Objective To explore pre C and YMDD motif mutant of hepatitis B virus during lamivudine therapy. Methods From five chronic hepatitis B patients with serum HBeAg seroconversion but HBV DNA positive by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) following lamivudine therapy, sequences of the pre C and P genes of hepatitis B virus were analyzed by direct PCR product sequencing methods. Results All the five patients were observed to have G to A variations at nucleotide 1896. However, such mutations were observed only in 2 of the 5 patients before HBeAg seroconversion emerged. Meanwhile YMDD mutations were found in all the five patients during lamivudine therapy three of which were M552I mutants, two were M552I associated with L528M. One of the five patients had no reaction to the therapy, four had HBV DNA breakthrough during therapy. Conclusions The mutants of pre C associated with YMDD mutations may arise in the patients with HBeAg seroconversion and positive HBV DNA during the treatment of lamivudine. HBV DNA should be detected in the patients with HBeAg seroconversion to exclude the pre C mutation.

Objective Setting up a method to detect YMDD mutation during lamivudine therapy. Methods Two specific fluorescent probes were designed, on the unpaired base can remarkably affect melting temperature when oligonucleotide probe binding to DNA template. 297 patients (354 sera samples) were detected YMDD mutation by real time fluorimetry PCR. Results 156 YMDD mutation were found in 354 sera samples (44.1%), in which the mixed variant species were 34%(53/156). In the same time, nine sera samples wre sequenced. The results of sequencing were fully corresponded to those of fluorimetry PCR. The statistical analysis showed that YMDD variants were obviously correlated with ALT level(P

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC fingerprint for Anemone raddeana. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Phemomenex Gemini C18 with mobile phase of 0.1%phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 206 nm,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 20μl. With the refer-ence of raddeanin A,13 batches of A. raddeana were analyzed,chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system software was conducted for similarity analysis,and SPSS 13.0 was conducted for cluster analysis. RESULTS:There were 11 common peaks in the 13 batches of A. raddeana with similarity of higher than 0.90. According to the verification,the fingerprint and control fin-gerprint shows good consistency. The drugs in Huadian,Jiaohe, Tiangang,Shulan,Tonghua and Fusong of Jilin and Shangzhi of Heilongjiang were regarded as category 1,and in Harbin,Yabuli town and Yimianpo of Heilongjiang,Qingyuan of Liaoning,Ji-nan of Shandong were category 2. CONCLUSIONS:The established fingerprint can provide reference for the identification and quality evaluation of A. raddeana.

Objective This study was carried out to investigate the effect of myocardial insulin resistance on expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in ischemic heart failure in rat.Methods Male sprague-dawley rats were subjected either to ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (n =24) or to sham operation (n =24).After two weeks,cardiac size and function were determined by echocardiography.Glucose and fatty acid (FAO) oxidation rates as well as insulin response were measured in the isolated working heart.The protein expression of p38MAPK was evaluated by Western blotting.Results The infarcted hearts were dilated and had a reduced ejection fraction (ejection fraction ＜0.50).The basal glucose oxidation was preserved,but the fatty acid oxidation was significantly reduced.Insulin effect on substrate oxidation was significantly impaired for both the decrease in fatty acid oxidation and the increase in glucose oxidation.The protein expression of p38MAPK in infracted hearts wasfisigni cantly reduced(P＜0.05).Condusion Myocardial infarction in rats caused partial insulin resistance at the level of substrate oxidation,which was associated with cardiac contractile dysfunction and the expression of p38MAPK.

