OBJECTIVE: To understand the vowel duration and statement reading of the adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) patients compared with their normal controls, and provide ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: Twenty-nine ADSD patients were included in the research, with 31 normal controls. All subjects filled in form voice handicap index (VHI) by themselves. Maximum phonetic time (MPT) and maximum loudness phonetic time(MLPT) were tested on /a/ sound for all patients. Also, all the patients were required to read aloud a standard mandarin assay named , duration were measured with Praat5. 0 software after sounds were collected. A one-way t-test was performed to compare spasmodic group with control group on VHI, MPT, MLPT and duration for reading standard sentences. Pearson/Spearman correlation was tested. Result: The VHI of the 29 ADSD patients is 89±12, and their normal controls 15±16, indicating that the VHI in ADSD group is significantly higher than in the control group(P<0. 01). The MPT of the ADSD group is(16. 9±9. 8 s), and the control group is (25. 3±10.0)s, indicating that MPT in the ADSD group is significantly shorter than the control group(P<0. 01). The MLPT of the ADSD group is (15.7±7. 6)s, and the control group is (26. 5±11. 4)s, indicating that MLPT in the ADSD group is significantly shorter than the control group (P<0. 01). The duration of standard sentence reading of the ADSD group is (55.0±14. 2)s, and the control group is (37. 8±4. 8)s, indicating that the duration of standard sentence reading in the ADSD group is significantly longer than the control group (P<0. 01). Correlation analysis showed that MPT and MLPT are related within the ADSD group(r=0. 697,P< 0.01), other indexes being tested have no significant correlations. CONCLUSION The voice disorder condition of the ADSD patients is significantly worse than normal people. Their pronunciations on continuous vowels are not lasting compared with normal people. In the meantime, their ability to read sentences is worse than normal people, needing longer time to complete the reading task. There is a significant correlation between MLPT and MPT, which can be used as an alternative to MPT.
Case-Control Studies ; Dysphonia ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Phonetics ; Voice Quality

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and its indication of orbital fat flap for treating sunken upper eyelid in middle-aged and elder patients.

METHODSThe upper middle orbital fat was transferred to the sunken area as a flat flap to correct Sunken upper eyelid at grade I, II, III. The depression depth was graded as I (<0.5 cm), as II (0.5-1.0 cm), as III ( >1.0 cm). From April 2011 to April 2012, 66 cases were treated and 49 cases were followed up for 12-15 months.

RESULTSAll patients with sunken upper eyelid were successfully treated using this procedure and no complications were encountered. Fat absorption was not observed. The effective rate was 90.9% (20/22) for grade I , 31.0% (18/58) for grade II and 0 for grade III (0/18), showing significant difference between any of two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe orbital fat flap is effective for grade I Sunken upper eyelid with long- term effect.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; Surgical Flaps ; transplantation

Using the weight-average molecular weight 50 000 polylactic acid (PLA) as a carrier, and a certain proportion of erythromycin (EM) and prednisone acetate (PNA) to mixed prepare the compound erythromycin sustained release preparation (sustained-release tablets). Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect separately the release amount of EM and PNA in vitro medium. The sustained-release tablets release for about 21 days, the average content of EM is 99.7 mg/table, RSD = 0.82%; and the average content of PNA is 10.03 mg/table, RSD = 0.93%. Within 21 days, the cumulative releases of EM and PNA are 86.1% and 78.3%, respectively. The drug release is steady and slow after 5 days, the burst release phenomenon in early stage is more significant. The results showed that the sustained-release tablet preparation method is feasible, the release performance is good and the clinical efficacy is significant.

