Objective To evaluate the influence of Motivational Interview on function restore and life quality after artificial unilateral total hip replacement surgery. Methods A convenient sampling method was used for collecting 103 patients underwent artificial unilateral total hip replacement surgery for the study. Lottery method was used to divide these patients in to treatment group 53 cases and control group 50 cases. Intervention of both joint exercise and motivational interview was used for the treatment group, and routine health education was used for the control group in a large general hospital in Hangzhou. Results 1 month later, patients′joint function assessed with Harris score of the intervention group and control group were 62.40 ± 8.95 and 54.06 ± 9.61; 3 months later, intervention group was 82.25 ± 7.09 while control group was 74.60 ± 9.97, the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.559 and-4.451, P=0.000). Patients′life quality after 1 month was 485.54 ± 86.85 in intervention group and 400.69 ± 72.36 in control group;3 months later, the scores were 601.54 ± 73.49 and 543.08 ± 81.77, the difference was statistically significant (t=-5.370 and-3.821, P=0.000). Conclusions Motivational Interview was capable of improving joint function restore and quality of life through changing patients′ motivation, helping patients establishing and adhering to joint exercise.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of Probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:The recent pertinent literature about the use of Probiotics in the treatment of UC was retrieved from PubMed and Medline and the methodology and literature quality were evaluated in accordance with the evaluation criteria for the quality of literature of evidence-based medicine.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The majority of the studies showed that Probiotics are of positive value for the remission of the US at acute stage and maintaining of remission induction of drugs in the treatment of UC.Strictly designed and randomized controlled trials(RCTs)remain to be done to tackle the problems encountered by the micro-ecological preparations as a new therapy in the treatment of UC.

Distribution and morphologic features of AChE-containing neurons were observed by the technique of AChE regeneration. There are three kinds: AChE-staining cells--heavily stained cells, medium stained cells and lightly stained cells. Most heavily stained cells are larger multipolar cells. They are located mainly in striatum, basal forebrain, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, red nucleus, ventral tegmental nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, pontine tegmental nucleus and the motor nuclei of cranial nerves. The results of AChE-staining were compared with the date of ChAT immunohistochemistry. The relationship between AChE and cholinergic neurons as well as the nature of AChE-containing neurons were discussed.

Objective To apply RNA interference technique for reducing the expression of MDC1 gene in esophageal carcinoma cell line ECA109, observe the changes in cell cycle and radiosensitivity after radiation, and discuss related mechanisms. Methods Three pairs of effective interference sequences and negative control sequences were synthesized for MDC1 mRNA sequence, and a recombinant plasmid was constructed with the vector pSIH1?H1?copGFP. RT?PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression levels of MDC1 mRNA and protein. Colony?forming assay was applied to measure radiosensitivity, flow cytometry to determine cell cycle, Western blot to determine the expression of CHK1 and CHK2 proteins, and laser scanning confocal microscope to observe the number of MDC1 blotches inside the nucleus. One?way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences between groups. Results The pSIH1?H1?copGFP plasmid was constructed successfully and ECA109 cells were infected to obtain ECA109M cells with stable transfection. The expression levels of MDC1 mRNA and protein in ECA109M cells were lower than those in ECA109N and ECA109 cells ( P= 0. 032 and 0. 041, respectively ) . After 5?Gy radiation, ECA109M cells had a lower proportion of G2+M cells than ECA109N and ECA109 cells ( P=0. 026) . After 5?Gy radiation, ECA109, ECA109N, and ECA109M cells had similar expression levels of CHK1 and CHK2 proteins ( P= 0. 345 and 0. 451, respectively ) , and ECA109M cells had a lower expression level of CHK2 T68 protein than ECA109 and ECA109N cells ( P=0. 012) . ECA109 cells had a D0 value of 3. 06 Gy and an SF2 value of 0. 91;the D0 values for ECA109N and ECA109M cells were 2. 90 Gy and 1. 88 Gy, respectively, and the SF2 values for them were 0. 89 and 0. 84, respectively ( P=0. 021 and 0. 037, respectively ) . Conclusions RNA interference can reduce the expression levels of MDC1 protein and cell cycle?related proteins, release cell cycle arrest, and enhance radiosensitivity in esophageal carcinoma ECA109 cells.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.

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Objective To investigate the effects of inhibition of MDC1 protein expression on xenografted tumors in nude mice,and to observe the histopathological and cellular changes in nude mice.Methods Three pairs of effective and control short hairpin RNA targeting MDC1 mRNA were designed and cloned into the pSIH1-H1-copGFP vector.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of MDC1.After selection by copGFP reporter gene,cells were divided into negative transfection group (ECA109-N) and MDC1 transfection group (ECA109-M).The transfected cells were injected into nude mice.The mice were divided into ECA109 group,ECA109-N group,and ECA109-M group.Each group was divided into irradiation subgroup and non-irradiation subgroup.The changes in tumor size after irradiation were evaluated in each group.Western blot was used to measure the expression of CHK1,CHK2,and CHK2T68 in xenografted tumors.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of tumor cells in nude mice.The variance analysis was used to compare the mean of multiple groups,and the SNK-q test was used in the two two groups.Results The pMDC1-shRNA plasmid was successfully constructed and used to transfect ECA109 cells.ECA109-M cells were obtained by stable transfection with the recombinant plasmid.All inoculated nude mice survived with visible xenografted tumors at the underside of the paw in about one week.There was no swelling and wound in inoculation sites.There was no significant difference in tumor size between different groups (P＞0.05).The tumor growth in the ECA109 group and the ECA109-N group significantly slowed down after irradiation with a dose of 15 Gy (P＜0.05).Compared with the other two groups,the ECA109-M group had a significant smaller tumor size,significantly slower relative tumor growth,and significantly higher growth inhibition (all P＜0.05).The q value of the ECA109-M group was 1.36.In the ECA109-M group,there were no significant changes in the protein expression of CHK1 and CHK2 after irradiation (P＞ 0.05);however,the phosphorylation of CHK2T68 protein was significantly reduced after irradiation (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in cell cycle distribution or the proportion of apoptotic cells in tumor tissue between the three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Inhibition of MDC1 protein expression by RNA interference can effectively inhibit the growth of xenografted tumors after irradiation in the nude mice by increasing their radiosensitivity.

