Objective To investigate the influence of renal allograft donor cytokine and cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms on acute rejection after renal transplantation.Methods (1) 126 cases of cadaveric renal allograft recipients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of acute graft rejection.The distribution of 22 polymorphisms in 13 cytokine genes and production types of some cytokines were compared between donors of two groups as well as latent factors affecting acute rejection.(2) Based on the result of HLA-DR matching,all recipients were stratified into two conditions:0～1 locus HLA-DR mismatched and HLA-DR completely mismatched.Previous positive gene polymorphisms were compared between rejection group and no rejection group under two conditions.Results (1) Compared with no rejection group,the number of HLA-DR mismatched was significantly higher in rejection group.In the donors of rejection group,the genotype frequency of IL-1α-889 C/C,IL-1Rα msp I 11100 T/T,IL-4Rα+ 1902 A/A,TGF-β1 codon 10 C/C,IL-10-1082 A/A and lower production type frequency of IL-10 were significantly higher,whereas the genotype frequency of IL-12-1188 A/A,IL-2-330 G/G and IL-10 GCC/ATA was significantly lower.(2) With 0～1 locus HLA-DR mismatched,the genotype frequency of IL-1Rα msp I 11100 T/T,IL-4Raα+1902 A/A,IL-2-330 G/G,TGF-β1 codon 10 C/C and lower production type frequency of IL-10 showed significant difference between two groups,whereas with HLA-DR completely mismatched,the genotype frequency of IL-12-1188 A/A had significant difference.Conclusions This study verifies renal allograft donor genotype of IL-1α-889 C/C,IL-4Rα+ 1902 A/A,IL-1Ra msp I 11100 T/T,TGF-β1 codon 10 C/C,IL-10-1082 A/A and lower production type of IL-10 gene as the genetic safe factors for the development of acute allograft rejection and genotype of IL-12-1188 A/A and IL-2-330G/G as the major genetic risk factors for acute rejection after kidney transplantation Furthermore,the condition of HLA-DR mismatching might interfere with the action of these cytokine and cytokine receptor polymorphisms.

Objective To explore the influence of renal allograft recipient cytokine and cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms on the infection after renal transplantation. Methods (1) 126 cases of cadaveric renal allograft recipients were divided into two groups according to the presence or Absence of infection in 6 months after renal transplantation: infection group and un infection group. The distribution of 22 polymorphisms in 13 cytokines and cytokine receptors gene were compared between two groups as well as latent factors affecting the onset of infection. The production types of IL 10, TNF ?, TGF ?1 and IL 6 were analyzed; (2) All recipients were stratified into two conditions: presence of rejection or Absence of rejection. Previous positive gene polymorphisms were compared between infection group and un infection group under two conditions. Results (1) The incidence of acute allograft rejection was significantly higher in infection group than in un infection group. In infection group, the genotype frequency of IL 1? 889 C/C, IL 1? 511 C/C, IL 1?+3962 C/T or T/T, and the higher production type frequency of TGF ?1 were significantly higher than those in un infection group. (2) In the recipients without acute rejection, the genotype frequency of IL 1? 511C/C was significantly higher in infection group than in un infection group; whereas in those with acute rejection, the genotype frequency of TGF ?1 (codon10 codon 25) CG/TG and frequency of TGF ?1 with high production were significantly higher than those in no infection group. Conclusion This study identified recipient genotype of IL 1? 889 C/C, IL 1? 511 C/C, TGF ?1(codon10 codon 25) CG/TG and higher production type of TGF ?1 gene as major risk factors for the onset of infection after renal transplantation as well as presence of acute allograft rejection, which might affect the action of these gene polymorphisms.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Current research shows that other factors work together with HPV to affect the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Under normal circumstances, the vaginal microbiota can play a fundamental role in maintaining the balance of the vaginal microenvironment and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor together with the host immune system. Once the body is infected with HPV in synergy with other factors, it will accelerate the progression of cervical cancer. This article reviews the changes in the vaginal microenvironment and local immune response of cervical cancer.

Objective:To investigate the current status of sleep quality in patients with chronic sinusitis, and to explore its influencing factors.Methods:From February to July 2019, we selected 420 chronic sinusitis patients from Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in Yongchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, as the study objects by convenience sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to carry out investigation.Results:Among 417 chronic sinusitis patients, the score of PSQI was (6.27±3.60) . There were 123 patients with sleep disorders with 29.50% for the incidence. The influencing factors of sleep disorders of chronic sinusitis patients included the living environment, occupations and the tobacco exposure.Conclusions:When chronic sinusitis patients seek medical treatment, medical and nursing staff should pay more attention to the sleep status of students, workers or service personnel, and humid living environment, smoking as well as smoking cessation patients.

