In recent years, the study of orthodontics was achieved more attentions in stomatology. The extraction or non-extraction orthodontic treatment were summarized. Extraction of premolars orthodontic treatment can improve the third molar inclination. This might be useful in clinical application.

Depression is a common complication after stroke.It is often associated with disability and increased mortality.This article reviews the pathophysiology mechanisms of poststroke depression.

Objective Patients with previous failed scoliosis surgery were managed by revision surgery,the reasons, methods and results of revision surgery were evaluated and analyzed. Methods Thir-ty-six patients with previous failed scoliosis surgery underwent revision surgery between June 1996 and Au-gust 2002. There were 15 males and 21 females with an average age of 16.8 years. The patients had 1.57 operations on average (1 for 27 cases, 2 for 8 cases and 3 for 1 case). The reasons for revision surgery were failure of previous instrumentation (6 cases), deterioration of the deformity (18 cases), and unsatisfactory re-sults with previous surgery (12 cases). Thorough radiographic evaluations including plain X-ray, CT scan and MRI were taken for each patient pre-operatively. The preoperative average Cobb angle for scoliosis was 76.2?(52?-108?)?Of 36 patients, there were 11 with kyphosis and the preoperative average Cobb angle was 53?(36?-79?). The involved spines in the deformity were 10.1 on average (8-13 levels). The surgical proce-dures included removal of previous instrumentation in 21 cases, staged trans-thoracic anterior release in 5 cases with rigid curve, and osteotomy passing through articular joints and laminae on previous fusion mass in 18 cases. All patients underwent trans-pedicular fixation and fusion as well. The clinical and radiographic results were evaluated post-operatively. Results All patients underwent surgery safely. The average opera-tive time was 3.8 hours (2.8-5.1 h) and the average blood loss was 817 ml(630-1 800 ml). There were no serious complications such as neurological injury. The average correction was 48? (22?-64?, 56%) for scolio-sis, and 47? (17?-52?, 72%) for kyphosis respectively. All patients were followed up at least 12 months (12-76 months). There was no loss of correction found during follow up and all patients achieved solid fu-sion. At the last follow up, 33 patients (91.7%) were satisfied with the results of revision surgery. Conclusion Revision surgery for failed scoliosis surgery is challenging because of technical difficulties for the procedure and higher risk for neurological injury. Extreme caution must be taken for each patient during pre-operative examination and evaluation. If appropriate surgical procedure including staged anterior re-lease, posterior osteotomy and trans-pedicular fixation is properly selected according individual deformity, the satisfactory results can be achieved.

Analysis of patient satisfaction , as the supplement and improvement of the traditional medical quality assessment , has great significance for improving the quality of medical services , reducing the medical disputes and building a harmonious doctor -patient relationship .Based on the connotation of patient satisfaction , the patient satisfaction theory at home and abroad were introduced , providing a guide meaning for establishing a rational evalua-tion system and scientifically managing hospital service .

Objective To summarize the clinical and EEG characteristics of benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes(BECCT). Methods The clinical and EEG data of 78 children with BECCT were retrospectively analyzed. Results The onset age of this disease was 3 to 14 years, and 62 patients aged 5 to 10 years(62/78,80%). The seizures of 72 cases(72/78,92.3%)were associated with sleep. 63 cases(73/78,80.8%)were partial seizures, and 15 cases(15/78,19.2%) were generalized seizures. EEG demonstrated that there were sharp or spike waves of interior discharge in the centro-temporal area of one or two sides, 55.4% cases were positive in awake EEG, and 92% cases were positive in sleep EEG. 93.2% cases were responsive to antiepileptic drugs. Conclusion The characteristics of BECCT were as follows: partial epilepsy related to sleep, partial seizure types and sharp or spike waves of EEG in centro-temporal area. EEG sleep induction test could increase positive diagnostic rate of this disease, and the prognosis of this disease was fine. The early diagnosis is helpful for the patients' prognosis, and can alleviate psychological suffering of the patients and their families.

