The segmental distribution of the afferent fibers traversing the stellate ganglia was studied with HRP techinque in 33 cats. The animals were divided into two groups. In one group HRP was injected into the stellate ganglion of one side. Labelled cells were found in ipsilateral spinal ganglia from C_4 to T_9. The majority of these cells (84.49％) were distribued in T_1 to T_5 segments. There is no conspicuous difference between the left and right in respect to the segmental and the pattern distribution of labelled cells. The majority of the labelled cells were medium or small sized (

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have great impact on the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer (GC).Recent studies show that the over-expression of H19,HOTAIR,TINCR and LINC00152 and the down-expression of MEG3,GAS5,LET and AA174084 are closely related to the occurrence,invasion,metastasis and prognosis of GC.lncRNAs provide an opportunity to develop new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) can spontaneously differentiate into neurons and glial cells in the absence of mitogen fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) in medium and the spontaneous differentiation of NSCs is mediated partially by endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). This study examined the relationship of FGF-2 and CNTF in the spontaneous differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitor cells (AHPs). AHPs were cultured in the medium containing different concentration of FGF-2 (1-100 ng/mL). Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were applied to detect the expression of the astrocytic marker GFAP, the neuronal marker Tuj1, the oligodendrocytic marker CNPase and, Nestin, the marker of AHPs. The expression of endogenous CNTF in AHPs at early (passage 4) and late stage (passage 22) was also measured by Western blotting. The results showed that FGF-2 increased the expression of Nestin, dramatically inhibited the expression of GFAP and Tuj1 and slightly suppressed the expression of CNPase. FGF-2 down-regulated the expression of endogenous CNTF in AHPs at both early (passage 4) and late stage (passage 22). These results suggested that FGF-2 could inhibit the spontaneous differentiation of cultured AHPs by negatively regulating the expression of endogenous CNTF in AHPs.

Data mining technology was adopted to analyze the rules of acupoint selection in treatment of erectile dysfunction with acupuncture and moxibustion. All of the articles for acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of erectile dysfunction were searched from the databases, i.e. Chinese national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP, Chinese biomedical literature database (SinoMed) and PubMed, and the clinical trials on erectile dysfunction treated with acupuncture and moxibustion were screened. The database was set up by using Excel 2019 and input into R 4.0.3, and then, the therapeutic method, use frequency of acupoint, meridian tropism, collection visualization analysis, cluster analysis and association rule analysis were summarized. A total of 240 articles were included, with 516 prescriptions and 145 acupoints involved. The methods for treatment of erectile dysfunction included acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, acupuncture, acupoint injection, electroacupuncture, etc. The acupoints with high use frequency were Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Mingmen (GV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongji (CV 3), Ciliao (BL 32), Qihai (CV 6), Taixi (KI 3) and Taichong (LR 3). The meridians involved with high frequency were the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, the conception vessel, the spleen meridian of foot-taiyin, etc. The common acupoint combination was Shangliao (BL 31), Zhongliao (BL 33), Ciliao (BL 32), Xialiao (BL 34) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenshu (BL 23), Guanyuan (CV 4). In association rule analysis (confidence ≥ 90%, support ≥ 20%), there were 27 association rules in total. The acupoint combination with the highest support referred to "Shenshu (BL 23), Sanyinjiao (SP 6)→Guanyuan (CV 4)" (support 46.7%) and the acupoint combination with the highest confidence was "Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Qihai (CV 6)→Guanyuan (CV 4)" (confidence 98.0%). The acupoints could be divided into 5 effective clusters. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy has a certain of rules of acupoint selection in treatment of erectile dysfunction, which provides the evidences for modern clinical trial and treatment.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Data Mining ; Erectile Dysfunction/therapy* ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Technology

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) can spontaneously differentiate into neurons and glial cells in the absence of mitogen fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) in medium and the spontaneous differentiation of NSCs is mediated partially by endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). This study examined the relationship of FGF-2 and CNTF in the spontaneous differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitor cells (AHPs). AHPs were cultured in the medium containing different concentration of FGF-2 (1-100 ng/mL). Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were applied to detect the expression of the astrocytic marker GFAP, the neuronal marker Tuj1, the oligodendrocytic marker CNPase and, Nestin, the marker of AHPs. The expression of endogenous CNTF in AHPs at early (passage 4) and late stage (passage 22) was also measured by Western blotting. The results showed that FGF-2 increased the expression of Nestin, dramatically inhibited the expression of GFAP and Tuj1 and slightly suppressed the expression of CNPase. FGF-2 down-regulated the expression of endogenous CNTF in AHPs at both early (passage 4) and late stage (passage 22). These results suggested that FGF-2 could inhibit the spontaneous differentiation of cultured AHPs by negatively regulating the expression of endogenous CNTF in AHPs.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cells ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective To explore the characteristics of functional connectivity based on cerebellum at resting state and the brain functions related to cognitive function on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Thirty ADHD children (ADHD group) were diagnosed at ADHD Specialist Clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital,Nantong University from June 2015 to July 2017,and 33 healthy children (healthy control group) were selected from a normal school in Changzhou.Then,they received the functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)scans.Finally,the differences of the characteristics of functional connectivity were compared between the 2 groups based on cerebellum which had been found with dysfunction on the previous study of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.Results It all showed positive activated brain regions when comparing ADHD group and healthy control group based on left cerebellum (-49.5,-58.5,-18.5) as ADHD children's functional connectivity scores were higher in left middle frontal gyrus [volume =835 mm3,coordinate (-27,-21,51)],right middle frontal gyrus [volume =755 mm3,coordinate(45,-3,6)],right superior temporal gyrus [volume =256 mm3,coordinate (45,-24,-6)],left limbic lobe[volume =513 mm3,coordinate (-15,-3,-18)],and there were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (t =4.10,4.38,3.97,3.32,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There exist abnormal functional connectivity between cerebellum and left middle frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,right superior temporal gyrus and left limbic lobe.It may be one of the brain mechanisms of the main clinical manifestations of the decreasing of attention,hyperactivity and impulsiveness and the dysfunction of cognitive function.

The occurrence and progression of thyroid cancer are related to a series of molecular changes and the activation of signaling pathways, which is the basis of targeted therapy. For inoperable locally advanced, metastatic and refractory thyroid cancer, especially anaplastic thyroid cancer, the efficacy of targeted therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) , has been demonstrated in clinical trials. TKIs can relieve clinical symptoms, improve patients’quality of life, prolong the progress free survival, and even create opportunities for radical operation or reoperation. This article reviews and summarizes the key molecular events in tumorigenesis and progression of thyroid cancer, and analyzes the results of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of different TKIs in refractory advanced thyroid cancer, in order to provide reference and assistance for individualized targeted therapy of patients.