The ingredients of compound "Baxianjiangtang" are Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Polygoni Multiflori preparate, Rodix Astragali, Radix Ophiopogonis etc. Pharmacological tests showed that it can decrease LPO and increase the activity of SOD in blood and liver of Alloxan induced diabetic rats and mice.It also increased that phagocytosis of phagocytes of experimental anim als. It can increased tolerance to fatigue at low and high temperature conditions. According tothe above results, it can be considered as safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonography in diagnosis and preoperative TNM staging for neuroendocrine breast cancer(NEBC).Methods The ultrasonic characteristics of 12 NEBC and 104 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) confirmed by pathology,as well as the metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed retrospectively.The TNM-staging for NEBC by preoperative ultrasonography was evaluated according to pathology.And the relation between lesions size and Ki-67 was then analyzad.Results NEBC lesions mainly showed solid and heterogeneous hypoechoic(66.67％),irregular shape(66.67％),clear border (58.33 ％),posterior enhancement(58.33 ％) and internal blood flow(grade 0-Ⅰ) (66.67 ％).The detection rate of unclear border,irregular edge,hyperechoic halos and uneven internal echo was lower than IDC(P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,NEBC had a lower detection rate of calcification and internal blood flow(grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ)than IDC (P ＞0.05).And the detection rate of more round or oval lesions were higher in NEBC than that in IDC (P =0.001).According to pathology,the ultrasonic coincidence rate for T staging of NEBC and pathology was 75％,and for T1-staging was 100％,for T2-staging was 80％.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasonic diagnosis on lymph node metastases was 66.67％,88.89％,66.67％ and 88.89％,respectively.There was a positive correlation between focal maximum diameter with Ki-67 (r=0.026,P=0.004).Conclusions It shows certain value of ultrasonography in diagnosis and preoperative TNM staging for NEBC.

BACKGROUND:Ricin possesses strong cytotoxicity but lacks of specificity.Severe adverse reactions can be caused if ricin is systemically administered.Interstitial chemotherapy with ricin coated by a sustained-release carrier can enhance local therapeutic effects of tumor,avoiding systemic-toxic occurrence.OBJECTIVE:To prepare injectable and biodegradable thermosensitive poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)-polyethylene glycol(PEG)-PLGA copolymer-based hydrogels and to observe the in vitro drug delivery of the PLGA-PEO-PLGA copolymer hydrogel as a sustained-release carrier of ricin.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A controlled observation was performed at the Center for Medical Bioengineering.Fujian Medical University between August and December 2007.MATERlALS:Ricin with a purity of 95%was purified by Fuiian Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine.DL-lactide and L-glycolide were provided by Glycolide Lactide Co.,Ltd..China.METHODS:PLGA-PEG-PLGA-copolymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Phase transition temperature was determined by test tube turnover.relativemolecular mass by high-performance gel permeation chromatography,the proportion of block copolymer by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry.the in vitro drug delivery of ricin coated by PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymcr hydrogelby enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.the structural integrity of released ricin by high-performance liquid chromatography,the cytotoxicity of released ricin by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay.RESULTS:The synthesized copolymer PLGA-PEG-PLGA exhibited reverse.thermosensitivity.The phase transition temperature of the copolymer was 26℃at 230 g/L.The weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight of this copolymer was 8 027 and 6 643,respectively,and the multiple-dispersion toefficient was 1.17.The block ratio for PEG and PLGA was 3:2.Drug-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel could release ricin in vitro for a total of 18 successive days and simultaneously well maintain cytotoxicity and the structural stability of ricin.CONCLUSION:PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymer is an ideal carrier for sustained delivery of ricin

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT).MethodsNinety HCC patients with different type PVTT underwent ultrasound-guided PEI once or twice a week.The follow-up lasted 12 to 60 months,and the 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year survival rates were calculated.ResultsThe median survival time of HCC combined with PVTT patients treated with PEI was 12 months,and the 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year survival rates was 52.22％,23.33％,15.56％,12.22％ and 10.00％,respectively.The survival rate correlated significantly to the type of PVTT.The lower the type of PVTT was,the longer the patients lived.ConclusionUltrasound-guided PEI is a safe and effective method for the treatment of HCC combined with PVTT,and can prolong the survival time of HCC patients with low type PVTT.

