The polymorphism of Bf was determinated in 234 healthy human sera in Beijing by agarose gel high-voltage electrophoresis and PAGIEF followed by immunofixation. The distribution of Bf phenotypes was observed: SS 171, FS 49, FF 8, SS07 4, FS07 1 and SS045 1. Their allele frequencies were, Bf~s = 0.8462, Bf~F=0.1410, Bf~(S07)=0.0107, Bf~(S045)=0.0021. The distribution of Bf phenotypes was good agreement with the Hardy-weinberg law.The time limits of Bf phenotypes in 22 bloodstain samples was determinated.

Objective To study the mental experience of nurses from outpatient department in dealing with patient's complaints.Method Using convenient sampling method,15 nurses from 5 sections of the outpatient department were chosen as interviewees,with the interviews on their mental experience in handling the complaints from outpatients.Result The issues from the interviews included:part of the patients were unable to complain accurately,part of the nurses were ineffective and therefore inactive in handling the complaints;some of the nurses were poor at employing communication skills and some others were incapable of specifying the complaints or asking for assistance.Conclusions Complaint handling is part of the nurses' job in the outpatient service.The nurses should take the initiative to improve their ability in complaint handling,so as to handle the complaints in a positive and effective way and improve patient's satisfaction.

The development of the human facial canal and the facial nerve of 229 temporal sides from 11 weeks fetuses to infancies were studied by histological method. The results showed that the facial canal was formed by the membranous ossification and by cartilaginous ossification. The lateral wall, inferior wall of the horizontal segment and the eminous segment, the superior wall of the labyrinthine segment of the facial canal were formed by the membranous ossification. The sequence of the membranous ossification had some regularities. The rest of the facial canal was ossified in the cartilaginous bone. The development of the facial nerve grew in advanced embrylogical age. The length and width diameters of the facial nerve in the facial canal were almost the largest in size before birth. The size of the facial nerve to that of the facial canal is kept in a more or less constant proportion. It was found that the facial norve was largest at the distal portion of the labyrinthine segment of the facial canal and smallest at the stylomastoid foramen.We put forward the conclusion that the disturbances of the membranous ossification in any portion of the facial canal and the anomalies of the pneumatization of the mastoid process were the main causes for the deficiency of the facial canal.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of resin adsorbing devices combined with hemodialysis in the treatment for renal osteopathy in chronic renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods Fifty two patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for at least 2 years,admitted from January 2004 to October 2006,were divided into three groups:group A,resin adsorbing devices combined with hemodialysis group(HP+HD);group B,hemodiafiltration group(HDF+HD);group C,active vitamin D peroral group(Oral vitamin D+HD).The changes in serum parathyroid hormone(iPTH)and phosphorus,urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(SCr),hemoglobin(Hb)were compared among the three groups before and after the treatment.Results No significant difference was found in BUN,SCr,and Hb contents among the three groups before and after the treatment.Compared with the data before the treatment,iPTH and phosphorus were decreased significantly after 12 weeks of treatment in group A(P

BACKGROUND:Stem cel transplantation is a new method for blinding eye disease. But there is a lack of research about the protective effect of retinal stem cel transplantation on retinal ganglion cel s in glaucoma. OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect of retinal stem cel transplantation on retinal ganglion cel s of rats with glaucoma. METHODS:Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=15 per group) including control, model and retinal stem cel transplantation groups. Rat models of glaucoma were prepared in the latter two groups, and at 7 days after modeling, rats in the three groups were given intravitreal injection of 1 mL retinal stem cel s (5x106 cel s), the same amount of PBS, and no treatment, respectively. Subsequently, relative indicators were detected at 2 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor I protein as wel as the number of retinal ganglion cel s were the highest in the control group, fol owed by the retinal stem cel transplantation group model group, and the lowest in the model group (P<0.05). The number of apoptotic retinal ganglion cel s in model group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), and which in the retinal stem cel transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05), but higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). These results suggest that retinal stem cel transplantation for rat glaucoma can exert a protective effect on retinal ganglion cel s.

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of cancer suppressor gene ING1 may cause apoptosis of many kinds of cancer cells and results in cell cycle arrest in G1 stage. ING1 is involved in p53 signaling pathway and regulates the activity of p53 as a transcription-activating factor.OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of ING1 gene expression and mutation with the clinicpathological features of colorectal cancer.DESIGN: A controlled observation of the pathological samples.SETTING: Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 52 fresh colorectal cancer samples were obtained from patients hospitalized in the Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from October 1998 to October 1999. Normal mucosal tissues were also collected 10 cm from the margin of the tumor during the operation. The patients included 29 male and 23 female patients with an average age of 50.28 years.METHODS: ING1mRNA and protein expressions were detected in the 52 colorectal cancer tissue samples. The ING1 gene mutation was detected by analyzing single-stranded DNA polymorphism. The expression of p53 protein in the colorectal cancer tissue was detected immunohistochemically.tion-single-strand conformation polymorphism.was obviously decreased in comparison with that in the normal mucosa(0. 626 ±0. 382 vs 1. 166 ±0. 245, P ＜ 0. 001) . The expression of ING1 in the tumor tissue of patients with lymphatic metastasis was significantly lower than that in the tumor tissues from patients without lymphatic metastasis (0. 393 ±0. 243 vs 0. 960 ±0. 299, P ＜0.01). The expression of p53 protein was positively correlated with ING1 mRNA expression( P ＜ 0.01). Only one of the 52 samples was positive for ING1 gene mutation.CONCLUSION: ING1 gene may participate in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer and its decreased expression inhibits the action of tumor suppressor genes. The decrement in ING1 mRNA and protein expression without gene mutation indicates that ING1 participates in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in a manner quite different from that of the classic tumor suppressor genes.