This study is to prepare the microemulsion-based gel based on the W/O microemulsion and fluorouracil (5-Fu) as a model drug to study the transdermal characterization and observe its skin irritation of the microemulsion-based gel in vitro. IPM acted as oil phase, AOT as surfactant, Tween 85 as cosurfactant, water was added dropwise to the oil phase to prepare W/O microemulsion at room temperature using magnetic stirring, then 5-Fu powder was added. The gelatin was used as substrate to prepare 5-Fu microemulsion-based gel. The permeation flux of 5-Fu from 5-Fu microemulsion-based gel across excised mice skin was determined in vitro using Franz diffusion cell to study the influence of the amount of gelatin and the drug loading capacity. Refer to 5-Fu cream, the irritation of microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel on the rat skin was studied. Based on the water/AOT/Tween 85/IPM microemulsion, only the gelatin can form the microemulsion-based gel. At 25 degrees C, 32 degrees C and 40 degrees C, the amount of gelatin required for the formation of microemulsion-based gel were 7%, 14% and more than 17%, respectively. The 12 h transdermal cumulated permeation amount of 5-Fu from microemulsion-based gel containing 14% gelatin and 0.5% drug loading were (876.5 +/- 29.1) microg x cm(-2), 12.3 folds and 4.5 folds more than 0.5% 5-Fu aqueous solution and 2.5% (w/w) 5-Fu cream, respectively. Microemulsion-based gel exhibited some irritation, but could be subsided after drug withdrawal. Microemulsion-based gel may be a promising vehicle for transdermal delivery of 5-Fu and other hydrophilic drug.

Objective To compare the role of Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT),and to determine the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in focal hepatic lesions.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 32 patients with focal hepatic lesions who had undergone MRI and MDCT examinations.These patients were divided into two groups:the CT group and the MRI group.The results were analysed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Result There were 185 focal hepatic lesions.The sensitivity,specificity and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 86.5％,90.9％,0.855,respectively for the MRI group and they were significantly higher than the CT group (63.6％,54.5％,0.532).For detection of lesions ＜1 cm,the sensitivity,specificity and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the MRI group were 90％,86.6％,0.886,respectively,which were also significantly higher than the CT group (50.5％,45.5％,0.500).When combined with pathological findings and follow-up,the diagnostic accuracy was 40.6％ using Gd-EOB-DTPA DCE-MRI.Conclusion Gd-EOB-DTPA DCE-MRI has a higher detection rate,better accuracy and diagnostic value for focal liver lesions (＜1 cm) than MDCT.

The aim of the present study was to increase distribution of yuanhuacine in the lungs and achieve the purpose of reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency.Therefore,yuanhuacine was designed to be dry powder inhalers innovatively and directly delivered to the lungs.Accordingly,inhaled lactose was used as a carrier to adsorb yuanhuacine on the surface of lactose.Fine particle fraction (FPF) was utilized as evaluation index to filtrate the optimal prescription for pulmonary administration.Besides,an UHPLC-MS/MS method was established for the analysis of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,brain and reproductive system of rats.Intravenous injection was taken as reference to investigate the distribution of yuanhuacine and calculate relevant targeting parameters.The experimental result indicated that the prescription (rough lactose ∶fine lactose =10 ∶ 1) has the highest FPF,which can be chosen as the most suitable prescription for pulmonary administration of yuanhuacine.Moreover,by comparing the distribution of yuanhuacine through pulmonary administration and intravenous injection,it was found that the concentration of yuanhuacine in the lung tissue was greatly increased by pulmonary administration,which decreased the distribution in heart,liver,spleen,kidney,brain and reproductive system,thus sequentially reducing the toxicity in other tissues and increased the efficiency.

