OBJECTIVE:To study the current situation on the research of pharmacoeconomics of antineoplastics.METHO-DS:The pharmacoeconomic research papers on antitumor drugs published in domestic academic magazines over the 10 years ever since 1995 were evaluated by tabulating of the items.RESULTS:Only a preliminary pharmacoeconomic study on antitumor drugs has been done,however,which are far from standardized and perfect.CONCLUSION:The pharmacoeconomic study on antitumor drugs in itself has its complexity,which should be standardized so as to make the study results applicable further.

Angiogenesis and invasion are two remarkable features of spongioblastoma,which lead to the failure of clinical treatment.With the development of the glioma（s） molecular biology mechanism in the realm of angiogenesis,some anti-angiogenesis drugs have got a positive therapeutic efficacy in the clinical trials,such as bevacizumab.However,it is reported that these drugs maybe also enhance the invasion and migration ability of glioma cells in the process of anti-angiogenesis therapy.Matrix metalloproteinases,hypoxia induced factor-1 and the inositol-requiring enzyme-1 maybe have some correlations with the change of the invasion and migration,but the molecular biological mechanism needs further research.

Objective To explore the effect of different concentrations of ALLN on proliferation and apoptosis of C2C12 myoblasts.Methods After intervention with Ca2+ and ALLN,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and flow cytometry were used to determine the effect of Ca2+ and ALLN on the proliferation and apoptosis of C2C12 cells,respectively.The morphological changes of C2C12 myoblasts were observed using Giemsa staining.Results The absorbance of Ca2 + group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜0.05).After 6,12,24,36 hours of intervention,the absorbance in ALLN groups 1 to 7 (cultured in serum-free media containing 16 mmol/L Ca2+ and ALLN at final concentrations of 3.125,6.25,12.5,25,50,100,200 μmol/L) were all significantly higher than that in the 16 mmol/L Ca2+ group (after 6 hours:0.449±0.024,0.472±0.022,0.513 ±0.008,0.540±0.014,0.588±0.016,0.607±0.030,0.700±0.020 vs.0.355 ±0.012,all P =0.000; after 12 hours:0.407 ±0.007,0.414 ±0.006,0.434 ±0.004,0.441 ±0.003,0.460 ±0.010,0.484 ± 0.006,0.525 ± 0.006 vs.0.368 ± 0.027,all P =0.000; after 24 hours:0.436±0.005,0.431 ±0.015,0.441 ±0.006,0.459 ±0.013,0.527 ±0.009,0.581 ±0.005,0.599 ±0.011 vs.0.386 ± 0.007,all P =0.000 ; after 36 hours:0.464 ± 0.022,0.460 ± 0.018,0.461 ± 0.007,0.434 ± 0.020,0.454 ± 0.028,0.479 ± 0.006,0.524 ± 0.011 vs.0.379 ± 0.011,all P =0.000),while no significant differences were observed after 48-72 hours of intervention.After treatment for 36 hours,the apoptosis rate in ALLN 10,50,100,and 200 μmol/L groups were (6.00 ± 1.20) ％,(5.02 ± 1.13) ％,(4.89±1.11)％,and (2.71 ± 1.15)％,all significantly lower than that in the Ca2+ group [(13.70 ±2.30)％] (all P =0.000).Giemsa staining showed apoptotic morphological changes in the Ca2+ group,which were obviously alleviated in the ALLN group.Conclusions Ca2+ at a concentration of 16mmol/L can induce apoptosis of C2C12 cells.In contrast,ALLN can inhibit cell apoptosis and promote proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner.

Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect of ulinastatin combined with dexamethasone on blast-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits.Methods Thirty-eight New Zealand white rabbits with blast-induced ALI were divided into four groups according to the random number table:injury group (n =8),treatment group Ⅰ (dexamethasone alone,n =10),treatment group Ⅱ (ulinastatin alone,n =10),combination therapy group (dexamethasone + ulinastatin,n =10).In addition,8 uninjured rabbits were randomly selected as control group.Treatment groups were given relevant medication by intramuscular injection at 0.5,12,24,36 and 48 hours after successful modeling.Injury group and control group were given equal volume of isotonic saline at the same time.Parameters of respiratory rate,oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2),TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and neutrophil elastase (NE)were detected before and afterfirst treatment at 6,24,48 and 72 hours.All rabbits were sacrificed after 72 hoars to detect TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and NE contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and to measure wet to dry lung weight ratio.HE staining was performed to observe pathological changes of lung tissues Results In contrast,respiratory rate was high in injury group at each time point,which increased to the peak (75.0 ± 7.4) times/min at 6 hours far higher than (33.0 ± 4.5) times/min in control group (P ＜0.01).Wet to dry lung weight ratio and TNF-α,IL-6 as well as IL-8 contents of the peripheral blood and BAI.F in injury group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜0.01).PaO2/ FiO2 in injury group was decreased to the lowest level of (180.5 ± 12.6)mmHg at 72 hours far lower than (403.7-8.0)mmHg in control group (P ＜0.01).While improvements were observed in treatment groups with respect to these indicators,and significantly much better results were detected in combination therapy group rather than in treatment groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Ulinastatin combined with dexamethasone is an effective therapy on blast-induced ALI in rabbits,and the effect is significantly better than that with single use of uliinastatin or dexamethasone.

Objective To summarize the experience of intraoperative rapid parathyroid hormone (PTH) detection by immunochromatography in thyroid surgery.Methods Patients undergoing thyroid surgery in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from Nov.2016 to Jul.2017 were collected and the clinical data including level of blood calcium,serum phosphorus and PTH,and pathological findings were analyzed.Results In this study,im munochromatographic assay was used in 45 cases (experimental group) and nano carbon method was used in 47 cases (control group).In benign cases,levels of blood calcium and PTH in experimental group were higher than those in the control group ((2.07±0.09) vs (2.04±0.06) and (3.41±1.82) vs (3.34±1.84),P＞0.05).In malignant cases,blood calcium level in experimental group was higher than that in the control group ((2.02±0.13) vs (1.99±0.38),P＞0.05) and PTH level was significantly higher than that in the control group ((2.22±1.27) vs (1.44±1.44),P＜0.05).Serum phosphorus level in experimental group group was much lower than that in the control group ((1.02±0.17) vs (1.14±0.23),P＜0.05).Conclusions Using intraoperative rapid PTH detection by immunochromatography can identify parathyroid and avoid accidental injury of parathyroid gland,which can reduce the postoperative incidence of hypocalcemia.

Objective To investigate the changes in corneal astigmatism after trabeculectomy using removable suture and the duration of postoperative diopter stabilization.Methods From June 2014 to July 2016,70 primary glaucoma patients (70 eyes) were enrolled and divided into two groups,including experimental group 40 patients (40 eyes) with trabeculectomy using removable suture and control group 30 patients (30 eyes) with trabeculectomy alone.Then,several variables of corneal topography,corneal curvature,diopter and intraocular pressure were recorded and analyzed before operation and 1 week (before removal of the suture),1 month and 3 months after surgery.Results In the two groups,postoperative diopter and intraocular pressure at each time point approached significant difference (all P ＜ 0.01).There was significant difference in comparison of corneal astigmatism 1 week after surgery (3.80 ± 1.31) D and preoperative corneal astigmatism (1.48 ± 0.79) D in experimental group,and this was true of the control group for corneal astigmatism 1 week after surgery [(1.42 ± 0.32)] and preoperative data (1.12 ± 0.36) D (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,corneal astigmatism 1 month and 3 months after surgery in the experimental group was (1.50 ± 0.71) D and (1.36 ± 0.61) D,and this data in the control group was (1.24 ± 0.31) D and (1.09 ±0.34)D respectively,and their differences was not statistically significant compared with the control group (all P ＞ 0.05).There was significant difference in the corneal astigmatism 1 week after operation (P ＜ 0.01),while there was no significant difference in this variable 1 month and 3 months after operation between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Although the corneal astigmatism 1 month after operation was enhanced compared with 3 months after operation,but the difference was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).In addition,the number of with-the-rule astigmatism in the experimental group and the control group were 33 eyes and 22 eyes respectively (P =0.36).Conclusion The corneal astigmatism caused by trabeculectomy using removable suture was significantly enhanced in the early period,but it decrease easily in 1 month after removing the suture,with keeping stable in 3 months and getting with-the-rule astigmatism 3 months after surgery.