To observe the effects of emodin ( Emo) on acute fatty liver in mice induced by DL-ethionine ( DL-Eth) or tetracyclin ( Tetra) and its potential mechanism, ICR mice of acute fatty liver model induced by DL-Eth were orally administered with Emo or positive control, ursodeoxycholic acid ( UDCA) for 7 days. On day 7, except that the control and Emo groups were treated with vehicle control, animals were orally administered with DL-Eth to induce acute fatty liver model. ICR mice of acute fatty liver model induced by Tetra were orally administered with Emo or positive control, Dong Bao Gan Tai ( DB) or total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extract ( AME) for 7 days. From day 4, except that the control group was treated with vehicle control, animals were injec-ted with Tetra intraperitoneally for 4 days to induce acute fatty liver model. Liver histopathological analyses were determined by HE staining. Serum aspartate transaminase ( AST) , alanine transaminase ( ALT) , serum triglyceride ( TG) , hepatic TG and hepatic total cholesteol ( TC) were detected. The expression of phosphorylated AMP-activa-ted kinase ( p-AMPK) , phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase ( p-ACC) , SREBP1 and fatty acid synthase ( FAS) were determined by Western blot. The expression of fatty acid translocase ( CD36 ) , peroxisome proliferator activa-ted receptor alpha ( PPARα) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein ( MTTP ) in liver were determined by RT-PCR. Compared with model groups, Emo could improve hepatocyte swelling and hepatic steatosis induced by DL-Eth or Tetra. Serum AST, ALT, serum TG, hepatic TG and hepatic TC were decreased by Emo significantly. DL-Eth-induced increase of fatty acid synthetase-associated protein was down-regulated by Emo. Fatty acid uptake was down-regulated by Emo; fatty acid oxidation and secretion were increased by Emo. Emo might be effective in preventing acute fatty liver in mice induced by DL-Eth or Tetra.

Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on the proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis of three breast cell lines DU4475,MDA-MB-23land MCF-7 with different estrogen receptor (ER) expressions.Methods Res was added to the drug treatment group at 6.25,12.5,25,50,100 and 200 μmol/L,respectively.Three observation periods at 24,48 and 72 hours were set up respectively.MTT assay was used to detect the effects of Res on proliferation of breast cells.Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).The concentrations of drugs were 0,12.5,25,50 μmol/L.The results were analysed by the statistical software SPSS17.0.Results After Res intervention,the proliferations of three cell lines were inhibited to different extent.After 48 and 72 hours of Res,inhibitions of Res with different concentration were significant different (F =15.26,P ＜ 0.05).Inhibition rates of DU4475 and MDA-MB-231 with ER-negative were higer than that of MCF-7 with ER-positive.FCM results prompted that these three kinds of cells were blocked in S phase after 48 hours treatment of 12.5-50 μmol/L Res and the block percentages had significant difference (F =34.81,P ＜ 0.05).The percentages of S phase for DU4475 and MDA-MB-231 arresting were higher than that of MCF-7.For DU4475,the apoptotic and necrosis percentage were higher than that of MCF-7 at 100 μmol/L (t =16.082,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Res can inhibit proliferation,induce cell cycle changing and apoptosis of DU4475,MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells.The inhibitions of Res on DU4475 and MDA-MB-231 are better than that of MCF-7 with ER-positive.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of susceptibility?weighted imaging(SWI) in detecting intramedullary hemorrhage of traumatic acute spinal cord injury. Methods From October 2012 to December 2014, 37 TSCI (traumatic spinal cord injuries) patients undergone the MRI scans including routine MRI and SWI were enrolled. Further according to ASIA classification standard, all patients were evaluated as ASIA A (n=4), ASIA B (n=4), ASIA C (n=19) and ASIA D (n=10). Referring to axial T2WI images at the same slice, the manifestations of hemorrhage in amplitude image, phase image and SWI were evaluated. At the slice with maximal size of hemorrhage area and its neighboring slices, the hemorrhage regions were manually drawn; and the total area was automatically calculated. The number of hemorrhage lesions was defined as the number of hemorrhage lesions at single slice × slice number. One?way ANOVA was used to compare the differences among different grading ASIA in terms of hemorrhage area and number. Meanwhile, the relations between hemorrhage area and ASIA grade; hemorrhage number and ASIA grade were evaluated by Spearman rank correlation. Results The hemorrhage was detected by SWI in 15 patients, including 4 ASIA A, 4 ASIA B, 7 ASIA C. Hemorrhage represents as isointense in T1WI and a slightly low signal intensity or isointense in the center companied by high intensity at circus in T2WI. In magnitude image and SWI hemorrhage appears as low signal intensity and low signal intensity in the center companied by high intensity at circus in phase image. In detecting the hemorrhage, SWI (98 lesions were detected) was 5.4 times of T2WI (19 lesion were detected). As for the number of hemorrhage, significant differences were found among ASIA grading A, B and C (grading A:22.5 ± 1.3, grading B:19.5 ± 1.3, grading C:4.0 ± 1.1;F=38.720, P<0.01); Further the pairwise comparison showed statistical significance (P<0.05); besides, the number of hemorrhage lesions closely related with the ASIA grade (r=0.864, P<0.01). For the hemorrhage area, the calculated results of grading ASIA A, B and C were (23.5 ± 0.6), (21.8 ± 1.9), (3.9 ± 0.7) mm2, respectively; there were significant differences among the different ASIA grades (F=29.987, P<0.001);furthermore the hemorrhage area also showed closely relation with the ASIA grade (r=0.778, P<0.01). Conclusions SWI is more sensitive in detecting the hemorrhage in traumatic acute spinal cord injury. The more number and area of bleeding area suggest the more severe of the damage level.

