Leukodystrophy is not an independent disease, but a general name of a group of genetic diseases with myelination or maintains disorder which often happens in children. With the development of medical imaging, the recognition and diagnosis level of these diseases has been improved obviously. The research and advancement of medical imaging in these diseases were reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore the way and the clinical value of chest coronal CT scan in children.Methods There were 16 patients with airway or pulmonary diseases proved by clinic underwent chest coronal scan,the ages ranged from 3 months to 5 years.Picker Ultra-Z spiral CT unit was applied,the aperture of the gantry was 70 cm,gantry's maximum tilted angle was 30?.The scanning parameter were :120 kV,200 mA,0.9 s,spiral pitch 1.5,thickness 2 mm,space 1.5 mm.Results The chest coronal images acquired in all cases were good.Tracheobronchial tree up to lobar bronchi were all displayed.Bronchial foreign body in 12 cases,bronchia tumor in 1 cases,lung hypogenesis in 1 case,lung inflammation in 8 cases,atelectasis in 5 cases and the local emphysema in 10 cases were demonstrated on CT images.Conclusion Children's chest coronal CT scan can show the whole tracheobronchial structure.It has high clinical applied values.

Objective To explore mechanisms of sustained and transient effects in encoding processes of emotional memory by examining activation of amygdala via functional MRI and to provide evidence for understanding the underlying neural mechanism related to emotional memory disorders further. Methods Twenty two subjects (aged from 20 to 24 years old) participated in the study and mixed blocked/event-related design was adopted. Sixty negatively emotional pictures and sixty neutral scene pictures were used. Functional MRI scanning was performed while subjects were doing encoding tasks. Behavioral data were acquired during retrieval. Correlation analyses of functional MRI data and simples paired t -test of behavioral performance were performed with SPM2 and SPSS13.0 statistical software,respectively. Results Significant differences of behavioral performance ( t= 2.791,P= 0.01 ) was found between emotional (3.15 ± 0.14) and neutral (2.25 ± 0.08 ) pictures. A whole-brain voxelwise correlation analysis between functional MRI and emotional enhancement effect indicated that the transient effect of emotional enhancement of memory involved the left amygdala, left hippocampus and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, while the sustained effect involved the right amygdala, right hippocampus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Region of interest analysis demonstrated that the sustained effect was related to the right amygdala (r= 0.50, P = 0.019 ), which was different from transient effect ( Z = 1.655, P = 0.049 ),while the transient effect was correlated with the left amygdala (r=0.65, P=0.001 ) ,which was different from sustained effect( Z= 2.512, P=0.006). Conclusion Different neural mechanisms are involved in sustained and transient effects of emotional memory encoding. The right amygdala is responsible for sustained effect and the left amygdala is responsible for transient effect ,respectively. The results confirm and extend the model of the left-transient/right-sustained effect.

Objective · To investigate the difference in myocardial strain of left ventricle between obstructive hypertrophy cardiomyopathy (HCM) and nonobstructive HCM. Methods · Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam was performed on 48 sequential enrolled patients with HCM (18 with obstructive HCM, and 30 with nonobstructive HCM), whose left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) were over 50%. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were examined as normal controls. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), global circumferentialstrain (GCS), LVEF, left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricularmass (LVM), left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were collected and compared. Radial strain, circumferential strain and peak radial displacement were also measured in medial segment of left ventricle according to American Heart Association (AHA) 17-segment model. Results · ① LVEF of the patients with obstructive HCM was bigger than those of nonobstructive HCM patients and control group (P<0.05). LVM and LVMI of the HCM groups were bigger than those of control group (P<0.01). ② Left ventricle GLS, GRS, and GCS significantly decreased in the patients with nonobstructive HCM compared to those with obstructive HCM (P<0.05). The three parameters of two HCM groups were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers (P<0.05). ③ Compared with obstructive HCM patients,the segmental parameters of left ventricule, the medial segment circumferential strain and radial strain of nonobstructive HCM patients significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the two parameters of both HCM groups were lower than those in healthy volunteers. Compared with obstructive HCM patients and healthy volunteers, peak radial displacement of left ventricule medial segment in nonobstructive HCM witnessed a significant decrease, while no significant difference was observed between obstructive HCM patients and healthy volunteers. Conclusion · In the LVEF preserved HCM patients, the myocardial strain of left ventricle in nonobstructive HCM patients decrease significantly than that in obstructive HCM patients, which may result in the different clinical outcomes intwo types of HCM patients. It is suggested that the myocardial strain is more sensitive than ejection fraction in the evaluation of myocardial performance of HCM patients.

Objective:To explore whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter methylation status is associated with panic disorder(PD), and then assess the effect of the BDNF gene methylation status on the severity of clinical symptoms in PD.Methods:The methylation levels of the BDNF gene were compared between 111 patients with PD and 130 matched healthy controls using MethylTarget approach.In addition, the panic disorder severity scale(PDSS), Hamilton anxiety rating scale(HAM-A), and Hamilton depression rating scale(HAM-D) were respectively assessed to all subjects.Results:(1)The result showed that 7 CpG regions from the promoter regions of the BDNF gene were sequenced.However, there was no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in terms of BDNF DNA methylation status ( OR=1.087, 95% CI=0.849-1.391, P>0.05). (2)Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the hypermethylation of BDNF gene was significantly associated with the severity of the depressive symptoms in PD patients (all P<0.05). The methylation levels of BDNF gene was not significantly related to the severity of anxiety and panic in PD patients(all P>0.05). Conclusion:No association between BDNF promoter methylation status and panic disorder is found in Chinese Han population, but BDNF promoter methylation status may be related to the severity of depressive symptoms in patient with panic disorder.

