Objective To explore the impact of IL10-592 (rs1800872) single nucleic acid polymorphism (SNP) on the prognosis of HLA matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods The polymorphism of IL10-592 in 104 recipient-donor pairs and 100 healthy volunteers was analyzed with sequence based typing (SBT).Results When the genotype of IL1 0-592 in donors and recipients matched,AA/AA genotype had higher incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD than AC/AC or CC/CC genotype (47.1％,3.7％,0,P=0.002).When the genotype of IL10-592 in donors and recipients mismatched,recipients with AC genotype or donors with AA genotype,there was significant different incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD among donors or recipients with different genotype (P=0.046,P=0.041).The recipients with AA genotype had higher incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD than AC or CC genotype (27.8％ vs 10.2％,11.1％;P=0.072),and higher incidence of intestinal aGVHD (22.2％vs 5.1％,11.1％;P=0.040),lower incidence of 2-year overall survival (OS:48.2％ vs 75.1％,85.7％;P=0.002),lower incidence of 2 year disease free survival (DFS:48.5％ vs 66.3％,76.2％;P=0.045).Patients had higher incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD with donors of AA genotype than with donors of AC or CC genotype (26.5％ vs 8.9％,0;P=0.024),and higher incidence of intestinal aGVHD (20.4％ vs 4.4％,0;P=0.026).In multivariate analysis,the genotype of IL10-592AA in recipients and donors had increased risk of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD (OR=3.3,P=0.049;OR=3.9,P=0.043).There were no statistical differences on the incidence of cGVHD and relapse.Conclusion In HLA-10/10 matched unrelated HSCT,the presence of IL10-592 AA genotype in recipients and/or donors is an adverse factor for Ⅲ-ⅣaGVHD,worse OS and 2-year DFS.