Objective To observe the relationship of liver ultrasound class and urinary albumin excretion ratio (UAER) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods One hundred and ninety-seven T2DM patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of hepar adiposum: group A (66 subjects without NAFLD), group B (63 subjects with mild NAFLD) and group C (68 subjects with moderate or severe NAFLD). Their clinical indexes,UAER and biochemical parameters were measured and compared, the relative analysis of blood fat, HOMA-IR and UAER was done. Results Compared with those in group A, the levels of UAER were significantly increased [(86.49 ± 65.19) mg/24 h vs. (115.16 ± 101.99) mg/24 h vs. (159.45 ± 149.08) mg/24 h,P ＜ 0.05], and the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in group B and group C[(1.21 ± 0.37) mmol/L vs.(1.05 ± 0.38) mmol/L vs. (0.99 ± 0.21) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05]. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that triglyeride was the most important risk factor affecting UAER(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions There is a close relationship between NAFLD and UAER in T2DM. In the subjects with moderate or severe NAFLD, the UAER increases which indicates that these patients already have capillary vessel injury apparently.

0.05).Conclusion:The lymphoid tissues can not only express the ACTH-R?5-HT_ 1A-R protein but also synthesize their mRNA.ACTH and 5-HT can regulate the functions of the immune system through their receptors on the membrane of the immunocytes.

Objective To establish a method of quantiying trace α-galactosidase from Bacteroides fragilis in enzymatic conversion of blood group B to O red blood cells ( B-ECO RBCs) .Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant B.fragilisα-galactosidase ( the purity>90%) to prepare monoclonal antibodies.The ascites were prepared using hybridoma cell lines stably secreting antibody and purified by HiTrap rProtein A column.The antibody titer and spe-cificity were detected by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively.Purified monoclonal antibody and rabbit polyclonal an-tibody were applied to detect residual enzyme in B-ECO RBCs and the washing solution was analyzed by indirect ELISA. Results A high titer and purity antibody was obtained.Western blotting showed that the antibody specifically reacted with B.fragilisα-galactosidase.Moreover, indirect ELISA was sensitive enough to detect the minimal amount of residualα-gal-actosidase at the concentration of 1 ng/ml.After four repeat washing cycles with 1∶4 ( v/v) phosphate-buffered saline, the amount of residual enzyme in B-ECO RBCs was less than 10 ng/ml.Conclusion An effective method of detecting the min-imal amount of residual α-galactosidase in blood conversion is established for safety evaluation of universal RBCs prepara-tion by enzymatic treatment.

Objective To evaluate DTI for early diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI)in the moderate and sever traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods 30 patients with sTBI and 30 healthy controls were studied with T1 WI and DTI.The frac-tional anisotropy(FA)and ADC were quantified from different regions of interest(ROI)including the genu of corpus callosum(gCC), the trunk of CC,the splenium of CC(sCC)and the integrity CC.The FA and ADC of the same R0I was compared between TBI group and control group,and FA and ADC of the different parts of CC were compared in TBI group.Correlations between the FA or ADC and coma duration of the TBI patients were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Results Compared with control group,the FA value decreased significantly in each ROI,while ADC was reversed.The FA or ADC of the different ROI were correlated with co-ma duration in TBI group.Conclusion DTI is sensitive to detect the white matter injury of TBI.FA value detected in the CC can help diagnose DAI earlier and evaluate the degree of injury.

Objective To reduce immunogenicity of porcine skin by removingα-Gal epitopes expressed in cell surface and extracellular matrix using recombinant α-galactosidase produced by Bacteroides fragilis.Methods The porcine skin was harvested from healthy 2-month-old pigs without any skin disorders before being sterilized by iodine and 75%alcohol, respectively.Enzymatic removal of α-Gal antigen was followed by washing with PBS.The α-Gal antigen in the prepared porcine skin was measured with immunofluorostaining of cryosections and the residual enzyme was measured with a double-antibody sandwich ELISA method.Enzymatic removal procedures were optimized by detecting residual enzyme and the effi-cacy ofα-Gal removal under different enzymatic and washing conditions.Results Efficient enzymatic and washing methods were established to removeα-Gal antigen.Theα-Gal removal efficacy was above 90% and residual enzyme was undetect-able (αprescribed minimum ofα-galactosidase detection with indirect ELISA was 1 ng/ml) .Conclusion It is feasible to efficiently removeα-Gal antigen under these enzymatic and washing conditions, and a method of producing low-immunoge-nicity pig skin dressing for burn is established.

