Microcalcifications are among the most common imaging findings of breast cancer. This article reviews the recent liter-ature regarding the foci of microcalcifications in breast cancer. In particular, we summarize the composition, formation mechanism, and biopsy method of the microcalcifications;the relationship between the foci and clinicopathologic indicators;and the influence of neoad-juvant chemotherapy on the foci.

Objective To investigation effect of glucocorticoid combined with Qingkailing injection on lobar pneumonia IL-10 and serum TNF-levels.Methods 120 cases of lobar pneumonia in children were selected respiratory department fromasin our hospital in December 2012 to December 2014 as the object of study, were divided into control group and observation group, control group were treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection,the observation group in the control group based on the combined with Qingkailing injection, serum IL-10, TNF-a level and curative effect were compared between the two groups pre-and post-treatment in patients.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 86.67%, higher than that of the control group, the total effective rate was 70%(P <0.05).Before treatment, the two groups of patients with TNF-αand IL-10 were not statistically significant difference.After treatment, the two groups of patients with TNF-αand IL-10 were decreased, and lower than the control group (P<0.05) .Conclusion Glucocorticoid combined with Qingkailing injection can reduce serum IL-10, TNF-alpha level in lobar pneumonia,has a definite effect.

Wheezing is a common problem in early childhood and leads to a diagnostic dilemma.Respiratory endoscopy permits the examination of the morphology and the dynamics of the upper and lower airways.Moreover,it allows additional procedures to be performed.These include bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and endobronchial biopsy that help to complete the diagnostic evaluation and complement the findings with information from more peripheral airways.

In this article, the manifestations of the DSA in 100 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma have been studied. According to the haculta the authors put forward a method for classification by DSA findingas of the hapatic carcinoma, It can be expressed in A B C D. A represents the site and shape of the tumor; B represents the blood supply; C represents having or not having arterial - venous fistula; D represents the condition of the portal vein. Simnltaneouly the authors pointed out its clinical significance by reflecting the whole changes of the fumor in morpholygy and hemodynanics useful to plan an interventioanl therapy, and to assess the prognosis.

The comprehension of the current status and summary of the advantages vs disadvantages of different interventional methods for the treatment of tumor were concluded in the article.Although all these methods have improved the efficiency of tumor therapy,they are still having a lot of space for further development.The author gives a new concept of the molecular interventional therapy of tumor.

Objective:Pathological nipple discharge (PND) is commonly associated with benign breast disorders. However, PND lesions can also be malignant and can be the initial or unique presenting symptom of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical factors and the character of PND lesions. Methods:The clinical data of 207 patients with PND as their primary complaint were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors for breast cancer usually increase in patients with PND accompanied by a breast lump or breast calcification or those aged over 50 (P<0.05). The characteristics and course of PND were not correlated with the diagnoses of benign and malignant degrees of PND (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that patients aged over 50 with PND accompanied by a breast lump or breast calcification have a higher risk of suffering from breast cancer. Conclusion:The ages of patients with PND accompanied by a breast lump or breast calcification may significantly affect the diagnosis of benign and malignant PND lesions.

4 mm)in the kidney,and were then treated by ESWL combined with oral dissolution agents.The cure rate of this series was 97.7%(86/87).The patients were discharged from the hospital 4 to 16 days(mean,6.3 days)after the treatment.One patient developed massive hemorrhage and was then cured by selective embolization of the small renal vessels.86 patients were followed up for 3 to 18 months(mean,6.3 months),none of them had residual stones during this period.The symptoms of hydronephrosis was improved in all of the cases.Conclusions B-ultrasonography guided MPCNL with holmium:YAG laser is convenient,safe,and effective for upper urinary tract stone.

Objective To study the feasibility and indication of twice chemonucleolysis with collagenase for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Methods Eighty two patients of lumber disc herniation were treated with twice collagenase chemonucleolysis.All patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months and then the clinical results were assessed according to the Macnab criteria retrospectively.Results Eighty two cases were followed up from 3 to 12 months postoperatively.Fifty one cases were excellent,13 cases good,8 as fair and 10 were poor.The rate of excellent plus good reached 78%,the effective rate was 88%.Conclusion Twice chemonucleolysis with strict indications together with prevention of allergic reaction before,during and after the operation;is safe and effective for treating lumbar disc herniation.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:258-259)

Purpose: To analyze the clinical and pathological factors in post-operative breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, and, identify risk factors predicting the skeletal metastasis. Methods: We evaluated data from 3 796 patients who were surgically treated from January 1981 to December 2000. Those patients were divided into groups according to different first events. Then we assessed data of 116 cases of bone metastasis as first event, and comparing with visceral metastasis and lymph node or soft tissue metastasis cases. Results: In our group there were 116 cases with bone metastasis as first event, about 3. 1%; bone metastasis correlated with young age, large tumor, clinical palpable axillary nodes, pathological positive nodes, stage II/HI disease and non-specific invasvie breast carcinoma. Multivariate logistic regression found that large tumor, clinical palpable axillary nodes related with bone metastasis in pre-operative data. In post-operative data, large tumor, pathological positive nodes and non-specific invasive breast carcinoma correlated with bone metastasis. Hormone receptor status and HER2 expression did not predict the bone metastasis. All cases received standard local and adjuvant systemic treatment. Among patients who had as their first event a local recurrence or a recurrence in soft tissue or lymph node or local and systemic metastasis, there were more specific invasive carcinomas than those in bone metastasis group. Occurrence of bone metastasis and visceral metastasis had similar time distribution, however, local recurrence and/or node, soft tissue metastasis occurred earlier than skeletal metastasis. Conclusions: Pre-operative bone scintigraphy was indicated in those with young age, T2/T3 tumor, and clinical palpable nodes. Breast cancer patients at high risk for bone metastasis were T2/T3 tumor, non-specific invasive breast carcinoma and with 4 or more involved axillary lymph nodes. It might be important to study the effect of bisphosphonates in the adjuvant settings.

Objective To explore the levels of?-radiation emitted from ceramic floor boards saled in Tangshan.Methods The levels of?-radiation emitted from common ceramic floor boards,polished surface-ceramic floor board s and granular surfac-ceramic floor boards manufactured in A,B and C different provinces were determined.All sam ple s were collected from the build ing ma te rial markets in Tangshan.Results The levels of?-radiation emitted from ceram-ic floor boards were91.1,76.8,75.1nGy /h for those manufactured in A,B and C province respectively,and92.7,88.9,78.0nGy /h for granular sur face-ceramic floor boards,polished surface-ceramic floor boards and com mon ceramic floor boards respec tively.Con clu sion For the consumers,the first selection of the common ceramic floor boards to dec-orate the floor was recommended.