Objective To investigate the deletion and mutation of Rb gene in human lung cancer.Methods Polymerace chain reaction (PCR ) and restriction enzyme analytic techniques were used to detect the exon 14-16 and 22-23 regions of Rb gene in 20 human lung cancer DNA samples and 3 normal human lung tissue DNA samples.Results Two deletions existed in the exon 14-16 regions of two lung cancer DNA samples.Conclusion Deletion of Rb gene is in existance in human lung cancer, especially in small cell lung cancer. This may be useful for studying the cause of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on the temperature over the body surface projection area of intestines in patients with functional constipation. Methods A total of 30 patients with functional constipation were randomly divided into a electro-acupuncture stimulation group and a false stimulation group, with 15 patients in each group. The patients in the electro-acupuncture stimulation recived electro-acupuncture at bilateral points of Tianshu, Fujie and upper Juxu for 8 weeks, a total of 28 times stimulation;the patients in the false stimulation group received false electro-acupuncture at fake bilateral points beside Tianshu, Fujie and upper Juxu for the same stimulation period. Medical infrared thermal imager was adopted to record the temperatures over the body surface projection area of ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and small intestine. Results The temperature over the body surface projection area of of the ascending colon(33.35±0.96 ℃ vs. 34.62±1.15 ℃;t=2.977, P=0.010), transverse colon(33.32±0.97 ℃ vs. 34.60±1.23 ℃; t=2.839, P=0.013), descending colon(33.36±0.98 ℃ vs. 34.64±1.18 ℃; t=2.892, P=0.012), the small intestine(33.31±0.97 ℃ vs. 34.57±1.22 ℃; t=2.763, P=0.015)showed significant lower than those before the stimulation in the electro-acupuncture stimulation group. The temperature over the body surface projection area of of the ascending colon(33.74±1.25 ℃ vs. 34.52±1.64 ℃; t=1.701, P=0.111) transverse colon (33.71±1.27℃vs. 34.47±1.65℃;t=1.643, P=0.123), descending colon(33.72±1.25 ℃vs. 34.52±1.66 ℃; t=1.710, P=0.109), the small intestine(33.70±1.28 ℃ vs. 34.51±1.65 ℃; t=1.744, P=0.103)showed no significant different than those before the stimulation in the false stimulation group. Conclusion Electro-acupuncture stimulation can decrease the temperature over the body surface projection area of the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and small intestine.

Objective To explore the appliacation value of FPSAR between the serum f-PSA and t-PSA in hyperplasia of prostate by YAG Laser.Methods 150 cases with benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)and 24 cases with prostate pcaancer were selected.The value of f-PSA、t-PSA、FPSAR was determined by TRFIA.Results The tPSA,f-PSA after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment in the two groups(t =2.984,2.701,P ＜0.05).The FPSAR after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment in the two groups(t =2.335,P ＜0.05);The patients of FPSAR≤0.05 in the overlapped field(t-PSA 4～45.5μg/L),the sensitivity of diagnosing PCa is 91.7％(22/24)[t-PSA ＞ 45.5 μg/L(17/24)+(t-PSA 4～45.5 μg/L,FPSAR ≤ 0.15)(5/24)].To examine the PCa with high sensitiveity,it provided the reliable basis for selecting BPH correctly.The patients of BPH group after TUEP was followed up for 6～12 months.The t-PSA is(2.13 ± 0.45)μg/L、f-PSA is(0.85 ± 0.26)μg/L、FPSAR is (0.39 ± 0.06)μg/L.There is no significant difference compared with that after treatment for a month.The international prostate symptom score,(I-PSS)is from(28.3 ± 5.8)points dropped to(12.5 ± 2.1)points.The quality of life,(QOL)is from(4.1 ± 0.6)points dropped to(1.3 ± 0.1)points.The residual urine volume(RUV)is form(93 ±61)ml reduced to(15 ±9)ml.The urination after operation have improvedsignificantly.The Qmax is from average 6.3(2.6～9.5)ml/s before operation raise to 18.4(14.6～22.3)ml/s after operation.Campared with the pre-operation,there is significant difference.Conclusion The application of serum PSA was impoetantin case selection hyperplasia of prostate,comparison of the level changing before and after operation and following up the patients after operation by YAG Laser.

