Objective To analyse the clinical situations and other factors that influence the PetCO2 monito-ring. The analysis can improve the nursing care for mechanical ventilated patients. Methods To retrospectively ana-lyze 212 PetCO2 monitoring ntanbers and capnograms in 108 mechanical ventilated patients. Results PetCO2 abnor-malities rate was 13.4%; leakage in the ventilator system was 30.4%; endotracheal tube malposition 6.8%; endo-tracheal tube baloon leakage 11.3%; secreations 22.4%; hyperventilation 12.5%; hypopeffusion 7.6%; hypoper-fusion of the lung 5.8%; mechanical malfunctioning 3.2%. Conclusions Continue monitoring of PetCO2 and cap-nogram along with hemodynamic monitoring in mechanical ventilated patients can timely find patients' problems and promptly use appropriate interventions. The understanding of these monitoring systems can improve the quality of the nursing care for the critically ill patients.

Objective To improve the quality standard for quality control of Baji Bushen Pills.Methods Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in this medicine were identified by TLC,the 2,3,5,4’-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-?-D-glucoside content in this medicine was determined by HPLC.The acetonitril-water(18:82)solution was used as the mobile phase,the column was C18,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and the detective wavelength was at 320 nm.Results Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Radix Angelicae Sinensis could be identified by TLC.2,3,5,4’-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-?-D-glucoside showed a good linear relationship at the range of 11.28 ?g/mL～282.00 ?g/mL(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 96.1 %with RSD of 0.8 %(n=6).Conclusion The method is simple,reliable,accurate and can be applied to the quality control of the preparation.

BACKGROUND: The risks in pregnancy to the developing fetus result in cerebral palsy after delivery. Therefore, the study on etiology of cerebral palsy should transfer to biological field of embryonic development and stress on multi-factor analysis on relevant environment of pregnant mother,hereditary factors and relevant diseases.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the main risks of incidence of infantile cerebral palsy.DESIGN: Pair design at ratio of 1:2 and Logistic regression analysis of multi-factors were applied.SETTING: Prevention Medical Research Room of Jiamusi University and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 103 cases of infantile cerebral palsy were collected from Jiamusi Treatment and Education Center of Cerebral palsy,Shanyang Pediatrics Hospital and Qingdao Pediatrics Hospital from December 2002 to September 2003, of which, 68 cases were male and 35 cases were female. The guardians were in the know and agreed with the investigation. The pair principle at ratio of 1:2 was adopted, based on which, 206 cases of sick children with non-cerebral palsy and disorders in neurological system and healthy children treated at same period in the hospitals were collected as the control. The match conditions in the control were same sex, same nationality and difference in age ± 3 months.sy and healthy children was self-designed. The investigated items included mainly: Factors before delivery (hereditary factors): family history of similar disease; mother's factor: general situations, such as occupation, educational background and age of delivery; behavioral factors of birth: including times of pregnancy, times of delivery and abnormal delivery; healthcare and nutrient in pregnancy: such as examination before delivery and intakes of various foods; sickness or abnormal manifestations in pregnancy: including pathogen infection, pregnant syndromes and vaginal bleeding; medication in pregnancy, fetal placents factors: such as neck winding, mass weight of birth, twin pregnancy, factors during delivery (complications in delivery,methods of delivery) and neonatal factors (various kinds of disorders in neonates). Questionnaire of investigation was performed by looking-up medanalysis was done on single factor and multi-factors. The factors that presented statistical significance in single-factor analysis, significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) and P value near to 0.05 were adopted to establish the model of multiple Logistic regression of main risks of cerebral palsy and conditional Logistic regression analysis was carried on.