The cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH) from Rhizobium strain BK-20 is the key enzyme for L(+)-tartaric acid production. To establish a highly efficient and stable production process, we first optimized the enzyme production from Rhizobium strain BK-20, and then developed an immobilized cell-culture process for sustained production of L(+)-tartaric acid. The enzyme activity of free cells reached (3 498.0 +/- 142.6) U/g, and increased by 643% after optimization. The enzyme activity of immobilized cells reached (2 817.2 +/- 226.7) U/g, under the optimal condition with sodium alginate as carrier, cell concentration at 10% (W/V) and gel concentration at 1.5% (W/V). The immobilized cells preserved high enzyme activity and normal structure after 10 repeated batches. The conversion rate of the substrate was more than 98%, indicating its excellent production stability.
Alginates ; chemistry ; Cells, Immobilized ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Rhizobium ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Tartrates ; metabolism

This article surveyed the protocols and informed consent forms of 15 paediatric clinical trials which had been reviewed by the hospital′s institutional research board from 2008 to 2013 .This survey reevaluated and made suggestions on the protocols and informed consent forms, focusing on the risk level, protocol design back-ground, risk minimization measures, the required elements as well as the language expressions of informed consent forms and finding out the shortage of informed consent and give appropriate advices.

Objective To investigate the status and associated factors with maternal health service in Chengdu China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chengdu between September to December in 2016;1 000 delivery women were recruited to finish the questionnaire and informed consents were obtained by investigators face to face.Cluster random sampling was adopted to select subjects from public health centers of different townships in Chengdu.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the associated factors with maternal health service.Results The record rate of early pregnancy,the postpartum visit rate and the maternal system management rate were 88.9％,90.4％ and 78.6％ respectively.The survey rates were significantly lower than the reported rates (x2=6.28,P＜0.01).The attitude of medical staff (OR=2.16,95％ CI:1.0d-4.48),perceived making the record of the first trimester of pregnancy (OR=2.88,95％ CI:1.03-8.14),pregnant women receiving maternal knowledge through doctors (OR=0.29,95％CI:0.13-0.64),through social activities (OR=0.40,95％CI:0.23-0.70),through advertisements (OR=3.42,95％ CI:1.54-7.58),from internet (OR=1.71,95％ CI:1.08-2.71) and from newspapers and magazines (OR=3.80,95％ CI:1.30-11.11) were associated with record filing during early pregnancy.Delivery women who were in the maternal age between 31 to 35 (OR=0.26,95％CI:0.08-0.87) and choosing hospitals close to home is the determinant of prenatal examination (OR=0.51,95％ 6I:0.31-0.82) were less likely to accept the postpartum visit.Delivery women who chose district hospitals(OR=3.21,95％ CI:1.26-8.19),provincial (OR=4.33,95％ CI:1.72-10.91) and municipal (OR=4.24,95％CI:1.38-12.99) maternal and child care service centers to do prenatal examination were more likely to receive the postpartum visit.The attitude of medical staff (OR=1.69,95％ CI:1.04-2.73),perceived making the record of the first trimester of pregnancy (OR=2.58,95％CI:1.04-6.42),pregnant women getting maternal knowledge by internet (OR=1.63,95％ CI:1.20-2.23),Delivery women who chose township health center (OR=6.60,95％ CI:1.27-34.48),provincial (OR=2.40,95％CI:1.07-5.39) and municipal (OR=3.72,95％CI:1.41-9.79)maternal and child care service centers to receive prenatal examinations might affect the maternal system management.Conclusion The maternal system management rate was low and there was significant difference between the survey rates and the reported rates.The attitude of medical staff,the channel of getting maternal knowledge and the choices of hospitals for receiving prenatal examinations affected the maternal health service.