Clinicians need to focus on various points in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.This article prescribed the treatment protocol based on the unique features,such as insomnia in the elderly,women experiencing specific physiologi-cal periods,children insomnia,insomnia in sleep-breathing disorder patients,insomnia in patients with chronic liver and kidney dysfunction.It pro-vides some reference for clinicians while they make decision on diagnosis,differentiation and treat-ment methods.

Objective:To explore the performance of the commonly used whole blood C-reactive protein (CRP) detection systems and give related recommendation on the performance requirements of detection systems.Methods:A total of 7 540 venous blood samples from 26 maternal, child and children′s hospitals were collected to conduct this multi-center study on the analytical performance of 5 commonly used whole blood CRP detection systems from March to April in 2019. The blank check, carryover, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, sample stability, influence of hematocrit/triglyceride/bilirubin, comparison with SIEMENS specific protein analyzer and trueness were evaluated. The 5 systems included BC-5390CRP autohematology analyzer, AstepPLUS specific protein analyzer, Ottoman-1000 Automated Specific Protein POCT Workstation, i-CHROMA Immunofluorometer equipment Reader and Orion QuikRead go detecting instrument. The 5 systems were labeled as a, b, c, d and e randomly.Results:Within the 5 systems, all values of blank check were less than 1.00 mg/L, the carryovers were lower than 1.00%. The repeatability of different ranges of CRP concentrations including 3.00-10.00, 10.00-30.00 and>30.00 mg/L were less than 10.00%, 6.00% and 5.00%, respectively, and the intermediate precision was less than 10.00%. The linearity correlation coefficients of the 5 systems were all above 0.975, while the slope was within 0.950-1.050. Whole blood samples were stable within 72 hours both at room temperature (18-25 ℃) and refrigerated temperature (2-8 ℃). The CRP results were rarely influenced by high triglyceride or bilirubin, except for the immmunoturbidimetric test based on microparticles coated with anti-human CRP F(ab) 2 fragments. When triglyceride was less than 15.46 mmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. When bilirubin was less than 345.47 μmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. CRP was more susceptible to Hct on the systems without Hct correction. The deviation of CRP between different Hct dilution concentration and 40% dilution concentration can reach as high as 67.48%. The correlation coefficients ( r) of 5 systems were all more than 0.975 in the range of 0-300.00 mg/L compared with Siemens specific protein analyzer. All systems passed the trueness verification using the samples with specified values of 12.89 and 30.60 mg/L. Conclusion:The performance of 5 systems can basically meet the clinical needs, but it is suggested that the whole blood CRP detection system without automatic Hct correction should be modified manually.

Objetive： To investigate the mechanism of antidepressant effect of verbascoside based on high-throughput sequencing technology （RNA-Seq），and to explore the possible targets and signaling pathways. MethodsForty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group，model group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group，10 mice in each group. Except for the control group，all the other three groups were constructed with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation （CUMS） combined with solitary feeding for four weeks. Control group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group were administered by gavage once daily for three weeks during the second week of modeling. The mice were assessed by sugar-water preference test，forced swimming test，open field test，elevated cross maze test，and water maze test. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was performed to detect the levels of major neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors in mice serum，and mRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed in the nucleus accumben and colon to screen differentially expressed genes and perform pathway enrichment analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of Gad，Slc32a1（VGAT） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF） in nucleus accumbens. ResultCompared with the control group，the anxiety and depression-like behaviors in the model group increased，while the learning and memory ability decreased significantly. The content of neurotransmitter in serum decreased significantly. The content of pro-inflammatory factors increased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens decreased significantly，while that of BDNF increased significantly. Compared with the model group，the anxiety and depression-like behavior of mice in verbascoside group was significantly relieved. The neurotransmitter content increased significantly，and the pro-inflammatory factors decreased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens increased significantly，while that of BDNF decreased significantly.A total of 48 differentially expressed genes in nucleus accumbens and 43 differentially expressed genes in colon were screened by high-throughput sequencing. Differential genes in nucleus accumbens mainly focus on neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction， γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）ergic synapse，synaptic vesicle cycle and other pathways. Colonic differential genes are mainly concentrated in GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle circulation，cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） signal pathway and other signal pathways. Compared with the control group，the mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens of model group decreased significantly，while the mRNA expression of BDNF increased significantly. ConclusionVerbascoside has significant antidepressant effects. Its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase of monoamine neurotransmitters，the decrease of pro-inflammatory factors and the restoration of neurotransmitter homeostasis by increasing GABA，and it mainly acts through the signaling pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction，GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle cycle and cAMP signaling pathway.