Objective To investigate the expression of Netrin-1 protein in human renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) and the relationships between Netrin-1,pathology and prognosis.Methods Fortyeight cases of RCCC and their adjacent tissues were selected for study,including 26 males and 22 females.The median age was 62 years (range,26 to 83 years).All 48 patients were onset for the first time,confirmed by pathology.All cases had no radiotherapy,chemotherapy or biological treatment before operation.Fuhrman grade:6 cases in grade Ⅰ,6 cases,in grade Ⅱ,27 cases in grade Ⅲ and 9 cases in grade Ⅳ.The AJCC staging in 2010:20 cases in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ],28 cases in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ.The expression of Netrin-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining and its clinical significance was analyzed.All cases were followed up for more than 5 years.Survival analysis lines were made by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference between groups was tested by the Log-rank test.Results The expression of Netrin-1 protein was higher in renal cancers [71％ (34/48)] than that in the adjacent normal tissues [17％ (8/48)] (P＜0.05).Netrin-1 protein expression rates were 42％(5/12) in Fuhrman Ⅰ-Ⅱ tumors and 81％ (29/36) in Fuhrman Ⅲ-Ⅳ tumors,while 55％ (11/20) in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 82％ (23/28) in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,respectively (P＜0.05).The 5-year survival rate in high protein expression group and in low protein expression group was 62％ (21/ 34) and 79％ (11/14).The survival curve had different trend,with no significant difference between groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Netrin-1 protein plays an important role in the development of RCCC.It might be a new specific tumor marker of RCCC,and might become a new target in treatment of RCCC.

AIM: To study on the expansion of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes isolated from rats with colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS). METHODS: The numeration and protein expression of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes had been performed by immunohistological analysis, flow cytometry and Western-blot. RESULTS: The numeration of CD4+ T cells and the protein expression of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes increased significantly in rats with colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. CONCLUSION: Expansion of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes in TNBS-induced colitis provides us a simple and reducible animal model for research of the new target of therapeutic drug.

Objective To explore the application value of hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion through descending hilar plate in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy.Methods The clinical data of 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy by hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion using descending hilar plate technique at the First People's hospital of Foshan between August 2012 and May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The hilar plate was bluntly dissected to expose the left and right Glissonean pedicles.Either side of Glissonean pedicle was tied up with a turnable aspirator with a cotton rope or shoelace and then bypassed the back of hilar plate.Anatomic hepatectomy was performed when hemi-hepatic blood flow was occluded.The follow-up by telephone interview and outpatient examination was done till October 2014.Results Among the 15 patients,the conversion to open surgery was done in 1 patient,Pringle maneuver in 1 patient,and hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion by descending the hilar plate in 14 patients.Thirteen patients received succesfully laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy by hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion using descending hilar plate technique,including 4 of left hemihepatectomy,4 of left lateral lobectomy,2 of right hemihepatectomy,1 of right posterior lobectomy,1 of segment Ⅳ hepatectomy and 1 of segment Ⅵ hepatectomy.Bile duct exploration was applied to 4 patients with left hepatic duct stones and T-tube was placed in 2 patients.Nine and 4 patients received left and right hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion,respectively.The operation time,mean volume of intraoperative blood loss and time of hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion in 13 patients were (196 ±63)minutes,320 mL (range,50-1 200 mL) and (51 ± 20)minutes,respectively.The time of descending the hilar plate in 14 patients was (10 ±4)minutes.Among the 13 patients,bile leakage was detected in 1 patient with a maximum volume of drainage of 120 mL/day,liver wound bleeding in 1 patient with a volume of abdominal bloodstained drainage of 400 mL at postoperative day 2.Two patients were cured by conservative treatment,and no liver failure and perioperative death were occurred.The duration of hospital stay was (6.9 ± 2.4)days.Among the 15 patients,2 patients were loss to follow-up and other patients were followed up for 5-26 months with good survival,1 patient died.Conclusion Hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion through descending hilar plate in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy is safe and feasible.

This article surveyed the protocols and informed consent forms of 15 paediatric clinical trials which had been reviewed by the hospital′s institutional research board from 2008 to 2013 .This survey reevaluated and made suggestions on the protocols and informed consent forms, focusing on the risk level, protocol design back-ground, risk minimization measures, the required elements as well as the language expressions of informed consent forms and finding out the shortage of informed consent and give appropriate advices.