ObjectiveTo analyze the outcomes and prognostic factors of advanced esophageal carcinoma treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).MethodsFrom Jul 2001 to Dec 2006.375 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated by 3DCRT were retrospectively analyzed of which Ⅰ stage 9,Ⅱ stage 106,Ⅲ stage 158,Ⅳstage 102.The short-term effect,1-,3-,5-year local regional control rates and survival rates were investigated.The local regional control rates and survival rate were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate prognostic factor was analyzed by Logrank method.Multivariate prognostic factor was analyzed using Cox regression model.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 94.7％.The numbers of patients followed-up with 5 years was 191.The 1-,3-and 5-year local control rates were 80.5％,53.7％,44.9％respectively.The 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 67.2％,29.4％,19.0％respectively.Univariate analysis showed the significant prognostic factors included the degree of dysphagia,tumor length,the largest diameter of lesion in CT image,T stage,N stage,clinical TNM stage,grades of acute radiation-induced esophagitis and grades of acute radiation-induced pneumonery ( x2 =46.75,18.52,30.24,42.53,32.71,75.68,7.13,4.64,P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.008,0.031 ).Multivariate analysis revealed tumor length,clinical TNM stage,chemotherapy and grades of acute radiationinduced esophagitis were independent prognostic factors (x2 =6.70,18.00,4.87,1.1 8,P =0.030,0.000,0.027,0.011 ).Conclusions3DCRT is effective and feasible in treatment of the advanced esophageal carcinoma.Tumor lesion length,clinical TNM stage,chemotherapy and grades of acute radiation-induced esophagitis are independent prognostic factors for survival of patients.

Objective: This study was performed to analyze the feasibility of elective nodal irradiation (ENI) for early-stage esophageal carcinoma (EEC), evaluate the curative effect of radiation therapy for EEC, and determine the causes of treatment failure. Methods:Data were collected from 123 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of clinical T1-2 N0-1 M0 stage. Patients were divided into two groups based on different types of radiation therapy. Among the 123 patients, 102 underwent involved field irradiation (IFI), whereas 21 received ENI. A comparative analysis of patients in the two groups was conducted. Results:In 123 patients, the one-, three-, and five-year overall survival rates were 87.8%, 47.2%, and 36.6%, respectively. By contrast, the one-, three-, and five-year local control rates were 89.4%, 67.5%, and 48.8%, respectively. After comparing the one-, three-, and five-year survival rates in the ENI patients (i.e., 90.5%, 47.6%, and 42.9%, respectively) with those in the IFI patients (i.e., 86.3%, 49.0%, and 35.2%, respectively), no significant difference was found (χ2=0.290, P=0.588 8). The results indicate that ENI possibly decreased nodal metastases (χ2=5.778, P=0.016). Conclusion:Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is one of the best therapeutic regimens of radiation for EEC. ENI is possibly effective for preventing regional nodal metastasis. Whether ENI leads to an improved overall survival needs further investigation.

This study aims to determine a reasonable clinical staging standard for patients with esophageal carcinoma who were receiving non-surgical treatment. The patients were staged on the basis of the (2004 and 2009 editions of clinical staging stan-dards. The prognosis of patients with different staging standards, as well as the effect of gross tumor volume-tumor (GTV-T) on clinical T stage and prognosis, was observed. Methods:Data on 219 patients with esophageal carcinoma who were receiving radical radiothera-py were retrospectively analyzed. Prior to radiotherapy, all patients underwent examinations, including esophageal barium meal and po-sitioning CT scan, for use in the radiation treatment planning system to outline the target range and to calculate the volume of GTV-T. All patients were staged with the use of the aforementioned clinical staging standards. Prognostic outcomes of the patients were ob-served. Results:For all patients, the one-, three-, and five-year overall survival rates were 70.8%, 35.6%, and 20.7%, respectively. The survival curve resolution of patients who were staged with the use of the 2009 edition of clinical staging standards was better than that of the patients who were staged with the use of the 2004 edition. Survival difference was significant (χ2=29.497, P<0.001). The clinical T stage positively correlated with GTV-T (r=0.615, P<0.001). GTV-T could thus affect prognosis at different T stages. Conclusion:Both esophageal carcinoma clinical staging standards could reflect the prognosis of patients undergoing radiotherapy, but the 2009 edi-tion appeared more accurate than the 2004 edition.