Objective To evaluate the position of the fetal conus medullaris during pregnancy and its value in detecting tethered cord syndrome(TCS). Methods Nine hundred and seventy-four normal fetuses and 46 fetuses with TCS between 15 and 41 weeks gestation were involved in the study.Parameters D 1 (the distance between the end of the conus medullaris and the caudal edge of last vertebral body ossification center) and D2 (the distance from the end of the conus medullaris to the caudal skin namely the intersection point of the extending line of D1 and the skin) were measured in the caudal midsagittal plane of the spine. Sixty normal fetuses were chosed randomly for interobserver variability.Correlation analysis between these two parameters and gestational age(GA) were conducted and the normal reference value of these parameters were calculated in normal group. The ratios of growth parameters ( Biparietal diameter, Head circumference,Abdominal circumference,Femur length) to D1 and D2 were calculated separately to observe the difference of the ratios between two groups. All the parameters and ratios of normal fetuses were compared with that of TCS cases.Results There was no significant difference in D1 and D2 between two observers.A significant linear correlation between the parameters and GA was found in normal group,linear regression equations were D1=0.251 GA -2.265 cm (R2=0.926,P <0.01) and D2=0.267 GA -1.812 cm(R2=0.928,P <0.01),respectively.D1 and D2 were much lower in normal group than in abnormal group (all P <0.01). The ratios of the growth parameters to D1 and D2 were relatively stable and had statistically differences between two groups in different gestational age. Conclusions The methods that determination of D1 and D2 are simple and feasible,and could help to the prenatal diagnosis of TCS.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CD14 gene rs2569192(C/G), rs3138078 (--1359G/T) and allergic rhinitis (AR) in Xinjiang Uygur and Han populations as well as to determine characteristics of polymorphisms. METHOD: A total of 300 AR and 300 healthy controls subjects were included. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were detected as well as the levels of tIgE in different genotypes were compared. RESULT: (1) The distribution of genotypes or alleles of CD14 gene rs2569192 (C/G), rs3138078 (--1359G/T) had no differences between the Xinjiang Uygurs and Hans (P > 0.05). The highest frequency of alleles was C, G. (2) The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were not different between the AR and control group in Uygur and Han (P > 0.05). The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of rs2569192 were different between the Uygur AR and Han AR group (P < 0.05). (3) The distribution of genotype frequencies and allele of rs 2569192 in the Xinjiang Uygur and Han population were quite different from Chinese Beijing Han populations, Japanese, European and African (P < 0.05). (4) The serum total IgE level in AR group was higher than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION (1) rs2569192 (C/G), rs3138078 (--1359G/T) polymorphisms were not different between the Chinese Xinjiang Uygur and Han population. The major allele were both C and G. rs2569192 of CD14 in Xinjiang populations was different from that in the other populations. (2) No relationship between rs2569192, rs3138078 and AR was found. (3) The serum total IgE level in AR group was higher than that in healthy control group. No relationship between CD14 two SNP and serum total IgE level was found.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rhinitis ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic performance of MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018 in high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with intrahepatic parenchymal substantial lesions ≤3.0 cm.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted in hospitals between September 2014 to April 2020. 131 pathologically confirmed non-HCC cases with lesions ≤3.0 cm in diameter were randomly matched with 131 cases with lesions ≤3.0 cm in diameter and divided into benign (56 cases), other hepatic malignant tumor (OM, 75 cases), and HCC group (131 cases) in a 1:1 ratio. MRI features of the lesions were analyzed and classified according to LI-RADS v2018 criteria (tie-break rule was applied to lesions with both HCC and LR-M features). Taking the pathological results as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the LI-RADS v2018 classification criteria and the more stringent LR-5 criteria (with three main signs of HCC at the same time) were calculated for HCC, OM or benign lesions diagnosis. Mann -Whitney U test was used to compare the classification results. Results:The number of cases classified as LR-M, LR-1, LR-2, LR-3, LR-4, and LR-5 in HCC group after applying the tie-break rule were 14, 0, 0, 12, 28, and 77, respectively. There were 40, 0, 0, 4, 17, 14 and 8, 5, 1, 26, 13, 3 cases in benign and OM group, respectively. There were 41 (41/77), 4 (4/14) and 1 (1/3) lesion case in the HCC, OM and benign group, respectively, that met the more stringent LR-5 criteria. The sensitivity of LR-4 combined with LR-5 (LR-4/5) criteria, LR-5 criteria and more stringent LR-5 criteria for HCC diagnosis were 80.2% (105/131), 