Object To study and identify the chemical constituents of Bombyx Batryticatus. Methods The constituents were isolated from the above materials by column chromatography using silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, purified by crystallization, and identified by spectroscopic methods. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified. They are 6-methoxy-7-O-?-D-(4′-methoxy) glucopyranosyl coumarin (Ⅰ), ergost-6, 22-dien-3?, 5?, 8?-triol (Ⅱ), palmitic acid (Ⅲ), meso-erythritol (Ⅳ), D-mannitol (Ⅴ), uracil (Ⅵ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅶ), and daucosterol (Ⅷ). Conclusion Coumpound Ⅰ is a new coumarin glycoside.

To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Lygodium japonicum. Methods:Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods. Results:A new stigmasterol glycoside,(24R)-stigmastan-3β,5α,6β-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),together with three known phenolic glycosides:6-O-p-coumaroyl-D-glucopyranose (2),6-O-caffeoyl-D-glucopyranose (3),1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-D-gentiobiose (4) were obtained and identified by spectroscopic methods. Conclusion:All compounds were isolated from Lygodiaceae for the first time.

A new benzene derivative microintegerrin C (1) and a new norsesquiterpenoid microintegerrin D (2), along with six known compounds (3-8), were isolated and identified from stems and leaves of Micromelum integerrimum by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-18 column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were mainly identified based on the spectral data analysis such as 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-EI-MS. All known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the necrosis target of MRI contrast agent based on rhein.The novel ligand 10-{ [6-(1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-carboxamido) hexyl] amino} acetyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A-rhein) was synthesized by two-step acylation and two-step deprotection.The paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium 10-{ [6-(1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-carboxamido) hexyl] amino} acetyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7-triacetate (Gd-DO3A-rhein) was obtained by coordination of Gd3+ with the synthesized ligand.Its necrosis affinity was evaluated by liver infarction and muscular necrosis on rat models.The MRI was performed before administration of Gd-DO3A-rhein and during 0 h to 12 h after administration of Gd-DO3A-rhein (0.1 mmol/kg),respectively,and Gd-DOTA was used as control.After MRI scanning,rats were sacrificed and necrotic tissues were stained using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE).MRI images of liver infarction and muscular necrosis on rat models showed significantly enhanced signal intensity compared with normal tissues.The contrast ratios of necrotic liver/normal liver were 1.61 ±0.14 and 2.36 ±0.20 at 3 h and 12 h postinjection of Gd-DO3A-rhein (0.1 mmol/kg) respectively,demonstrating a significant difference compared with pre-administration of Gd-DO3A-rhein (1.16 ±0.10;P ＜ 0.05).The same results were obtained from necrotic muscles.These findings suggested that Gd-DO3A-rhein possessed the necrosis target and imaging capability of necrotic tissues.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Castleman Disease ; immunology ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnostic Errors ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Kidney ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Diseases ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Pancreas ; Plasma Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Submandibular Gland ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum.

METHODThe chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of L. lucidum were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical properties.

RESULTTwenty compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid (1), crategolic acid (2), acetyl oleanolic acid (3), lupeol (4), betulin (5), dammarenediol-II (6), 3beta-acetyl-20, 25-epoxydammarane-24alpha-ol (7), 25-epoxydammarane-3beta, 24alpha-diol (8), dammar-24-ene-3beta-acetyl-20S-ol) (9), 20S, 24R-dammarane-25-ene-24-hydroperoxy-3beta, 20-diol (10), fouquierol (11), oliganthas A (12), dammarenediol II 3-O-palmitate (13), ocotillol II 3-O-palmitate (14), (E) -25-hydroperoxydammar-23-ene-3beta,20-diol (15), verbascoside (16), cimidahurinine (17), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (18), osmanthuside H (19), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol (20).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 4, 16,17, 19 were isolated from this plant for the first time, andcompounds 12-15 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

In order to explore the therapeutic effects and preliminary mechanism of gypenosides (GP) on hypercholesterolemia, as well as the protective effect on liver injury induced by high-dose simvastatin and high cholesterol diet (HCD), the hypercholesterolemia model of golden hamster was established by high cholesterol diet. The experimental animals were divided into blank group, model group, GP low and high dose groups (60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg), simvastatin group (10 mg/kg), and GP high dose combined with simvastatin group (120 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg).The efficacy was investigated through dynamic monitoring serum cholesterol and liver function related indexes after drug treatment of 14 and 23 days. The results showed that GP could significantly reduce the levels of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), increase the level of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and reduce the secretion of PCSK9. It is suggested that GP has a good therapeutic effect on HCD diet-induced hypercholesterolemia hamsters, which may be related to its inhibition of PCSK9 secretion. In addition, GP can significantly ameliorate liver damage caused by HCD diet and high-dose simvastatin. These findings provide a scientific basis and useful reference for the combination of GP and statins to reduce toxicity and increase efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the stems of Cudrania tricuspidata.

METHODThe chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of C. tricuspidata were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical properties.

RESULTThirteen compounds were isolated and identified as butyrospermyl acetate (1), glutinol (2), taraxerone (3), quercetin (4), kaempferol (5), isorhamnetin (6), orobol (7), 3'-O-methyorobol (8), taxifolin (9), naringenin (10), steppogenin (11), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyx-anthone (12), 5,7-dihydroxy chromone (13).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3, 6, 13 were isolated from this genus for the first time, while compound 12 was isolated from this plant for the first time and we firstly reported the terpenoids from the genus Cudrania.

Tumor suppressor gene O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation has been reported in melanoma. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of MGMT promoter methylation in patients with melanoma remained to be determined. A systematic search was performed to identify eligible papers published. The overall odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Final 12 eligible publications involving Caucasian population were performed in this study, including 1,071 metastatic melanoma patients, 154 primary melanoma patients, and 211 normal controls. MGMT promoter methylation was significantly higher in primary or metastatic melanoma than in normal controls (p < 0.05). No difference of MGMT promoter methylation was found in primary and metastatic melanoma (p=0.432). When metastatic melanoma was compared to normal controls, subgroup analysis showed the correlation between MGMT promoter methylation and different sample materials (tissue: OR=7.01, p < 0.001 and blood: OR=12.04, p=0.005). MGMT promoter methylation was not associated with response to drug therapy and the prognosis in overall survival and progression-free survival for multivariate analysis. Our results show that MGMT promoter methylation may be correlated with the increased risk of primary or metastatic melanoma. Based on blood samples, MGMT promoter methylation may become a noninvasive biomarker for the detection of metastatic melanoma. Further additional clinical studies are necessary.
Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Methylation* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the nonvolatile chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of the stems of Pogostemon cablin.

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated and identified as tilianin (1), diosmetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3"-O-methylcrenatoside (3), uracil (4), soya-cerebroside I and II (5), agastachoside (6), apigenin-7-O-(3", 6"-di-(E) -p-coumaroyl) -beta-D-galactopyranoside (7), 5-hydroxy-3, 3', 4', 7- tetramethoxy flavone (8), 4', 5-dihydroxy-3, 3', 7-trimethoxyflavone (9), acacetin (10), crenatoside (11), isocrenatoside (12).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2, 4-7, 10 were isolated from the genus Pogostemon for the first time.