Objective To discuss the value of preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and eryth-rocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in predicting postoperative infections following multiple fractures. Methods A study was conducted in 78 patients with multiple fractures (complicated with pelvic frac-ture, ISS > 18) treated in our department from December 2006 to March 2009. CRP and ESR levels be-fore second damage control operation as well as postoperative infections were recorded. Meanwhile, the optimal cut-off value was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve and analyzed. Results There were 11 patients with postoperative infection. The preoperative optimal cut-off value of CRP was 50 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 0.909 and a specificity of 0.821. The preoperative optimal cut-off value of ESR was 27.5 mm/h, with a sensitivity of 0.818 and a specificity of 0.791. The combination tests showed the sensitivity and specificity of 0.875 and 0.900 respectively. Conclusion CRP (50 mg/L) can be a sensitive predictive index for postoperative infection in the multiple fractures (complicated with pelvic fractures). Combination test of CRP and ESR can benefit diagnosis of postoperative infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of parecoxib pretreatment on the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 230-280 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =32 each):sham operation group (S group),I/R group,parecoxib 5 mg/kg group (group P5) and parecoxib 10 mg/kg group (group P10).The rats were anesthetized with 10％ chloral hydrate 3.5 ml/kg.Focal cerebral I/R was induced by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion.Parecoxib 5 and 10 mg/kg were injected via the right internal jugular vein at 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion in groups P5 and P10,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was injected instead of parecoxib in groups S and I/R.Neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed at 2 and 24 h of reperfusion.The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of infract volume (by TTC staining).Brain water content was measured by wet/dry brain weight ratio.Their brains were cut into sections which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under microscope.The expression of AQP4 in brain tissues was measured.Results Compared with S group,NDS and brain water content were significandy increased,the infarct volume was enlarged,and the expression of AQP4 in brain tissues was up-regulated in I/R group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).NDS and brain water content were significantly lower,the infarct volume was smaller,and the expression of AQP4 in brain tissues was lower in groups P5 and P10 than in I/R group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Microscopic examination showed that brain injury was significantly attenuated in groups P5 and P10 as compared with I/R group.Conclusion The mechanism by which parecoxib pretreatment alleviates the focal cerebral I/R injury in rats is related to down-regulation of the expression of AQP4.

Objective To determine the resectability of recurrent gastric malignant tumor and its clinical value, and to search an effective way to cure recurrent gastric malignant tumor. Methods The clinical data of 18 cases of sucessfully resected local regional recurrent gastric malignant tumor were analysed retropectively. Results In the 18 cases of recurrent malignant gastric tumor, 6 received total gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy, 5 received body and tail pancreatectomy plus splenectomy with lymphadenectomy, 2 got tumor resection in gastric bed, and the other 5 got periceliac tumor resection with lymphadenectomy. Pathology evidence revealed that 14 of them were gastric adenocarcinoma and the other 4 were gastric sarcoma. They were all recovered and got well when discharged. Follow up results revealed that resection of recurrent malignant gastric tumor could survive 16.4 months (7～38 months) averagely.Conclusions Patient's life quality and survival time could be improved if the local regional recurrence was resectable and other subsidiary therapeutic methods were used.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment (48 weeks) with tiotropium bromide (5 μg) via Respimat(R) with placebo in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A total of 338 patients were randomized in this double-blind,placebo controlled,parallel study.All patients received either tiotropium bromide or placebo.Tiotropium bromide solution 5 μg (2 × 2.5 μg/puff) or matching placebo was delivered via Respimat(R) at a dosage of once daily for 48 weeks.Co-primary endpoints were trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the time to first exacerbation.Results Statistically significant improvements of both trough FEV1 and trough forced vital capacity (FVC) in the tiotropium group were achieved at weeks 4,24,and 48 compared with those in the placebo group(P ＜ 0.000 1).Tiotropium treatment delayed the time to first exacerbation.The time was 157 days in the tiotropium group and 85 days in the placebo group.A statistically significant difference (P =0.002 7) in favor of tiotropium was also observed.The total numbers of exacerbation during treatment were 90 and 128 in the tiotropium and placebo groups,respectively.The Poisson regression analysis gave a mean exacerbation rate per patient year exposure of 0.67 in the tiotropium group compared to 0.98 in the placebo group with a rate ratio of 0.69 (95％ CI O.50-0.93,P =0.016 4).A much larger improvement from baseline in St.George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) total score was observed for the tiotropium group than in the placebo group(P =0.036 7),SGRQ symptom and activity scores of patients in the tiotropium group were also superior to those of patients receiving placebo.The drugs-related adverse events in the tiotropium and placebo groups were 12 cases and 11 cases,respectively.Conclusions Tiotropium significantly improved lung function and quality of life,delayed the time to first exacerbation,reduced the number of exacerbation.Overall,tiotropium was well tolerated.