treat coronary heart disease with the management of clearing away heat and detoxification and western medicine than that with western medicine only.

Objective To explore the accuracy of college students' social cognition of their acquaintances' personalities, and the differences in accuracy between male and female students. Methods 84 participants were tested with Big Five Inventory to evaluate their acquaintances' personalities, while their acquaintances were tested to evaluate their own personalities.Results In the female group, a correlation between the participants' perceptions of their acquaintances and the acquaintances' self-perception turned out to be significant in dimension of extroversion(r=0.564,P<0.01) and in openness(r=0.508,P<0.01);however, in dimensions of neuroticism,extroversion and conscientiousness,significant differences were found (21.20±3.95 vs 24.76±5.01,t=4.254,P<0.01;27.33±5.36 vs 25.42±5.53,t=2.519,P<0.05; 30.76±5.18 vs 28.51±4.85, t=2.384,P<0.05);In the male group, correlation only existed in extroversion (r=0.404,P<0.05); in dimensions of extroversion and conscientiousness, differences were significant (28.28±5.21 vs 25.90±5.10,t=2.646,P<0.05;30.75±5.37 vs 28.18±5.81,t=2.315,P<0.05). Conclusions The accuracy of college students' social cognition of their acquaintances' personalities varies both in personality dimensions and in gender; students tend to evaluate their acquaintances' personalities as those which will conform to social expectancy or be of a benefit to their acquaintances.

Objective To investigate the value of video-assisted thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion with unknown causes.Methods Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy or pleurodesis was performed in 45 cases of pleural effusion unexplained by routine examinations from March 2002 to March 2005.Results The diagnosis was clarified in all the 45 cases.There were 3 cases of malignant effusion,38 cases of tuberculous pleurisy,3 cases of nonspecific effusion,and 1 case of idiopathic pleural effusion.No severe surgical complications occurred.Follow-up checkups for 2~36 months found no recurrence.Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopy is a safe,effective,and micro-traumatic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion.

Objective To evaluate surgical results an d choice of various procedures for hypospadias repair in boys.323 cases of hypospa dias were treated from 1995-2002,and of these,205 boys whose average age was 5.1 years had underwent different surgical procedure for hypospadias. M ethods 205 boys with hypospadias were retrospectively analysed.MAGPA (5 cases),Mathieu(7),Onlay island flap(9) were given to boys of hypospadias wit hout chordee.Duckett procedure (127),Modified Denis-Browne (16),Bladder mucosa graft technique (16),Duckett plus Duplay techniques(25) were adopted for hypospa dias with chordee. Results There were 19 cases with uret hra fistula and 1 case with external orifice stricture of urethra.The success ra te for all cases was 90.2%,and morbidity of all complications was 9.8%.The compl ication for Duckett techniques was 7.8%(10/127),Modified Denis-Browne 12.5%(2/1 6),Mathieu 28.6%(2/7),Duplay plus Duckett 16.0%(4/25),Bladder mucosa graft techn ique 6.3%(1/16) and Onlay 11.2%(1/9). Conclusions It is suggested that a complete mastery of applications for different surgical approac h and a proper selection of various surgical methods according to individual pat ient’s condition can reduce complication of operation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and distributing feature of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population.MethodsFour-stage selected random samples aged 30-89 years from Tacheng,Yili and Aletai were analyzed.An epidemical study of AF was performed including inquiring medical history,recording electrocardiogram and auscultation. ResultsA total of 22 514 adults were surveyed.The prevalence of AF in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population was 0.37％,which was increasing with aging.The prevalence was higher in men than in women (0.5％ vs 0.2％,P ＜0.01 ).In AF patients,23 was valvular AF.Ischemic stroke was the most frequent type and the stroke rate in the patients with AF was significantly higher than that without AF (6.0％ vs 1.2％,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe prevalence of AF in Xinjiang Kazaks adult population is lower than the reported national prevalence but patients with AF in this population would not like to take the necessary medicine. Therefore,the control of AF need to be reinforced.

This study was aimed to analyze the domestic relevant documents since 1991 involving Si-shen Decoc-tion and its individual component drugs with knee osteoarthritis biomarkers. This article took medical journal databases of CBMdisc, CNKI, SWIC and Wanfang as sources of information, and searched respectively with key words such as knee osteoarthritis and biomarkers, Si-shen Decoction or Leguminosae, Dendrobium,Achyranthes bidentata, Polygala tenuifolia Willd, Lonicera Japonica and biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinase, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, collagen type II C-telopeptide. Bibliometric analysis was given on the acquired relevant documents. The results showed that among 340 documents about knee os-teoarthritis and biomarkers, IL-1, TNF-α and MMPs are mostly used to respond the index of cartilage degenera-tion. Among 565 documents about Si-shen Decoction and its individual component drugs with biomarkers, they are mostly concentrated on the index of TNF-α, IL-1 and oxygen free radical, and the research methods are relatively mature. It was concluded that the bibliometrics method has certain significance in the effect of Si-shen Decoction in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. More study is required to provide evidence in the development of Si-shen Decoction into a specific prescription for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.