Objective To survey prevalence of behavior problems in children of off-farm workers and effects of family factors on children' s behavior problems.Methods The study was done in the whole 7 schools for off-farm workers' children in Shanghai Baoshan district,including all 3 ～ 6 grades students of primary school and 1 ～3 grades students of junior high school.Totally 4350 students finished survey (95.4％).Achenbach' s child behavior checklist ( CBCL,parent' s version) and general family questionnaire were used.Results ( 1 ) Prevalence of behavior problems in children was 11.2％ ; 12.8％ 12 ～ 16 years children had behavior problems( 14.7％boys and 10.4％ girls) ; 11.4％ of one-child children had behavior problems compared with that of 11.2％ child with siblings children ( x2 =0.038,P ＞ 0.05 ).(2) Total score ( 20.64 ± 17.67 ) and factor scores of thought problems,depressed,hyperactivity,delinquent rule-breaking behavior were higher than those of Chinese norm (P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ) among 6 ～ 11 years boy group.Total score ( 17.23 ± 14.73 ) and scores of thought problems,depressed,social problems,hyperactivity,delinquent rule-breaking behavior were higher than those of Chinese norm (P ＜ 0.01 ) among 6 ～ 11 years girl group.Among 12 ～ 16 years boy group,total score (20.44 ± 19.32) and all factor scores of CBCL were higher than those of Chinese norm(P＜0.01 ).Total score ( 17.02 ± 16.72) and scores of immature,delinquent rule-breaking behavior,brutality were higher than those of Chinese norm(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01 ) among 6 ～ 11 years girl group.(3)Multi-regression analysis showed that poor parent-child relationship was the most important predict factor for higher score of CBCL among all family risk factors (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Children of the off-farm workers and their families need special mental health care program.

To study the mechanism of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the therapeutic effects of the extract mixture of Dangyao (Swertia pseudochinensis Hara) and Shuifeiji (Silybum marianum Gaertn) on NAFLD rats with liver injury.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic orlistat and imported orlistat in Chinese overweight and obese patients. Methods In a randomized, double-blinded and positive-controlled study, 228 adults (BMI 24-< 40 kg/m~2) evaluated at seven research centers were randomized to receive domestic orlistat or imported orlistat 120 mg 3 times a day with an energy-controlled diet for 24 weeks. Results After 24 weeks, domestic orlistat treated patients got significant weight-loss (5.0±3.7) kg, which was comparable with that of imported orlistat treated patients (4.5±3.5) kg (P=0.3922).Compared with the findings before treatment, there was significant decrease of systolic blood pressure (4.4±11.5)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) and serum levels of TC (0.54±0.79) mmol/L and LDL-C (0.32±0.64) mmol/L in the domestic orlistat treated group(compared with levels of baseline, P< 0. 0001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the changes of blood pressure and lipid levels. Both groups had similar adverse event profiles, most of which were mild and transient gastrointestinal events. There were no serious adverse events in beth groups. Conclusions Domestic orlistat combined with a light low-energy diet promoted significant weight loss, which was comparable with that of imported orlistat after 24 weeks of treatment. There was also improvement in blood pressure and serum levels of TC and LDL-C. Domestic orlistat was as effective and safe as imported orlistat in the treatment of obesity.

The present study was conducted to develop new inhibitors of pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase from Chinese dietary herbs. Sixty-three dietary herbs from 39 taxonomic families were selected and extracted with aqueous ethanol or water. The extracts were then tested with in vitro enzyme assays for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase activities. Orlistat and acarbose were used as two positive controls. The extracts of Nelumbo nucifera, Curcuma longa, Piper longum and Morus alba showed strong pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects with IC50 at (28.00 +/- 5.51), (5.24 +/- 0.51), (14.76 +/- 2.58), (4.78 +/- 0.58), (3.41 +/- 0.67) mg x L(-1), respectively. These extracts also showed potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 at (1.98 +/- 0.13), (0. 18 + 0.007), (0.71 +/- 0.08), (0.077 +/- 0.005), (0.089 +/- 0.006) g x L(-1), respectively. The results provide useful information for developing new drugs or natural health products for hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia from Chinese dietary herbs.
Curcuma ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Lipase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Morus ; chemistry ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Pancreas ; enzymology ; Piper ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

Objective: To explore the effect of the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs) on the pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis rats. Methods: SPF male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, silica model group and UC-MSCs treatment group with 12 rats each group. SiO₂ intra-tracheal injection(0.5 ml of 50 mg/ml/rat) were applied to silica model group and UC-MSCs treatment groups. After that UC-MSCs treatment group received 1 ml UC-MSCs suspension (3×10⁶ cells/ml) by tail vein injection on the 29th, 36th, 43th and 50th day after exposure to the first silica suspension. On the 60th and 75th day after exposure to silica suspension, all animals were examed for pulmonary CT. Then the rats were euthanized on 75th day after the first exposure to silica.Lung's histopathological examination of the rats from all the groups were carried out. The content of hydroxyproline in lungs, TGF-β1 and IL-6 in serum were examined. Results: The lung's histopathological examination showed no obvious inflammatory cell and no fibrosis in the lung tissue of the control group, there were a lot of inflammatory cell aggregation and collagen fiber deposition in silica model group, while in the UC-MSCs intervention group and treatment group, there were less inflammatory cells and collagen fiber. The rats from silica model groups had higher HYP, TGF-β1 and IL-6 than the rats from UC-MSCs treatment group and control group. Lung fields of rats in the control group were clear and no obvious high-density shadow. Different-sized granular high-density shadows or reticular fibrous shadows were found diffusely distributed in the lungs of the rats in silica model group. Lung field of rats in UC-MSCs intervention group and treatment group were less high density shadows, and more clear. Conclusion UC-MSCs can alleviate the pulmonary fibrosis in silica model rats through regulating the secretion of some fibrosis related cytokines.