Physical continuity of bone is damaged following bone defects. The use of exogenous bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) treatment depends on appropriate carrier, which releases exogenous BMP and other growth factor into the bone defect site, inducing new bone formation and achieving therapeutic purposes. There are many carrier materials for BMP, including inorganic material, synthetic polymers, biological material, and composites of these three materials. But all have some deficiencies. So many researchers have optimized them by combined, physical and chemical methods to improve the bone inductive activity. BMP, which is released from carrier or local gene, can repair bone defect effectively, affording a new way for bone defect repairing.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression and clinical significance ofaquaporin (AQP) 1 and AQP 4 in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma H1299 cell line.MethodsH1299 cell line in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma(pulmonary adenocarcinoma group) were obtained,the expressions of AQP1 and AQP4 in mRNA level and their locations were determined in H1299 cell line respectively by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis.The migration of tumor cells were observed by Matrigel invasion assay.Then normal tissues adjacent of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (above cancer line 3 cm,no tumor cell with pathological proven) were as control group.ResultsThe results of RT-PCR showed that AQP1,AQP4 mRNA was 1.030 ± 0.070 and 1.140 ± 0.190 in conlrol group,which were lower than those in pulmonary adenocarcinoma group (2.021 ± 0.250 and 2.180 ±0.180)(P＜0.05 ).The results of Western blot showed AQP1,AQP4 located on the membrane of H1299 cell.Both AQPI and AQP4 mRNA expressed very high in pulmonary adenocarcinoma group,while expressed very low in control group (P＜0.05).Matrigel invasion assay showed that the invasion was positively related to AQP1,AQP4(r =0.351,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionAQP1,AQP4 significantly over express in H1299 cell line,both of them phy important roles in the growth of tumor tissue and cell migration.

Objective To study the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on blood gas analysis in rabbits with acute lung injury (ALI) after an explosion.Methods A total of 24 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were made to be ALI models by an explosion at a distance of 11 cm.The rabbits met the criteria of ALI,and were randomly (random number) divided into A and B groups.In group B,rabbits received UTI injected at 0.5 h,6 h,12 h,24 h after modeling.In group A,an equal volume of saline was given to rabbits instead at the same intervals after modeling.Arterial blood pH,carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and partial pressure of blood oxygen (PaO2) were determined by a portable blood gas analyzer before modeling and at given intervals after modeling.All rabbits were sacrificed after 48 h later.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed with naked eye and extent of lung injury with HE staining.Results Compared with group A,pulmonary edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lungs of rabbits in group B were less significant.The blood gas analysis showed there were significant difference in pH at 24 h after injury between group A (7.24 ± 0.07) and group B (7.35 ± 0.06),P ＜ 0.05.There was significant difference in PaO2 at 24 h after injury between group A (50.5 ± 9.9) mmHg and group B (78.1 ± 8.4) mmHg,P ＜ 0.05.And there was significant difference in PaCO2 at 24 h after injury between group A (52.4 ± 5.5) mmHg and group B (42.8 ± 4.5) mmHg,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusion UTI can significantly reduce acidosis,PaCO2 and increase PaO2 in rabbits with ALI following a blast,improving oxygenation and mitigating lung histopathological changes.

Objective To explore the apphcation of the integrated teaching method of PBL and TBL based on cases in pharmacology teaching.Method Ninety-two students majored in Pharmaceutical Preparations were selected into the control group,and 184 students majored in pharmacy were enrolled into the experimental group.The teaching effect was comprehensively evaluated by using the combination of theoretical examination and student feedback.Results In the experimental group,the average score of students in Pharmacology (73.68 ± 9.40) was significantly higher than that of the control group (67.34 ± 7.18),and the feedback of the students in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group.Conclusion Compared with the traditional teaching method,the integrated teaching method can significantly improve the students' theoretical examination results and students' learning interest.