Objective:To investigate the basic characteristics and treatment of aseptic nonunion of femoral shaft in Xi'an Red Cross Hospital from 2013 to 2020.Methods:The data were analyzed retrospectively of the patients with aseptic nonunion of femoral shaft who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2013 to December 2020. The patients' data from 2013 to 2016 were assigned into group A while those from 2017 to 2020 into group B. The data like gender, age and nonunion were statistically analyzed and compared between the 2 groups.Results:A total of 311 patients with aseptic nonunion of femoral shaft were diagnosed and treated during the 8 years, accounting for 54.6% (311/570) of the femur nonunion, 32.8% (311/949) of the lower extremity nonunion, 25.0% (311/1,242) of the extremity nonunion, and 22.7% (311/1,370) of the whole body nonunion. There were 244 males and 67 females; the majority of patients were in the age group of 21 to 50 (67.2%, 209/311). The occupation distribution was the most common in farmers (49.2%, 153/311). Traffic injury was the most common cause for primary fractures (40.8%, 127/311). The most common type of injury was closed injury (89.4%, 278/311); the most common type of nonunion was atrophic nonunion (87.8%, 273/311); intramedullary nailing was the main treatment for primary fractures (54.3%, 169/311); channel osteogenesis was the main treatment for secondary nonunion (62.1%, 193/311); autologous iliac bone grafting was the most common grafting for atrophic nonunion (83.5%, 228/311). Compared with group A, the proportion of aseptic nonunion of femoral shaft in group B increased by 9.2% in the femoral nonunions, by 6.9% in the lower extremity nonunions, and by 6.0% in the extremity nonunions, and by 5.2% in the whole body nonunions, showing statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the types of nonunion, occupational distribution, first-stage fracture treatment, second-stage nonunion treatment, and bone grafting method between the 2 groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The patients with aseptic nonunion of the femoral shaft were more common in young and middle-aged male heavy manual laborers, and the condition was increasing in recent years. The channel osteogenesis technique was still the preferred treatment method in the hospital investigated.

Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy (BCD) is an autosomal recessive retinal degenerative disease characterized by crystalline deposits in the retina,followed by progressive atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE),choriocapillaris and photoreceptors.CYP4V2 has been identified as causative gene for BCD.At present,multiple gene mutation sites have been found in BCD patients.CYP4V2 gene belongs to cytochrome P450,it participates in the ω-hydroxylase activity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).CYP4V2 proteins are mainly distributed in the RPE,docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as specific catalytic substrates,and play an important role in ocular physiological lipid recycling system.CYP4V2 gene mutations can disrupt the endogenous fatty acids or steroid synthesis and decomposition approach.The treatment of BCD always refers to retinitis pigmentosa (RP),and the study of mutation sites have provided the possibility for future gene therapy.Understanding the mechanism of molecular genetics and the pathophysiology of disease will be useful for the genetic diagnosis of BCD and potential development of genetic therapy in the future.This article reviewed the molecular genetic mechanism of BCD,in vivo expression and role of CYP4V2 in lipid metabolism and the treatment of BCD.