Objective To explore the role of Bcl-2 and Bax in pathogenesis of the autism. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (VPA, 600 mg/kg) on 12.5 d after pregnancy, their offspring were as the model group; while the other pregnancy rats were given normal saline, their offspring were as the control group. Both groups were observed with the Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry of Bcl-2 and Bax and image analysis 1 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 56 d after birth. Results Compared with the control group, Nissl staining showed the number of cortical neurons decreased on 1 d and 7 d after birth in the model group, rapidly increased on 14 d after birth, and maintained in high level on 28d , 56 d after birth. For immunohistochemistry, the integrated optical density (IOD) of Bcl-2 and Bax decreased in cortex on 1~14 d after birth (P<0.001) in both groups, and were stable 28 d after birth (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the IOD of Bcl-2 decreased much more at every time point (P<0.001) in the model group, but the IOD of Bax increased on 1 d, 7 d (P<0.001), decreased on 14 d (P<0.001), similar 28 after birth(P>0.05). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was the most on 1 d after birth, and then decreased to approximately 1 in the control group, while it was the least on 7 d, most on 14 d, and decrease to less than 128 d after birth. Conclusion Apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons increases in the autism model rats, especially in the early time.

Objective To prospectively observe the changes of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram(aEEG) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods Thirty-five HIE neonates with gestational age of 37 ～ 41 weeks were chosen as HIE group,and all of them were hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Bethune International Peace Hospital from Aug 2011 to Jan 2012.At the same time,40 healthy term neonates were chosen as control group.aEEG monitoring was done within 24 ～ 48 hours after birth with cerebral function monitor (CF3000) and each recording last at least 8 hours.The continuity,sleep-wake cycle,voltage of every aEEG tracing were analyzed.Results (1) The maximal voltage of aEEG tracing in control group was 30 μV,while that in HIE group was 16 μV.The minimal voltage of aEEG tracing in control group was 13 μV,while that in HIE group was 7 μV.The aEEG tracing amplitude both in highest and lowest in HIE group were significantly lower than those in the control group.There were significant differences between them (P ＜ 0.05).(2) There was significant difference of sleep-wake cycling between HIE group and control group[20％ (7/35) vs 100％ (40/40),x2 =51.064,P ＜ 0.05].While there was also significant difference of the continuity of the amplitude between HIE group and control group[31％ (11/35)vs 100％ (40/40),x2 =40.336,P ＜0.05].Conclusion aEEG has some specific changes in neonates with HIE,possiblility it can be used for earlier predicting the occurrence of brain damage after asphyxia and provides good evidence for the early diagnosis and treatment of HIE.

Objective To observe the expression of FAS/FASL in brain of autism model rats induced by sodium valproate,and study the role of FAS/FASL in pathogenesis of autism.Methods Female wistar rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate(VPA,600 mg/kg) on 12.5 d after pregnancy,and their offspring were used as the experimental group;while the other pregnancy rats were given the same dose of normal saline,and their offspring were used as the control group.The growth,social and non-social behaviors,repetitive stereotyped movements of both groups were observed and tested.The expressions of FAS/FASL in brain of both groups on 1 d,7 d,l4 d,28 d,56 d and 90 d after birth were observed and compared by means of immunohistochemistry and image analysis.Results Compared with the control group,the rats in experimental group had stunted growth,a decrease in social behavior,an increase in non-social behavior,with repetitive stereotyped movements increased,and there were significant differences (all P ＜0.05) ;FAS/FASL expression was less on 1 d after birth,and it was growing gradually with age in days,and expression reached the peak on 28 d and then began to decrease.Compared with the control group,all day-old rats' FAS and FASL expression in the experimental group were significantly raised (all P ＜ 0.05).In experimental group,the brain FAS/FASL IOD values on 28 d after the birth reached the maximum,and 90 d after the birth reached the minimum.In the control group brain FAS/FASL IOD values on 14 d after the birth reached the maximum,and 1 d after the birth reached the minimum.Conclusions The apoptotic cell of autism model rats' brain neure is increasing firstly and then decreasing by FAS/FASL apoptotic pathway,and reach apoptosis peak on 28d.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common activity limitition of children, their movement and posture impairments persist throughout whole life.In recent years, CP has been significantly increasing with the improved survival rate of newborns.This may lead to a great burden and costs to both the family and the society.A variety of risk factors have been proposed to be associated with CP.However, recent abroad researches indicate that genetic factors may predispose to CP of newborns and initial results of related researches infer that several susceptibility genes may contribute to CP's development, masqueraders have a great impact on CP's clinical symptoms.Now, the recent publications related to virulence genes and masqueraders of CP are reviewed.

Objective To explore the effects ofBuzhong Yiqi Pills on HBV-related decompensated liver cirrhosis patients.Methods A total of 176 patients of HBV-related decompensated liver cirrhosis were enrolled in the study from January 2007 to January 2010 and were divided into treatment group (82 cases) and control group (94 cases) according to patient's wishes. Patients in both groups were given antiviral therapy. According to the liver function and complications, patients were given glycyrrhizin to protect liver, Kuhuang Injection to treat jaundice, and spironolactone and furosemide for diuretic treatment. Patients in the treatment group receivedBuzhong Yiqi Pills, one bag for each time, twice a day, four weeks as a treatment session, three sessions each year, with five-year follow-up. Effects ofBuzhong Yiqi Pills on the hepatorenal function, blood coagulation, blood routine, complications and survival rate in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were observed.ResultsBuzhong Yiqi Pills could effectively improve the hepatorenal function, blood routine and coagulation disorders of HBV-related decompensated liver cirrhosis patients (P<0.05,P<0.01). The rate of complications with hydrothorax and ascites (46.34% vs. 88.30%), upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (39.02% vs. 69.15%), infection (31.71% vs. 57.45%), hepatic encephalopathy (23.17% vs. 54.26%), hepatorenal syndrome (6.10% vs. 18.09%) and chronic hepatic failure (9.76% vs. 25.53%) in the treatment group and the control group were with statistical significance (P<0.05,P<0.01). The five-year survival rates were significantly higher in the treatment group (79.27%) compared with the control group (64.89%), with statistical significance (χ2=5.353,P=0.021).ConclusionLong term use ofBuzhong Yiqi Pills can significantly decrease the complications of HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis and improve survival rate of patients.

Objective To explore the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in blood plasma and its relation with the behavior ofchildren with autism. Methods High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the level of free PUFAs of blood plasma in30 autistic children and 20 healthy children. Conner's Parent Rating Scale (parents) and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) RatingScale were used to evaluate the behavior of the children, and the relationship between the PUFAs level and abnormal behavior in the childrenwas also analyzed. Results The level of α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 PUFAs were lower in autisticchildren than in healthy children (P<0.05), especially lower in DHA (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in n-3 PUFAs betweentwo groups (P>0.05); There were negatively correlations between the level of DHA and total n-3 PUFAs in blood plasma and impulsion-hyperactivity,hyperactivity index, learning, anxiety, stereotypic behavior, self-injurious behavior, compulsions, ritualistic behavior and samenessbehavior. Conclusion The level of n-3 PUFAs in blood plasma of autistic children was lower than the healthy children and the level ofPUFAs were correlated with the behavior of autistic children.

Objective To explore the mental health and personality traits of the parents of cerebral palsy children. Methods 128 parents of cerebral palsy children and other 128 parents of healthy children were investigated with the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results The scores of SCL-90 were more in the parents of cerebral palsy children, especially in the factors of somatization, obsession, depression, anxiety, and paranoid (P<0.01). The personality traits characterized as introversion (P<0.05) and neuroticism (P<0.01). The multiple regression showed that some factors of SCL-90 were related with the personality of neuroticism. Conclusion The mental health of the parents of children with cerebral palsy are poor, which may be related with the personality of neuroticism.

Objectives To investigate the clinical characteristics of hypoglycemic brain damage, and to assess the ifndings of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and its predictive value in hypoglycemic brain damage. Methods Twenty-four neonates diagnosed with hypoglycaemia were selected. 12-hour continuous aEEG recordings were performed on the day when hypoglycaemia was diagnosed and second aEEG tracings was performed on the same day or the day after. The variability of aEEG background, appearance of sleep-wake cycling, bandwidth span and amplitude of lower border were analysed and compared with the results of brain MRI. Results Different degrees of epileptic seizures were found in neonates with severe hypoglycemic brain damage and were persisted after the blood sugar was corrected. aEEG in hypoglycemic brain damage was characterized by calyptriform or jagged epileptiform activity, disappearance of the sleep-wake cycle, but little impact on amplitude of lower border and bandwidth span. The recovery of sleep-wake cycle was a sign of brain function recovery. The aEEG and MRI had a good consistency in monitoring the hypoglycemic brain damage. Conclusions aEEG have signiifcant changes in hypoglycemic brain damage and can be used to monitor dynamically hypo-glycemic brain damage.

Objective To study the clinic value of brain edema detected by ultrasound examination in high risk term infants. Meth-ods The study group included 140 term infants who were found having brain edema in cranial ultrasound examinations. 152 term infants with normal ultrasound scan were selected as a control group. The risk factors of brain edema were collected, and univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results (1) There was no difference of incidence of brain edema between the infants with or without maternal ill historys, fetal distress or hypoalbuminemia, with P > 0.05. (2) In the univariate regression model, as-phyxia,hypoxic -ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) ,ventilation and metabolic acidosis were associated with an increased risk of brain ede-ma. In the multivariate logistic regression model, HIE was associated with a greater risk of brain edema and ventilation was possibly asso-ciated with brain edema. Conclusion Brain edema detected by ultrasound examination in high risk term infants has close relationship with HIE. It suggest that there is a consistency between ultrasound results and clinic situation. The detection of brain edema by ultrasound can assist doctor in clinic practice.

Secretory diarrhea provides a major health challenge worldwide, which is one of the most important reasons for children morbidity and death. The activation of Cl- channels in intestinal epithelial cells resulting in the excessive fluid secretion in the intestine is the main reason of diarrhea caused by enterotoxins. In diarrhea caused by cholera and the other bacterial enterotoxins, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR) is the main cAMP-control Cl- channel to promote the fluid secretion in epithelial cells. Therefore, CFTR inhibitors are the new choices for secretory diarrhea. CFTR inhibitors include thiazolidinone, glycine hydrazide and quinoxalinedione chemical classes, and some components from natural plants also exhibit CFTR inhibition activity, however, further studies should be done.