BACKGROUND:Conventional therapies for lumbar spondylolisthesis can result in trauma,bleeding and low back pain.With the vigorous development of spinal biomechanics and novel spinal fixation systems,we have more understanding on the reduction and fusion after spondylolisthesis.OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effects of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusionvia the quadrant system on lumbar spondylolisthesis and related biomechanical changes.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was done in 23 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusionviathe quadrant system admitted from June 2012 to September 2013.Oswestry disability index and visual analog scale score were detected at 3 months and 1 year after treatment,as wel as fusion conditions and internal fixation with or without loosening or breakage.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were successfuly treated,with no cerebrospinal fluid leakage and nerve injury.Incisions were healed wel in al cases except one case suffered from incision infection that wascontroled after 10 days of antibiotic treatment.Al the patients were folowed up.The Oswestry disability indexes and visual analog scale scores were significantly improved at 3 months and 1 year after treatment (P ＜0.05),but there was no difference in these two scores at 3 months and 1 year after treatment (P＞0.05).The improvement rates of Oswestry disability index and visual analog scale score were (65.3±14.8)％and (58.2±12.0)％,respectively.These findings indicate that the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusionvia the quadrant system is safe and effective to correct lumbar spondylolisthesis,maintains the biomechanical stability,improves patient's symptoms,reduces the incidence of low back pain and improves the quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Gypsum Fibrosum and Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum in promoting granulation. METHODS: The wounds of muscle layer were produced in rats by using surgical operation. Two round wounds, with diameter about 1.5 cm, were cut at the depilatory area of two sides of the back of each rat, with an interval of 2 cm, deep to muscle layer, and the thickness of the knife wound of muscle layer was about 0.15 cm. Forty SD rats with the wounds were randomly divided into 4 groups: untreated group, beifuji-treated group, Gypsum Fibrosum-treated group and Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum-treated group, with 10 rats in each group. Then the wounds were sprinkled with powders of Gypsum Fibrosum and Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, or sprayed with beifuji solution, respectively. The healing state of granulation tissues of the wounds was observed at the eighth and fourteenth day respectively. RESULTS: The number of fibroblasts, the number of capillary tubes and the area of capillary tubes in granulation tissue of wounds in the Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum-treated group were significantly higher than those in the untreated group and Gypsum Fibrosum-treated group (P<0.01). There were no statistical differences between the Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum-treated group and the beifuji-treated group. However, Gypsum Fibrosum-treated group showed no obvious differences compared to the untreated group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum can accelerate the formation of collagenoblast and micrangium in wounds, and the proliferation of granulation tissues, thus promoting the skin wounds to healing. The effect of Gypsum Fibrosum is changed after being calcined, and Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum has obvious effect in promoting granulation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ginsenosides (GSS) extracted from ginseng stem and leaves on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in different viscera in heat-damaged rats, and to find out its action mechanism. METHODS: Thirty-two male SD rats were divided into control group and experimental group, and fed 2 mg/d GSS and equal-quantity of distilled water respectively for 7 days. Eight rats of each group were exposed to (42+/-1) degrees C for one hour. The binding activities of GR in brain, thymus, lung and liver cytosols in rats were detected by radioligand binding assay. The expression levels of GR mRNA in brain and liver cytosols were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CS) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The binding activities of GR in brain, lung and liver cytosols, and the expression levels of GR mRNA in brain and liver cytosols were all higher in the GSS-treated and heat-damaged rats than those in the untreated heat-damaged rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of ACTH and CS between the GSS-treated heat-damaged rats and the untreated heat-damaged rats. CONCLUSION: GSS can lessen the descending degree of the binding activity of GR in brain, thymus, lung and liver cytosols, and such efficacy of GSS may be related to improvement of the expression of GR mRNA.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombosis is regarded unresectable.Most of the patients received non-surgical treatment or gave up treatment,and the prognosis of these patients is poor.As the development of surgical treatment,the success rate of surgical treatment for HCC combined with IVC tumor thrombosis is increasing yearly.In May of 2012,one patient with HCC combined with IVC tumor thrombosis received hepatic Ⅴ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ segmentectomy + tumor thrombosis removal from the IVC at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.Preoperative computed tomography showed space-occupying lesions in the segments Ⅴ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ,and the IVC was filled with tumor thrombi.The volume of the left liver was 489 cm3,which was under the limit for survival.In order to preserve the remnant liver,right hepatectomy with reservation of hepatic segment Ⅵ,and the tumor thrombi in the IVC were removed with total hepatic vascular exclusion.The patient was recovered with no tumor recurrence or metastasis at postoperative month 18.