Objective To analyze the expression of HLJ1 in the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the correlation between its expression and clinical pathological characteristic.Methods HLJ1 mRNA expression level was determined in 32 HCC tissues and their associated noncancerous liver tissues by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The correlation of HLJ1 expression level with clinicopathologic variables was also analyzed.Results HLJ1 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in HCC than in associated noncancerous liver tissue [(1.18?0.82) vs.(1.92?1.15),P

Objective: During the five years period from 2006 to 2010, the Chinese government had increased the special funding for primary maternal and child health enterprise to analyze the total amount and constitution of the special funding respectively. Methods: From the perspective of special funding investment in the eastern, central and western regions with different levels of economic development, to perform the comparative analysis. Results and Conclusion:The government’s overall investment on maternal and child special funds is in increasing trend, the average per capita amount of special funds invested in west region is higher than the eastern and central region; in the aspect of investment constitution , the central government special funds for women and children is the main source, which accounts for more than 85% of total investment, the reducing and eliminating items in eastern and western regions and the inpatient childbirth subsidy items constitute the major component of special funding for primary maternal and child health in corresponding region. Based on the analysis of investment on the condition of primary maternal and child health , policy recommendations for further development of the cause of women and children are provided.

[Objective]To investigate the correlation of sagittal parameters in L5~S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis and its clinical manifestation.[Method]Seventy-six patients with L5~S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis were treated between January 2000 and December 2005,there were 32 males and 44 females with the age between 12 and 68 years.The lateral standing radiographs of the spine and pelvis were analyzed retrospectively.Radiographic parameters measured including pelvic incidence(PI),sacral slope(SS),lumbar lordosis(LL),lumbosacral angle(LSA)and grade of spondylolisthesis.All measurements were done by the same individual and compared to those of a cohort of 30 normal subjects.Students test was used to compare the parameters between the curve types and Pearsons correlation coefficients were used to investigate the association between all parameters(P

The health workforce plays an important role in the development of township hospitals. It builds up the comprehensive evaluation index system as the first time, based on data of township hospitals from 29 provinces, to evaluate the allocation of the health workforce in primary medical institutions in rural China. The empirical results show that the core workforce allocation of Chinese township hospitals has largely focused on the local health status, which shows good fairness of allocation. Meanwhile, the equity level of the core workforce allocation is not far behind the overall fairness level, and both are slightly higher than the critical value. The core workforce allocation is in good consistency with the local level of economic development.

Objective To investigate the correlation between resistin,adiponectin and the blood stasis syndrome in diabetic and primary hypertension patients.Method The primary hypertension and diabetes patients were drawn vein blood to make plasma and serum.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used in checking serum adiponectin and resistin.Radioimmuoassay method was applied in checking serum insulin,leptin,ET and tumor necrosis factor(TNF).The fasting blood sugar,total cholesterol(TC),triamid-glycerin(TG),high dense lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL) and low dense lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL) were detected by the chemi-enzymic method.The relation between the indexes and blood stasis syndrome was analyzed by SAS9.1 for windows.Results The detectable rate of the blood stasis syndrome in the diabetic patients was 0.423,while 0.246 in the primary hypertension patients.The difference was significant in statistics.Incidence of blood stasis syndrome increased with the course of illness.Compared with the non-blood stasis syndrome group,the content of leptin,ET and TNF in the blood stasis syndrome group significantly raised,but the content of adiponectin and insulin diminished.The content of resistin did not have obviously change.Compared with the primary hypertension patients,the level of leptin,adiponectin,resistin,insulin in the diabetic patients raised,but there wasn't significant difference in the level of ET and TNF.Conclusions There is negative correlation between adiponectin and the blood stasis syndrome.The link between obesity and the blood stasis syndrome may be through fat factor regulating vasoactive factor.The blood stasis syndrome caused by obesity maybe have nothing to do with the consistency of resistin.