Objective:To explore Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 polymorphism in Han people from Hunan region and its association with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.Methods:Sanger sequence and statistical analysis were performed to identify the polymorphism of TLR2 and TLR4 genes in 347 unrelated Hunan Han subjects,including 180 healthy people (control group) and 167 patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group).Results:There was no significant difference in the genotype frequency and allelic frequency for TLR2 SNP2258G＞A and TLR4 SNP896A＞G between the 2 groups (P＞0.05),while there was significant difference in the TLR4 SNP1196C＞T between the 2 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion:TLR4 SNP 1196C ＞T polymorphism is associated with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in Chinese Han populationin in Hunan region.

Objective To evaluate the role of hippocampal adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in reduction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction by electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning in aged rats.Methods A total of 150 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18-20 months,weighing 400-500 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);splenectomy group (group O);preconditioning with EA at non-acupoint group (group NEA);preconditioning with EA at Baihui acupoint group (group EA);preconditioning with EA at Baihui acupoint + AMPK inhibitor group (group EAC).EA and EAC groups received EA at Baihui acupoints with a sparse-dense wave at an intensity of 1 mA and a frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz for 30 nin,once a day,for 5 consecutive days,and splenectomy was performed at 24 h after the end of the last stimulation.Group NEA received EA at the points 2 mm lateral to the acupoints of Baihui,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group EA.Compound C 20 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 5 min before operation in group EAC.Morris water maze test was performed at 1,3 and 5 days after operation,and the escape latency and swimming distance were recorded.The rats were then sacrificed,and brains were removed for examination of the pathological changes in the hippocampal CA3 region and for determination of the expression of AMPK,phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK),nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB),interleukin-1beta (IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged,and the expression of AMPK,p-AMPK,NF-κB,IL-13,and TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in O,NEA,EA and EAC groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group O,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly shortened,and the expression of AMPK,p-AMPK,NF-κB,IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly down-regulated in EA and EAC groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NEA (P＞0.05).Compared with group EA,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged,the expression of AMPK and p-AMPK was significantly down-regulated,and the expression of NF-κB,IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in group EAC (P＜0.05).Conclusion Activation of hippocampal AMPK signaling pathway is involved in EA preconditioning-induced improvement in postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.

Aiming at evidence-based medicine course of graduate students, foreign medical colleges and universities usually took in the teaching philosophy that emphasized stages (focusing on knowledge ac-cumulation) and practicality (focusing on ability training). And they put forward a lot of teaching methods which implemented the conception, such as problem-based learning, journal club, blended learning approach, online learning platform, concept mapping etc. In order to provide a useful reference for the domestic teaching reform and development, this paper introduced the teaching philosophy and related teaching meth-ods mentioned above.

Objective　To explore the role of the allelic deletion and mutation of FHIT gene on the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer. Methods　The allelic alterations of FHIT gene and microsatellites D3S1300, D3S1312,D3S1313 were detected in 35 cancer samples of NSCLC, their corresponding normal tissues, and 4 lung cancer cell lines, and 10 lung tissues of benign pulmonary lesions as control by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequence. Results　Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) affecting at least one locus of FHIT gene was observed in 22 out of 35 tumors, with a LOH rate of 62.86％. LOH of FHIT gene in squamous cell carcinoma (88.24％) was significantly higher than that in adenocarcinoma (38.89％) (P＜0.01). The LOH rate of FHIT gene in smoking patients (76.19％) was also significantly higher than that in non-smoking patients (42.86％)(P＜0.05).No significant relationship was found among the LOH of FHIT and cell differentiation, P-TNM stages, size of primary tumor, location of cancer and age of the patients (P＞0.05). LOH of FHIT was also detected in Lewis lung cancer and A549 cell lines. Mutation of microsatellite D3S1312 was observed in 4 lung cancer tissues. DNA sequence showed that CT mutation occurred in the 87 codon of microsatellite D3S1312. Conclusion　The alteration of FHIT gene is mainly allelic loss and the frequency of allelic mutation is rare. FHIT gene alterations preferentially occur in squamous cell carcinoma patients and smokers, and FHIT gene may be a candidate molecular target of carcinogenesis in tobacco smoker. Allelic deletion of FHIT gene might be an early molecular event in smoking-related lung cancer.