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis on the effects of factors before delivery, during delivery and in neonatal phase on incidence of cerebral palsy.RESULTS: Totally 103 cases of cerebral palsy and 206 cases of healthy factors: Occupation of mother was associated with cerebral palsy. Worker and age ≥34 years were the risks of cerebral palsy (OR=13.333, 2.864,eating fish and sea products in pregnancy, pre-delivery body temperature,mass weight of birth ＞ 4 000 g and pregnant weeks of 37 to 42 were the protective factors of cerebral palsy (OR=0.028-0.576, P ＜ 0.05-0.01); abnormal delivery history and vaginal bleeding in pregnancy were the risks of ery: Apgar score and caesarian section were the protective factors of cerebral palsy (OR=0.458, 0.343, P ＜ 0.01); forceps delivery and delivery with oxytocin were the risks ofcerebral palsy (OR=16.338, 2.116, P ＜ 0.01,of newborn and neonatal intracranial hemorrhage were the risks of cerebral sion analysis: Forceps delivery was the highest risk (OR =70.668) and the sequence risk degree from high to low was asphyxia of newborn, elder age of pregnant mother, vaginal bleeding in pregnancy and abnormal mass weight of birth (OR=19.083-4.138, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). Eating fish and sea products in pregnancy and caesarian section were the protective factors (OR=0.324; 0.262, P ＜ 0.01, 0.05).CONCLUSION: Risks of cerebral palsy are mainly focused on pregnant period and perinatal period. It is suggested to prevent and eliminate actively various risks of cerebral palsy before, during and after delivery (such as forceps delivery, asphyxia of newborn, elder age of pregnant mother,vaginal bleeding in pregnancy and abnormal mass weight of birth) so as to reduce the incidence rate of cerebral palsy.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by altered social communication,alongside restricted and stereotyped behaviors and interests,bringing a heavy burden to the family and society.International experts develop the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for individuals with ASD.The ICF core sets for ASD will be a tool to describe individual functioning comprehensively.

Objective: To investigate whether microRNA(miR)-214 can improve hyperglycemia induced pyroptosis in H9c2 cells through targeting caspase-1. Methods: H9c2 cells of rats those in good growth condition were selected and incubated into the T25 culture bottle after digestion and passage. Cells were cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃ with 5%CO₂, repeat passage was made after cell density reached about 80%, The 5^th to 8^th generations of cells were selected for the subsequent experiments. To observe the effect of overexpression of miR-214 on pyroptosis and caspase-1 expression in H9c2 cells induced by hyperglycemia, the cells were divided into 4 groups: Control group(H9c2 cells cultured normally), Hyperglycemia group (HG group, 50 mmol/L glucose was used to intervene H9c2 cells for 24 hours), miR-214 mimics+hyperglycosis group (mimics+HG group, H9c2 cells were transfected with miR-214 mimics for 24 hours and then treated with 50 mmol/L hyperglycosis for 24 hours), miR-214 mimic-negative control+hyperglycaemic group(MNC+HG group, H9c2 cells were transfected with miR-214 mimic-negative control for 24 hours and then treated with 50 mmol/L hyperglycaemic for 24 hours). In order to further verify the anti-pyroptosis effect of miR-214 was mediated by targeted inhibition on caspase-1, cells overexpressing caspase-1 were used in the rescue experiment. The cells overexpressing caspase-1 were divided into 4 groups: Hyperglycemia group (HG group, 50 mmol/L glucose was used to intervene H9c2 cells for 24 hours), miR-214 mimics+hyperglycosis group (mimics+HG group, H9c2 cells were transfected with miR-214 mimics for 24 hours and then treated with 50 mmol/L hyperglycosis for 24 hours), miR-214 mimics+hyperglycosis+recombinant adenovirus (Ad-caspase-1-EGFP) group with caspase-1 gene and EGFP green fluorescent protein expression (mimics+HG+Ad-caspase-1-EGFP group, H9c2 cells were transfected with caspase-1-green fluorescent protein-carrying adenovirus for 48 hours, followed by transfection of miR-214 mimics for 24 hours, and then treated with 50 mmol/L hyperglycaemia for 24 hours), miR-214 mimics+HG+Ad-EGFP empty virus group (mimics+HG+Ad-EGFP group, H9c2 cells were transfected with empty adenovirus containing green fluorescent protein for 48 hours, followed by transfection with miR-214 mimics for 24 hours, and then treated with 50 mmol/L hyperglycosis for 24 hours). The mRNA expression levels of miRNA-214 and caspase-1 in cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression and localization of caspase-1 protein were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of procaspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, NLRP3 and ACS with β-actin as internal reference. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in cell culture medium was detected by ELISA. The correlation between miR-214 and caspase-1 was detected by double luciferase reporter gene. Results: (1) The mRNA expression levels of miR-214 and caspase-1 in each group: the mRNA expressions of miR-214 in HG group and MNC+HG group were significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of miR-214 in mimics+HG group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of caspase-1 in HG group and MNC+HG group were significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of caspase-1 in mimics+HG group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05). (2) The expression of caspase-1 in each group: the green fluorescence intensity in the control group was weak, which was strong in the HG group and MNC+HG group. The green fluorescence expression was weaker in mimics+HG group than in HG group. (3) ASC and NLRP3 protein expression levels in each group: ASC and NLRP3 protein expression levels in HG group and MNC+HG group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05). ASC and NLRP3 protein expression levels were significantly lower in mimics+HG group than in mimics+HG group (P<0.05). (4) The secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cell culture medium of each group: the content of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cell culture medium of HG group and MNC+HG group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The content of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cell culture medium of mimics+HG group was significantly lower than that of the HG group (P<0.05). (5) Correlation between miR-214 and caspase-1: miR-214 specifically binds to caspase-1 3 ′UTR. Meanwhile, Western blot results showed that cleaved caspase-1 protein expression levels were significantly higher in both HG group and MNC+HG group than in control group (P<0.05). The levels of cleaved caspase-1 were significantly lower in mimics+HG group than in HG group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in procaspase-1 expression among groups (P>0.05). (6) The expression levels of procaspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, ASC and NLRP3 in each group in rescue experiment: there was no significant difference in the expression of procaspase-1 in each group (P>0.05). Cleaved caspase-1, ASC and NLRP3 protein expressions were significantly lower in mimics+HG group than in HG group (P<0.05). However, cleaved caspase-1, ASC and NLRP3 protein expressions were significantly higher in mimics+HG+ Ad-caspase-1-EGFP group than in mimics+HG group (P<0.05). (7) The expression of IL-1β and IL-18 in rescue experiment: the secretions of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cell culture medium of the mimics+HG group were significantly lower than that of HG group (P<0.05), which were significantly higher in mimics+HG+Ad-caspase-1-EGFP group than in mimics+HG group (P<0.05). Conclusion miR-214 can improve the hyperglycemia induced pyroptosis in H9c2 cells by targeted inhibition of the caspase-1.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of SIMPLE regimen in the treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL).Methods:The clinical data of 11 patients with ENKTCL who were admitted to the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2012 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients received 4-6 courses of SIMPLE (cisplatin, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, etoposide, dexamethasone, and pegasparaginase) regimen chemotherapy, and stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients who also received local radiotherapy after 2 or 3 courses of chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated for mid-treatment and end-of-treatment outcomes, and the adverse effects of patients were evaluated in each treatment cycle. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the 11 patients.Results:All 11 patients were nasal type, with the median age of 41 years old (26-67 years old), including 5 males and 6 females, 3 relapsed cases and 8 newly treated cases. Of the 10 patients evaluated for efficacy, 9 achieved complete remission and 1 achieved at least partial remission (efficacy was assessed based on follow-up). All 11 patients were followed up for a median time of 50 months (15-72 months) and 2 relapsed patients died due to disease progression. The expected 5-year PFS rate and OS rate of 11 patients were both 90.0%, and the expected 5-year OS rate was 100.0% and 66.6% in newly treated and relapsed patients, respectively. Common adverse effects were hematologic adverse reactions, infections, gastrointestinal symptoms, elevated transaminases, and hypofibrinogenemia, all of which were curable. There is no treatment-related death.Conclusions:The SIMPLE regimen for the treatment of ENKTCL has a high remission rate, the patients have long survival time, and the regimen is moderately well tolerated.

