Epilepsy is a serious chronic neurological disorder that can be detected by analysing the brain signals generated by brain neurons, with electroencephalography (EEG) becoming a key tool in the diagnosis of epilepsy. The application of specific methods for processing and analysing EEG signals is important in exploring the working mechanisms of the brain and in the diagnosis of neurological disorders of the brain. The article describes the application of EEG signals in epilepsy treatment through feature extraction, feature classification and other related analysis methods. The article presents an overview of recent research advances through the use of principal component analysis, independent component analysis, wavelet transform, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, artificial neural network and decision tree. It provides some reference for the detection and classification of seizures and future research directions.

Objective:Inhaler satisfaction is an important factor affecting inhaler adherence and the efficacy of inhalers in chronic airway diseases.Using a scientific and effective method to assess patients'satisfaction with inhalers is of great significance for improving clinical outcomes.The Feeling of Satisfaction with Inhaler-10(FSI-10)is specifically designed to assess patients'inhaler satisfaction in chronic airway diseases,but the application research on this scale is not available in China.This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of FSI-10,describe the current status of inhaler satisfaction and discuss the associated variables in Chinese patients with chronic airway disease. Methods:Based on the English version of FSI-10,items of the Chinese version of FSI-10 were determined after forward-backward translation and cultural adaption.Totally,322 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and asthma were enrolled from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June to October 2022.We collected associated clinical variables and inhaler satisfaction using the Chinese version of FSI-10.The content validity of the scale was expressed by content validity index(CVI)and the construct validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis(EFA).The reliability of the scale was expressed by Cronbach's α coefficient,the split-half reliability and test-retest reliability.A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine variables related to inhaler satisfaction. Results:The reliability and validity analysis showed that the CVI was 0.983.One factor was extracted from the Chinese version of FSI-10 and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 73.114%.The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.913,the Guttman's half-reliability coefficient was 0.905,and the test-retest reliability was 0.727(P<0.001).In addition,the total score of the scale for patients was 38.92±4.26 points and the proportion of high satisfaction(the score of FSI-10≥40)in patients with COPD was significantly lower than that in asthma patients(71.3%vs 87.9%,P<0.01).Older age(age≥70 years)was a risk factor of lower inhaler satisfaction and asthma diagnosis was a protective factor. Conclusion:The Chinese version of FSI-10 has good reliability and validity in patients with COPD and asthma,which may be further promoted and applied in patients with chronic airway disease in China.Doctors should regularly evaluate the inhaler satisfaction of patients with chronic airway diseases,especially for those elder or with severe symptoms and a long course of illness.

Objective To investigate the value of multiparametric CT features for predicting the risk classification of gastric stro-mal tumor(GST).Methods The clinical data from 139 patients with GST were retrospectively collected.According to the patho-logical risk results,the patients were divided into two groups:a low-risk GST group(including very low-and low-risk)with 75 patients and a high-risk GST group(including medium and high-risk)with 64 patients.The CT features between low-risk GST group and high-risk GST group were compared using chi-squared test or t-test.The risk factors of high-risk GST were identified by univariate analysis.The prediction models were built by multivariate logistic regression.The performance of models were evaluated by receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results There were significant differences in the maximum tumor diameter,minimum tumor diameter,arterial phase enhancement degree,venous phase enhancement rate,arterial phase enhancement degree rate,venous phase enhance-ment degree rate,cystic,and necrosis between low-risk GST group and high-risk GST group,which were associated with the risk classification of GST.The area under the curve(AUC)of the quantitative features-based model that combined maximum tumor diam-eter,minimum tumor diameter,arterial phase enhancement degree,venous phase enhancement rate,arterial phase enhancement degree rate and venous phase enhancement degree rate,showed a significantly higher performance than the qualitative features-based model that incorporated cystic and necrosis(0.981 vs 0.850,P<0.001).Conclusion Maximum tumor diameter,minimum tumor diameter,arterial phase enhancement degree,venous phase enhancement rate,arterial phase enhancement degree rate,venous phase enhance-ment degree rate,as well as cystic and necrosis,are associated with the risk classification of GST and can predict the high-risk GST.

In order to investigate the feasibility of the extract from Cyclocarya paliurus as an additive in cigarettes,the volatile aromatic components were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS),and C.paliurus extract was pyrolyzed to simulate cigarette smoking by TGA-GC/MS.The cracking products of C.paliurus were analyzed in a nitrogen environment,and the possible cracking mechanism of the products was reasonably speculated.The results showed that aldehydes,alcohols,and ketones were the primary volatile aroma components of the C.paliurus extract,comprising 62.28%of the total aroma components.The cracking products of C.paliurus extract varied greatly under different temperature conditions.A total of 79 compounds were identified at 200,360,and 440℃,among which 24 aromatic components were clearly identified as having significant effects on cigarette style,including aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,phenols,furans,benzene series,and other natural aromatic substances.Among them,phenols containing a high concentration are mainly formed by compounds containing the structure of guaiacol unit and eugenol unit by side chain cleavage,demethylation,demethoxylation,dehydration,etc.Furan and its derivatives are mainly formed by glycosides or glycoside compounds by breaking glucoside bonds and dehydration.

The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, IrtAB, plays a vital role in the replication and viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), where its function is to import iron-loaded siderophores. Unusually, it adopts the canonical type IV exporter fold. Herein, we report the structure of unliganded Mtb IrtAB and its structure in complex with ATP, ADP, or ATP analogue (AMP-PNP) at resolutions ranging from 2.8 to 3.5 Å. The structure of IrtAB bound ATP-Mg2+ shows a "head-to-tail" dimer of nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), a closed amphipathic cavity within the transmembrane domains (TMDs), and a metal ion liganded to three histidine residues of IrtA in the cavity. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures and ATP hydrolysis assays show that the NBD of IrtA has a higher affinity for nucleotides and increased ATPase activity compared with IrtB. Moreover, the metal ion located in the TM region of IrtA is critical for the stabilization of the conformation of IrtAB during the transport cycle. This study provides a structural basis to explain the ATP-driven conformational changes that occur in IrtAB.
Siderophores/metabolism* ; Iron/metabolism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism* ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism* ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters