Objective To observe the vasodilation effect of extract of Jasminum samba (EJs), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, on ex vivo rat thoracic aortic rings, and to investigate its mechanism. Methods On ex vivo aortic ring perfusion device, influence of EJs on contraction of the aorta induced by phenylephrine (PE) or potassium chloride (KCl) was observed. Influence of N-nitro-L-arginine-methylester ( L-NAME ), barium chloride ( BaCl2 ), glibenclamide ( Gli ) on vasodilating effect of EJs (0. 5, 1, 2, 4, 8 g·L-1 ) was detected. Effect of EJs on the contraction of calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) and PE in Ca2+-free medium was detected. [ Ca2+ ] i in vascular smooth muscle cells was determined by using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Results In blood vessels with intact endothelium, EJs concentration-dependently decreased PE- or KCl-induced vasoconstriction, the maximum dilating effect being (105. 0±3. 2)% and (78. 0±6. 5)% , respectively; L-NAME affected the vasodilatory effect of EJs on thoracic aorta rings ( P<0. 01), the maximum dilatory effect being (58. 0 ± 6. 9)% . BaCl2 and Gli had significant influence on vasodilation of EJs, and the contraction was obviously attenuated (P<0. 01), the maximum dilatory effect being (37. 0±5. 2)% and (78. 0±10. 0)% , respectively. EJs significantly inhibited contracting effect of PE on thoracic aorta rings in Ca2+-free medium (P<0. 01). The maximum contraction effect was (70. 0±6. 3)% . EJs inhibited CaCl2-induced vasoconstriction (0. 5-8 mmol·L-1 ), and vasoconstriction was decreased by (65. 0±3. 2)% . LSCM recorded that Fmax / F0 of 4 and 8 g·L-1 EJs was (2. 0±0. 2) and (1. 5±0. 2), respectively. Conclusion EJs exerted a dose-dependent vasodilating effect on rat isolated aorta rings. The mechanism might be related to promoting NO release, activating K+channels and decreasing the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+.

Objective To discuss the development of ADR monitoring in Chinese medical institutions by the bibliomet-rics .Methods Literatures from CNKI .net ,VIP and Wanfang Database were retrieved ,then to compliant literatures were screened according to inclusion requirements ,and the bibliometric indicators were used to analyze by bibliometric metrology . Results 4079 literatures were screened compliantly .The trend in the annual number of literatures about medical institutions ADR reports was overall upward 1990-2015 .Top 20 of journals covered for 54 .55% of all papers analyzing ADR reports . Distribution of journals published ADR literatures publication showed significant Bradford features .The top six provinces pub-lished cumulative amount ratio close to 50% ,which showed regional distribution of literature .The proportion of published lit-eratures from medical institutions in the prefecture-level cities was the largest (50 .87% ) ,the average of literatures amount in the capital cities was largest ,5 mulriple of the county cities .Pharmacists were the main author group of writing papers which analyzing medical institutions ADR reports ,accounting for 87 .01% .Conclusion The changes in the annual number of litera-tures which analyzed medical institutions ADR reports could reflect the development process of ADR monitoring in China .The level of ADR monitoring research was related to the level of regional economic development .

AIM:To observe the functional expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the mouse em-bryonic stem cells (mESCs).METHODS:The expression and distribution of CaSR were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence observation in 129 mouse ES-D3 cells.The intracellular concentration of free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy .The cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry .RE-SULTS:CaSR protein was expressed in mESCs .Extracellular calcium or neomycin significantly increased the expression of CaSR and [Ca2+]i.Neomycin increased the cell viability , up-regulated the protein expression of p-ERK2.These effects of neomycin were inhibited by NPS2390.CONCLUSION:CaSR is expressed in mESCs .The activation of CaSR is involved in the proliferation of mESCs .

Objective To establish a method to objectively and easily evaluate the production efficiency of pharmacy divi-sion .Methods Data of the input and output of 25 military hospitals pharmacy were analyzed ;indicators of descriptive evalua-tion on pharmacy production efficiency were established .Results A method of descriptive evaluation on pharmacy production efficiency was established ,which included annual drug income per capita ,annual drug income per bed ,daily deployment pre-scriptions per capita as economic output efficiency indicators ,service time of clinical pharmacists as improvement efficiency indi-cators ,and scores of preventing medication errors as prevention efficiency indicators .Conclusion The economic output efficien-cy indicators have limitations .The quantitative methods of quality output efficiency indicators need further improvement .

