Objective To investigate the effects of intravesical therapy with elemene in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and its toxic and side effects. Methods This series included 123 patients with superficial bladder cancer (T 1),consisting of transitional cell carcinoma GⅠ in 37 cases,GⅡ in 73 and GⅢ in 13.They all underwent surgical treatment. Postoperatively, they were randomly assigned to 2 groups:63 patients in elemene group received instillation of elemene (400 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation and 60 patients in mitomycin C (MMC) group received instillation of MMC(40 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation. The instillations were repeated for 6 weeks and thereafter monthly for 1 year.The recurrence rates,side effects,and NK cell activity before and after treatment were evaluated. Results The recurrence rate of elemene group (mean follow-up of 19.7 months) was 7.9% (5 cases),which was significantly lower than that (25.0%,15 cases) of MMC group (mean follow-up of 19.4 months;P

Objective To compare the efficacy of valsartan,benazepril and felodipine on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)in patients with hypertension and the relevant "aldosterone escape phenomena".Methods One hundred eleven patients with hypertension-related LVH were randomly to receive valsartan(80-160 mg/d,n=36),benazepril(10-20 mg/d,n=39)and felodipine(5 mg/d,n=36).Plasma angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)and aldosterone(Ald)were determined before and 10-14 weeks 20-26 weeks after treatment.Echocardiographic examinations and blood routine,urine routine,blood glucose,blood lipid,liver function and renal function were conducted in all subjects before and after treatment.Results Blood pressure was significantly decreased in all three groups(P0.05).Valsartan increased plasma Ang Ⅱ at 10-14 weeks and furthermore at 20-26 weeks;benazepril decreased plasma Ang Ⅱ initiatively with trend of rebound at 20-26 weeks;however,plasma Ang Ⅱ was kept constantly in felodipine group.Valsartan decreased Ald and sustained during the all treatment period.On contrary,benazepril initiatively decreased Ald which was rebound to baseline level at 20-26 weeks.No change in Ald by felodipine was found during the treatment.After treatment plasma Ald level was significantly related to the reduction of LVH in both valsartan and benazepril groups.36% patients in benazepril group was found to have "aldosterone escape".Conclusion The antihypertensive effect was similar between valsartan,benazepril and felodipine.Although three medications all reversed LVH,but valsartan,benazepril was more effective than felodipine.There was no evidence of aldosterone escape in the long-term treatment with valsartan.Valsartan might have more advantages in reversal of LVH than benazepril.Felodipine had no effect on the plasma level of aldosterone.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin with or without tamsulosin in patients with overactive bladder (OAB).Methods Fifty-three patients with OAB were randomly divided into two groups (group A 27 patients, group B 26 patients).The patients received either solifenacin 5 mg/day in group A or combined with Tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day in group B for two weeks.During the treatent period all the patients recorded voiding and adverse events in a diary.The symptoms of urgency, frequency, incontinence were evaluated by OABSS scores at the begining and end of the therapy period.The results of the efficacy and safety were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0.Results The OABSS scores at the begining and end for the two groups were significantly different ( P ＜ 0.01 ).In both groups the efficacy was obvious.The OABSS scores at the end of the therapy between group A and B were significantly different (P ＜0.05 ).The efficacy of group B was better than that of group A.Conclusion The efficacy of solifenacin combined with tamsulosin was better than solifenacin alone in OAB.

Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening illness characterized by an altered level of consciousness with an elevated core body temperature 40 ℃, which may be further classified as exertional heat stroke (EHS) or classical heat stroke (CHS) according to the etiology of the condition. In recent years, the morbidity of EHS increases year by year. The severity and clinical outcome for an EHS casualty have a strong correlation with the area under the time and temperature curve for heat exposure. The early recognition and rapid cooling body core temperature ≤38.9 ℃ within 30 minutes of EHS results in the best clinical outcome and minimize severe multiple organ dysfunction and death for patients. Cold water immersion (CWI) is considered as an optimum cooling method for the reversal of hyperthermia in EHS. Some alternative modalities have also shown acceptable cooling rate, for example, the subjects immersed in a circulated water bath controlled below 20 ℃, tarp-assisted cooling with oscillation, body cooling unit, undressed, air-conditioned room, the whole body and large vessels placed ice packs, massaging the extremities; cold intravenous saline applied to dehydrated one. It is necessary to monitor body core temperature for hypothermia and/or recurrent hyperthermia, and to provide physical care for shivering, agitation, or concerns with the potential discomfort combativeness that may occur during cooling process. In this paper, pre-hospital recognition, care, monitoring and rapid cooling treatment measures of EHS have been reviewed to provide references for early identification of EHS and scientific, reasonable and effective cooling treatment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between three single nucleotide polymorphisms of ABCG1 gene ( rs4148102,rs225445 and rs183436) and cerebral infarction of Li nationality in Hainan. Methods Totally 236 cases ( case group) of patients with cerebral infarction and 144 healthy controls (control group) of Li nationality who were treated in a hospital in Hainan province from January 2015 to June 2018 were selected. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood of patients in the two groups was extracted and gen-otype analysis was conducted using flight mass spectrometry. Snapstatus analysis software was used to analyze the association between haplotype and cerebral infarction,and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium verification was performed. SPSS25. 0 was used to analyze the difference in genotype distribution and allele distribution. Re-sults The distribution frequencies of GG, AG, AA genotypes of rs4148102 in the case group ( 62. 7%, 25. 9%,11. 4%) and the control group(521. %,38. 2%,9. 7%) were significantly different (P<0. 05),and the occurrence frequencies of GG in the control group were significantly lower than those in the case group. The occurrence frequencies of TT,CT and CC of rs225445 were also statistically different between the two groups(36. 9%,41. 1%,22. 0% in case group,48. 6%,38. 2%,13. 2% in control group),and the occur-rence frequencies of CC in the control group was significantly lower than that in the case group. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of allele T and C of rs225445 and allele C and A of rs183436 between the two groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion Genotype GG of rs4148102 and genotype CC of rs225445 may be the susceptible factors of cerebral infarction in Li nationality in Hainan province.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of HIV testing and related factors among young students who had sex in Guangdong Province, in order to provide evidence for relevant education programs and HIV testing promotion in young students. Methods: From September to December 2022, a convenient sampling method was used to select 48 749 young students from 16 universities and mechanic colleges in 6 cities including Guangzhou, Shantou, Maoming, Huizhou, Dongguan, and Zhongshan in Guangdong Province for online questionnaire survey. A total of 2 971 students who ever had sexual experiences were screened out, and the HIV testing situation and related factors were investigated by using the questionnaire designed by AIDS Prevention and Education Project for College Students of China STD and AIDS Prevention Association.The influencing factors of HIV testing were analyzed using Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: Among students who had sexual experiences, 11.92% (354/2 971) were tested for HIV. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that among young sexual students, using psychoactive substances during sexual activity in the last 1 year ( OR =7.70), having first sex with the same sex ( OR =3.87), having commercial sex ( OR =2.37), having heard of PEP ( OR =2.20), having a high level of self assessed understanding of HIV testing ( OR =1.73), inconsistent use of condoms ( OR =1.56), being aware of HIV infection ( OR =1.53), being aware of HIV knowledge ( OR =1.51) were more likely to test for HIV, and females ( OR =0.39) were less likely to test for HIV ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The proportion of HIV testing is low among sexually active young students in Guangdong Province. Targeted interventions should be tailored to promote HIV testing coverage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate genetic polymorphisms of 12 X chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci in ethnic Hebei Han population using an Investigator Argus X-12 amplification kit.

METHODSDNA was extracted for 198 unrelated individuals (96 males and 102 females) and amplified with a fluorescence labeled multiplex PCR system. PCR products were separated and genotyped with capillary array electrophoresis.

RESULTSOnly DXS10103 and DXS10101 showed significant linkage disequilibrium at the 12 X-STR loci. One hundred and forty-eight alleles, including 22 off-ladder (OL) alleles, were observed at the 12 X-STR loci in the population. The heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.5074-0.9143 and 0.4377-0.9079, respectively. The power of discrimination (PD) was 0.5074-0.9143 in males and 0.6876-0.9863 in females. The mean exclusion chance was 0.4377-0.9079 in the trios cases and 0.2984-0.8373 in the duo cases, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Investigator Argus X12 amplification system is highly polymorphic in ethnic Han population from Hebei and is useful for personal identification and paternity testing.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of rosiglitazone on the content of cholesterol and expressions of Acy-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells and explore the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of rosiglitazone.

METHODSRAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) or with both ox-LDL and rosiglitazone (5, 10, or 20 µmol/L). Oil red O staining was used to observe the formation of foam cells, and cholesterol oxidase was used to determine the content of cellular cholesterol contents. Western blotting was used observe the expressions of ACAT-1 and SR-BI in RAW264.7 foam cells.

RESULTSCompared with the control cells, RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells showed significantly increased contents of total cholesterol and free cholesterol (P<0.01) and ACAT-1 expressions (P<0.05) with mildly increased SR-BI expression (P>0.05). Rosiglitazone treatments significantly lowered the contents of total cholesterol and free cholesterol (P<0.05), decreased the expression of ACAT-1 (P<0.05), and increased SR-BI expression (P<0.05) in the foam cells in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONRosiglitazone can decrease the contents of total and free cholesterol, down-regulate ACAT-1 expression and up-regulate SR-BI expression in the foam cells produce the anti-atherosclerotic effect.

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; metabolism ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the risk perception for risky behavior of HIV/AIDS infection among young students and to analyze the related influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 different types of Guangzhou colleges from September to November 2021, in which convenience sampling and a minimum number of classes per grade and 600 samples per school were used according to the national unity program. Disordered multi-classification logistic regression was used to construct a risk perception model and analyze influencing factors in different risk perception levels.Results:A total of 7 346 young students were surveyed, and most rated themselves at low risk of HIV/AIDS infections (90.58%, 6 654/7 346). A total of 89.10% (6 545/7 346) of subjects' perception of their HIV/AIDS infection risk was consistent with their risk behavior, while 10.90% (801/7 346) was inconsistent. Among those inconsistent subjects, 19.10% (153/801) showed underestimating their risk , while 80.90% (648/801) seen overestimating their risk. Disordered multi-classification logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for other factors, compared with the non-sexual group, respondents whose first sex age under 18 had a higher rate of underestimating their risk of infection ( OR=129.39, 95% CI: 73.28-228.48), as well as a higher rate of overestimated their risk of infection ( OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.04-2.99). First sexual intercourse at age 18 or older was a risk factor for underestimating risk ( OR=70.56, 95% CI: 42.72-116.53), but was not statistically associated with overestimating risk. Being female, other school type, non-heterosexual orientation, and self-rated HIV-related knowledge as fair or no knowledge were risk factors for overestimating risk but were not statistically associated with underestimating risk. Conclusions:Overall, young students in universities of Guangzhou have a good risk perception of HIV/AIDS infection. Individual factors, education factors and sexual experience will influence students' risk perception of HIV/AIDS infection. Raising the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge and delaying the age of first sexual intercourse will improve the risk perception ability of young students.

Objective:To explore high-risk sexual behaviors of HIV/AIDS and related factors in young students in Guangzhou.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 different types of Guangzhou colleges by convenience sampling with minimum number of classes per grade and 600 samples per school from September to November 2021. The R 4.2.2 software was used to consolidate databases. Simultaneously, a logistic regression model and a decision tree algorithm model, stratifying by whether sexual behaviors had occurred before, were constructed. In each layer, the prediction performance of the two models was evaluated through area under receiver operating characteristic and the confusion matrix, and then the model with high prediction performance was retained.Results:A total of 7 346 students were surveyed. The proportion of the respondents reporting sexual experience were 9.08% (667/7 346), in whom 26.24% (175/667) had risky sexual activity in the past year. The decision tree algorithm model performs well in predicting whether high-risk sexual behaviors have occurred in the past year. When the complexity parameter value is 0.018, and nsplit reaches 4, which means there are 5 leaf nodes in the model, the cross error of the tree will be the smallest. The first best grouping variable in the decision tree was whether to use condoms throughout the first sexual behavior. If condoms were used at their sexual debut, but homosexual practices have occurred in the past year, the probability of risky sexual behavior will increase. If homosexual practices have not occurred in the past year, but the age of sexual debut was below 18 years old while the period of HIV education was after high school, the probability of risk sexual behavior will also increase.Conclusions:AIDS-related risky behaviors of young students still deserved attention. The experience of sexual debut and whether AIDS-related health education has been received before the sexual debut were significant predictors for the occurrence of high-risk sexual behavior. The decision tree algorithm model has particular applicability for predicting and screening potential risk populations.