Objective:To explore the influence of patient participation-based dietary intervention on nutritional status for patients with severe burn.Methods:From September 2017 to January 2019, 60 severe burn patients hospitalized in the department of burn and plastic surgery of Qingdao Municipal Hospital were recruited and divided into the experimental group ( n=30) and the control group ( n=30) according to the random number table method. The control group received a regular diet. While the experimental group received a patient participation-based dietary intervention(PPDI), The wound healing time and the value of nutritional status index, such as height, body mass index(BMI), serum albumin, serum prealbumin, in the two groups on admission, at 2 weeks after intervention, 4 weeks after intervention were compared. The nutritional knowledge questionnaire of burn patients and "3-day diet diary" were used for investigation. Results:The score of nutritional knowledge showed no significant difference between the two groups before intervention. After intervention, the score of nutritional knowledge in the experimental group was 21.40±2.42, significantly higher than that in the control group (19.00±2.26) ( t value was 3.975, P<0.01). For time effect and between-group effect, there were significant difference in serum albumin between two groups ( F values were 9.232, 4.651, P<0.05); the time effect and between-group effect of serum prealbumin were statistically significant ( F values were 11.592, 6.228, P < 0.05). The wound healing time in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t value was -3.801, P<0.01). Conclusions:Patient participation-based dietary intervention can effectively enhanced the level of nutritional knowledge, improved nutritional status, shortened wound healing time among patients with severe burn.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cerebral palsy(CP)in children aged 1-6 years in China,including the incidence,prevalence,type of CP,etiology,prevention and rehabilitation status. Methods The survey was carried out by standard questionnaires,multi-center collaboration,stratified-cluster ran-dom sampling method.The surveyed adopted the following principles:streets in the city and villages in the rural areas, and the number of the urban and rural children was the same,and the proportion of children in each age group was balanced.The investigation areas included provinces and autonomous regions,including Heilongjiang,Beijing,Henan, Shandong,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Anhui,Hunan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Chongqing and Qinghai,and 323 858 children were in-vestigated.Results The incidence of CP was 2.48‰(155/62 591 cases),and the prevalence was 2.46‰(797/323 858 cases)(1-6 years old).The prevalence varied in different regions,in which the highest prevalence was 5. 40‰(54/9 998 cases)in Qinghai province,and the lowest prevalence was 1.04‰(47/45 133 cases)in Shandong province.The prevalence of the males(2.64‰,461/174 391 cases)was higher than that of the females(2.25‰, 336/149 467 cases),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The types of CP were spastic type (58.85%,469/797 cases),mixed type(13.17%,105/797 cases),dyskinetic(9.79%,78/797 cases),hypotonic (8.28%,66/797 cases),ataxia(6.25%,52/797 cases)and rigid(3.39%,27/797 cases)respectively in 797 CP children.The first three risk factors for CP were long -term exposure to harmful physical factors during pregnancy, whether there were birth defects among the three generations of relatives of the children,such as children's peers, parents or grandparents,whether there were birth defects among the children's peers,parents or grandparents,and neonatal jaundice or persistent jaundice.Among 797 CP children,79.67% of the children with CP were timely detected and treated in the local hospitals,while the other 19.93% of them were not timely treated.The places which could give them timely detection and early diagnosis and treatment were general hospitals(42.97%),Maternity and Infant Hospitals (27.03%)and Children's Hospitals(20.31%). The main rehabilitation methods for 797 children with CP were 34.58% in the hospitals or rehabilitation centers,31.61% in the communities(including at home),33.80% mainly in the medical institution,and in the communities they could also receive partially rehabilitation services. Conclusions The prevalence of CP in China is coincident with international levels.The prevalence rate of CP in males is higher than that in females.The types of CP distribution are accorded with international distribution characteristics.There were still some children with CP who could not receive timely detection and treatment.Rehabilitation at the medical institutions is the chief way and proper rehabilitation guidance should be carried out in the communities.