OBJECTIVE:To establish a reasonable return level for Chinese pharmaceutical industry and to study the return level of the domestic pharmaceutical industry from 2000 to 2005.METHODS:In view of the financial data of Chinese pharmaceutical industry in the statistical yearbook from 2001 to 2006,the return level for Chinese pharmaceutical industry was established based on its risk level using the principle of "risk-return equilibrium",and the rationality of the return level of Chinese pharmaceutical industry over the 6 years was validated as well.RESULTS:Over the 6 years,the average lowest anticipating rate of return for the Chinese medicine industry was 7.72% and the actually average assets income rate stood at 8.53%,i.e.the average abnormal return rate over the 6 years was 0.81%.CONCLUSION:The return rate of Chinese pharmaceutical industry corresponds to the risk level as well as the reasonable return level.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the profits level and profits-gaining capability of Chinese pharmaceutical industry.METHODS:Based on the data recorded in yearbooks between 2001 and 2006,the profits levels were compared between Chinese pharmaceutical industry and China social average assets,other industries in China and overseas pharmaceutical industry.RESULTS:Between 2000～ 2005,the profits level of Chinese pharmaceutical industry was lower than that of Chinese social average assets,i.e.the profit-gaining capability of Chinese pharmaceutical industry was lower than that of China social average assets.Between 2002～ 2004,the profits level of Chinese pharmaceutical industry ranked at the first 10 places among the 39 industries,but dropped far behind in 2005,meanwhile the number of pharmaceutical enterprises who suffered loss increased greatly.CONCLUSION:The prospect for the development of Chinese pharmaceutical industry and the industry environment they confronted are far from optimistic.

Objective To investigate the practices and experience in the organization and implementation process of prac-tical training drill for medical supply support .Methods To review and comment on the overall design ideas ,specific steps , practical effect and experience of medical supply support in practical training drill .Results Through six years of exploration and practice , we established a training method of implementation of practical training drill for medical supply support . Conclusion It is right and effective in the organization and implementation of practical training drill for medical supply support . It is necessary to continue improving the mode of organization and implementation with combination of practical teaching and re-search .

Objective To introduce the process and experience of construction of medical supplies support practice train-ing platform under informatization.Methods To review and comment the structure composition,functions implemented,ap-plications and experience of medical supplies support practice training platform.Results The medical supplies support practice training platform achieved four functions which are indoor deduction,simulation training,drill outdoor,participate in military health service exercise.Conclusion The medical supplies support practice training platform has achieved good effects in teach-ing and training,which has effectively promoted the teaching and training mode reform aimed at combat requirements.

Objective To provide a reference for optimizing pharmacy human resources allocation in military hospitals in a region .Methods Data of pharmacy human resources of 15 military hospitals in a region were collected from 2 pharmacy re-sources investigations of military hospitals in 2006 and 2013 .For comparison analysis on the changes of pharmacy human re-sources in regional military hospitals in 8 years during 2001-2005 and 2010-2012 ,15 military hospitals were divided into 3 groups according actual beds number ,as 399 beds or less ,400-600 beds ,1000 beds above .Results 2010-2012 ,the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was 7 .11% in 1000 beds above group ,5 .05% in 400-600 beds group ,and 2 .28% in 399 beds or less group .It was showed that the changes of pharmacy human resources had grown trend since 2005 . But the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was much lower than the average annual growth rate of hospi-tal outpatient .Pharmacy human resources with high educational background or high title were concentrated in 1000 beds above group .Half of the staff had bachelor's degree in all groups .The incoming staffs were basically with junior title or intermediate title since 2005 .Conclusion Pharmacy staff accounted for the low proportion of medical technicians ,and per capita workload increased every year in pharmacy department .So pharmacy human resources should be increased .Dispensing ,preparation ,as traditional posts ,and pharmacy intravenous admixture ,clinical pharmacy ,as new posts competed pharmacy human resources . So the human resources needs of the development of clinical pharmacy should be rationally controlled .The distribution of high-level human resources in regional military hospitals shows more concentrated ,which should be a holistic approach to optimize the layout of pharmaceutical human resources .

BACKGROUND:Lower limb peri-knee muscle strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation are generally safe and effective rehabilitation methods for patellofemoral joint pain,but the mechanism of their intervention is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of muscle strength training combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on pain,lower extremity function and biomechanical characteristics in patients with patellofemoral pain. METHODS:Thirty-seven patients with patellofemoral pain were randomly divided into muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation group(trial group,n=19)and muscle strength training group(control group,n=18).Both groups underwent intervention training for 6 weeks,three times a week.The visual analog scale and anterior knee pain scale were used to evaluate the pain level and functional level of the knee.Kinematic and kinetics data during running were collected by using an infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force platform simultaneously.A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures(group*time)was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After the intervention,the visual analog scale scores of the trial group and the control group were significantly decreased(P<0.001),and the anterior knee pain scale scores were significantly increased(Ptrial group<0.001,Pcontrol group=0.001)in the trial group and control group.The anterior knee pain scale scores of the trial group were significantly higher compared to the control group after the intervention(P=0.001).(2)The peak knee flexion angle(P=0.011),peak knee extension moment(P<0.001),the peak knee internal rotation moment(P=0.008),the peak patellofemoral stress(P<0.001)and the peak patellofemoral contact force(P<0.001)were significantly decreased in the trial and control groups during running after the intervention compared with those before the intervention.(3)In conclusion,both muscle strength training and muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation training are helpful to improve the subjective pain and lower limb function of patellofemoral pain patients,enhance the movement pattern during running and reduce the stress of the patellofemoral joint.Compared with muscle strength training alone,muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation can improve lower limb function more significantly.