OBJECTIVETo determine the expressions of miR-155, miR-34a and miR-30a in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and to explore their potential correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODSThe expression level of miR-155, miR-34a and miR-30a in 46 DLBCL samples were determined with TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) was performed to detect MYC and p53 genes' status, and immunohistochemistry (Envision method) was used to evaluate the expression of CD3, CD10, CD20, BCL-6 and MUM-1 in DLBCL. The DLBCLs were classified into germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non germinal center B cell-like (non-GCB) subtypes according to Hans' criteria.

RESULTSCompared with normal controls, miR-155 expression level was significantly higher in DLBCL. The expression level of miR-155 in non-GCB type was higher than that in GCB type. It was shown that the patients with MYC rearrangement had lower expression level of miR-155 than the negative controls. Compared with p53 normal group, the expression level of miR-34a was significantly lower in p53 deletion group. It was also shown that the patients with BCL-6 protein expression had lower expression of miR-30a compared with the negative group.

CONCLUSIONmiR-155 expression level is different in normal controls, DLBCL and patients with subtype DLBCL. It therefore has a diagnosis value for DLBCL. miR-34a is of great prognostic significance. miR-155, miR-34a and miR-30a may be potential therapy targets for DLBCL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the application value of multi-slice spiral CT on the congenital malformation of coronary sinus. Methods MSCT finding of 98 patients with coronary sinus malformation confirmed by surgery were retrospectively analyzed,and the cases were divided into four categories based on the Mantini theory and comparison was made between the diagnosis from ultrasound and CT.A 2 × 2 table for Chi-square test was also used for statistics analysis.Results Among 98 patients,there were 72 patients with persistent left superior vena cava reflowed to right atria through coronary sinus,with 48 patients diagnosed by ultrasound and 72 patients by MSCT; there were 13 patients with anomalous pulmonary venous connection to coronary sinus,with 12 patients diagnosed by ultrasound and 13 patients by MSCT diagnosis; there were 10 patients with unroofed coronary sinus syndrome,with 6 patients diagnosed by ultrasound and 8 patients by MSCT,there were 2 patients with coronary sinus atresia,all diagnosed by MSCT; there were 1 patient with coronary sinus anomaly reflow to left arita.The significant difference between 2 modalities (x2 =22.7,P＜0.01) shows that CT is superior to ultrasound.Conclusion MSCT is much more better than ultrasound in the diagnosis of malformation of coronary sinus and it can provide reliable diagnosis prior to surgery or interventional therapy.

Objective: To forecast the risk distribution of inter-animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus effectively and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of inter-animal plague, through studying the correlation between meteorological and environmental factors and inter-animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus. Methods: Positive data of plague bacterial culture in 30 epidemic source areas of Meriones unguiculatus in the Inner Mongolia plateau from 2005 to 2018, including detecting time, number of bacteria, latitude and longitude or detailed location, host type, were from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System Plague Prevention Management Information System and related professional institutions for plague prevention and treatment. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between the inter-animal plague and climate-related risk factors. The Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model was used to predict the habitat distributions of inter-animal plague, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to validate the model. Results: There were 11 climatic factors including annual mean temperature, isothermality, temperature seasonality, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, globcover, normalized difference vegetation index and slope, were related to the outbreak of plague among Meriones unguiculatus and included in the model (OR = 1.302, 0.455, 0.957, 0.930, 4.864, 0.179, 0.986, 1.126, 0.992, 0.981, 0.721, P < 0.01). The increase of annual mean temperature, mean temperature of warmest quarter and precipitation seasonality will increase the risk of animal plague in the plague foci of Meriones unguiculatus; the increase of isothermality, temperature seasonality, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, globcover, normalized difference vegetation index, and slope will reduce the risk of animal plague in the plague foci of Meriones unguiculatus. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the Maxent model training data and test data were 0.988 and 0.985, the prediction effect of the model was better. The habitat distribution of Meriones unguiculatus plague mainly concentrated in the central and northern Ulanqab plateau, Ordos plateau, and eastern Hetao plain. Conclusions The use of Maxent model and climate data can predict the potential risks and spatial distribution of animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus; the results are accurate and reliable.