58.8% (77/131) and 31.3% (41/131), respectively, and the specificity were 64.1% (84/131), 87.0% (114/131) and 96.2% (126/131), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LR-M were 53.3% (40/75) and 88.2% (165/187), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity using LR-1 combined with LR-2 (LR-1/2) criteria for the diagnosis of benign liver lesions were 10.7% (6/56) and 100% (206/206), respectively.Conclusions:LR-1/2, LR-5, and LR-M criteria have high diagnostic specificity for intrahepatic lesions with a diameter of ≤3.0 cm. Lesions classified as LR-3 are more likely to be benign. The specificity of LR-4/5 criteria is low, while the more stringent LR-5 criteria has a high specificity for HCC diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE To explore the regulatory effect and mechanism of salipurposide(Sali), salidroside(Sal) and isoflavone(Isota) from Rhodiola crenulata on senescence of human embryo lung fibroblast diploid cells(2BS). METHODS Observing and selecting young 28 generations 2BS(28PD) cells and senescence 50 generations 2BS(50PD) cells under the microscope. MTT method was used to determine the effects of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 μmol·L-1 Sal, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 μmol·L-1 Sali and Isota on the activity of 50PD cells. The 5.0 μmol·L-1 Sal, 10.0 μmol·L-1 Sali and Isota were used for the following experiments according to MTT results. 28PD and 50PD cells were divided into 28PD group, 50PD group, 50PD+Sali group, 50PD+Sal group, 50PD+Isota group, intervention for 24 h. The senescence associated-beta-galactosidae(SA-β-gal); malondialdehyde(MDA), reactive oxygen species(ROS), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) levels of cells were measured with the test kits; the mRNA expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(AKT), histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2) and the protein expression of PI3K, p-AKT, HDAC2 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. RESULTS Compared with the 28PD group, 50PD group cell SA-β-gal expression was increased, the content of MDA and ROS were increased, the activity of SOD and GSH-PX were decreased, the mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, HDAC2 and related protein expression were decreased(P<0.01). 50PD cells after intervention with Sali, Sal, and Isota, SA-β-gal expression were decreased(P<0.01), the content of MDA and ROS were decreased significantly(P<0.01), the activity of SOD and GSH-PX were increased(P<0.01), the mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, HDAC2 and related protein expression were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Sali, Sal and Isota from Rhodiola crenulata can reduce the expression of SA-β-gal of 50PD cells, its effect may related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and regulation of expression of PI3K/AKT-HDAC2 axis.

Background The tobacco epidemic as one of the most serious public health problems in the world contributes great harm to human health. It is urgent to develop tobacco control strategy. Civil servants' behaviors as a role model for society have a great influence on the rest of society. Thus, it is important to promote tobacco control program on helping civil servants to quit smoking. Objective To understand the smoking and second-hand smoking exposures status, the awareness of knowledge of tobacco hazards, and the attitudes to tobacco control policies of civil servants in Minhang District, Shanghai. Furthermore, to explore the related strategies and measures for tobacco control, to provide a basis for the development and revision of relevant intervention measures and policies. Methods A total of 20 government agencies with newly installed smoking-free programs from 10 subdistricts and towns in Minhang District, including Xinzhuang, Wujing, Maqiao, Qibao, Meilong, Hongqiao, Zhuanqiao, Jiangchuan, Gumei, and Xinhong were selected as study sites.A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate all civil servants (n=801) of selected agencies. The questionnaire included general characteristics, smoking and second-hand smoking exposure status, knowledge of tobacco hazard, and attitudes to tobacco control policies. Results A total of 794 civil servants returned valid questionnaires. The awareness rate of tobacco hazards in the smoking group was lower than that in the non-smoking group (P<0.05). Relatively high smoking rates were reported in those being male (17.08%), age ≥51 years old (25.61%), divorced or widowed (12.50%), technical secondary school or below education level (22.81%), having more than 10 years of working years (11.57%), being willing to dissuade indoor smoking (24.54%), having no punishment or warning measures for violation of smoking regulations in workplaces (18.37%), and having no dedicated smoking spot at home (15.38%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age 31-40 years old (OR=3.446, 95%CI: 1.236-9.609) and to avoid confronting indoor smoking (OR=3.686, 95%CI: 1.041-13.049) were risk factors for smoking in civil servants. Conclusion Civil servants aged 31-40 years old who deliberately avoid confronting indoor smoking behaviors are the key intervention population of smoking control in Minhang District, Shanghai.