In teaching the course of Environmental Hygiene to the senior major of the four-year undergraduates of the Department of Public Administration,we have tried to reform the teaching program for the course of Public Place Hygiene.The related theories are taught right on the spot of public places instead of in classrooms.Students are organized to carry out such activities on their own as studying subject matters,consulting related documents and data,working out and implementing programs for on-the-spot monitoring and inspection,and then exchanging and discussing the results of monitoring and inspection,so that their interest in the courses is increased and their understanding of what they have learned is deepened.In this way they are able to apply their knowledge to practice,improve their practical capabilities,and enhance their overall capacity for analyzing and finding solutions to problems they are faced with.

Object To evaluate the effects of ginsenosides (GSS) in stem and leaves of ginseng on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hemorrhagic shock rats, and study the mechanism. Methods Rats were divided into hemorrhagic shock group and control group. The rats in hemorrhagic shock groups were ig 200, 100, 50 mg/kg/d GSS, model group and control group were ig distilled water 2 mL for 10 days. The Rs of GR in brain and hepatic cytosol of rats were measured by radioligand binding assay, using [ 3H] dexamethasone as the ligand. The level of GR mRNA expression in hepatic cytosol were determined by RT-PCR. Plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations were determined by the radioimmunoassay. Results Rs of GR in brain and hepatic cytosol were higher in hemorrhagic shock+GSS groups than those in hemorrhagic shock group, and the Rs of GR was the highest in hemorrhagic shock+10 mg/mL GSS group (P

Gluconobacter oxydans is known to oxidize glucose to gluconic acid (GA), and subsequently, to 2-keto-gluconic acid (2KGA) and 5-keto-gluconic acid (5KGA), while 5KGA can be converted to L-(+)-tartaric acid. In order to increase the production of 5KGA, Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1 that converts GA to 5KGA exclusively was chosen in this study, and effects of carbon sources (lactose, maltose, sucrose, amylum and glucose) and nitrogen sources (yeast extract, fish meal, corn steep liquor, soybean meal and cotton-seed meal) on 5KGA production were investigated. Results of experiment in 500 mL shake-flask show that the highest yield of 5KGA (98.20 g/L) was obtained using 100 g/L glucose as carbon source. 5KGA reached 100.20 g/L, 109.10 g/L, 99.83 g/L with yeast extract, fish meal and corn steep liquor as nitrogen source respectively, among which the optimal nitrogen source was fish meal. The yield of 5KGA by corn steep liquor is slightly lower than that by yeast extract. For the economic reason, corn steep liquor was selected as nitrogen source and scaled up to 5 L stirred-tank fermentor, and the final concentration of 5KGA reached 93.80 g/L, with its maximum volumetric productivity of 3.48 g/(L x h) and average volumetric productivity of 1.56 g/(L x h). The result obtained in this study showed that carbon and nitrogen sourses for large-scale production of 5KGA by Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1 were glucose and corn steep liquor, respectively, and the available glucose almost completely (85.93%) into 5KGA.
Bioreactors ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Gluconates ; metabolism ; Gluconobacter oxydans ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; Nitrogen ; chemistry

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors with widely varying morphologies and behaviors. Due to their rarity and heterogeneity, progress in improving its treatment has been slow. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) is a subset of NETs, previously known as islet cell tumors, occupies 3% of the primary pancreatic tumors with the annual incidence rate of (1-2)/100 000. In recent years, it is very necessary to improve the diagnosis and treatment of pNETs.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma accounts for 85％-90％ in pancreatic cancer, followed by the pancreatic cellendocrine tumors and pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.In addition, mesenchymal cell carcinoma of pancreas is rare, and a mixed pancreatic cancer from 3 cells carcinoma is extremely rare.And pancreatic cancer always assume hypovascular tumor,spontaneous rupture of pancreatic cancer is rarely reported.A patient with a mixed duct-acinar-islet cell tumor of pancreas was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in June 2014, and underwent emergent operation of intraabdominal bleeding due to spontaneous rupture of tumor.The follow-up was done up to January 20, 2015.The patient died of intraabdominal widespread implantation metastasis of pancreatic cancer.A mixed duct-acinar-islet cell tumor of pancreas is extremely rare and easy to metastasis and diffusion of tumor with a rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis of patient,while operation is the key to terminate deterioration of the condition, and is the last line of defense to save lives.

For patients with malignant pancreatic cancer combined with vascular invasion,radical pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection and anastomosis is the treatment of choice.Because this procedure is difficult to manage and with high risks,it is a great challenge to surgeons.A 50-year old patient with pancreatic head cancer whose portal vein and superior mesenteric vein were involved received radical pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.In the surgery,the tumor and its surrounding tissues were dissected,and then the portal vein and splenic vein were reconstructed.The patient was discharged at the 10th day after the surgery with favorable prognosis.