Objective To investigate the tumor chemical ablation and analgesic effects of compound lauromacrogol,and to explore a new method for ultrasound-guided tumor ablation.Methods 18 VX2 tumorbearing rabbits were randomly divided into saline group,ethanol group and compound lauromacrogol group,and the medicine was intratumoral injected guided by ultrasonography.After 4 times treatment,tumor contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,tumor growth inhibition rate and tumor tissue pathology were performed to evaluate the antitumor effects.The analgesic effect was evaluated using the pain model induced by formaldehyde test.Results Ultrasound-guided intratumoral injection of compound lauromacrogol showed significant antitumor effects with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 63.3 ％,which was higher than that of ethanol group.No apparent enhancement was found under contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,and pathology results confirmed wide necrosis.In saline,ethanol and compound lauromacrogol groups,the average accumulated points were 62.25 ± 9.79,21.00 ± 9.13 and 9.87 ± 3.10,respectively by formaldehyde test.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided chemical ablation using compound lauromacrogol showed complete antitumor and strong analgesic effects,which would be a new method for tumor ablation.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a Tlymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease. The research on AA was focused on three areas, which were the pathogenesis of immune dysfunction, hematopoietic stem cell damage and abnormal hematopoietic microenvironment. In recent years, more attentions have been paid on abnormal immune mechanisms in the blood. There are complex intracellular cytokine and signal transduction pathway of pathogenesis in AA. And T-bet/IFN-γ signaling pathway plays an important role in development and progression of AA. This article aimed to review T-bet/IFN-γ signaling pathways in AA.

Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of microinvasive breast carcinoma (MBC),and to improve its detection rate.Methods Sixty-five MBC,85 breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)and 99 breast invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)confirmed by pathology were divided into mass type and ductal type according to ultrasonic manifestaions,and the ultrasound characteristics were retrospectively analyzed.Results MBC showed 89.23%(58/65)mass type with 64 lesions and 10.77%(7/65)ductal type. DCIS showed 88.24% (75/85 )mass type with 78 lesions and 1 1 .76% (10/85 )ductal type.IDC group showed all mass type with 102 lesions.In MBC,most mass type lesions were solid and hypoechoic with a mean maximum diameter,which was larger than DCIS,but similar with IDC(P >0.05).More mass type lesions with irregular shape and calcification were found in MBC than in DCIS(P < 0.05 ),while similar with IDC(P >0.05).The detection rate of spiculate margin in mass type lesions of MBC was higher than DCIS(P <0.05),but lower than IDC(P <0.05).Less mass type lesions showed unclear border,high A/T ratio and hyperechoic halos in MBC than in IDC(P <0.05),but similar with DCIS(P >0.05).More ductal type lesions displayed indistinct duct wall in MBC than DCIS(P <0.05 ).Meanwhile,MBC had a higher detection rate of internal blood flow(grade 2-3)than DCIS.Conclusions There are more lesions with large diameter,irregular shape,short spiculate margin and calcification in MBC than DCIS.Compared with IDC, MBC lesions are atypical in spiculate margin,and less lesions show hyperechoic halos and high A/T ratio. To be familiar with ultrasound characteristics of MBC is significant for improving its ultrasound detection rate.

Objective To investigate the ultrasonic characteristics of invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC) of breast and the metastatic lymph nodes,and to evaluate the value of ultrasonography for preoperative TNM staging.Methods The ultrasonic characteristics of 16 IMPC and 81 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) confirmed by pathology,as well as the metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed retrospectively.The TNM-staging for IMPC by preoperative ultrasonography was evaluated according to pathology.Results Compared with IDC group,the masses showed higher A/T ratio (＜ 0.7),larger maximum diameter,more calcification,unclear border and lymph node metastasis rate,while less acoustic halo in IMPC group.Meanwhile,similar ultrasonic characteristics,such as irregular shape,uneven internal echo,spiculate margin,posterior acoustic attenuation and internal blood flow were seen in IMPC and IDC groups (P ＞0.05).According to pathology,the ultrasonic coincidence rate for T staging was 56.3 ％,and T2-staging was 85.7％.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasonic diagnosis on lymph node metastases was 70.0％,83.3％,87.5％ and 62.5％,respectively.Conclusions Ultrasonography displayed more typical malignant signs,higher lymph node metastasis rate and diagnosis accuracy for IMPC,which possessed certain value for preoperative TNM staging.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intratumoral injection of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres containing cobra venom cytotoxin in nude mice with transplanted human hepatoma. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of cytotoxin from cobra venom was determined by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method in vitro. Microspheres containing cobra venom cytotoxin were prepared with a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Forty BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously in right flank with hepatoma BEL-7404 cells. Thirty-two mice whose tumor size reached about 1.0 cm in diameter, were randomly assigned into normal saline group, blank microsphers group, cytotoxin group and cytotoxin-PLGA group. Nude mice were intratumorally injected with normal saline, blank microspheres, cytotoxin or cytotoxin-PLGA microspheres respectively. Internal echo characteristics and blood flow of tumors were observed by high-frequency ultrasound every week after treatment. Twenty-six days after treatment, the tumors were removed to calculate the inhibition rate of tumor growth. The tumor, heart, liver and kidney tissues were obtained for histopathological examination. Results: The cytotoxin separated and purified from crude cobra venom caused intense cytotoxic effects to the BEL-7404 cells in vitro. The diameter of PLGA microspheres containing cobra venom cytotoxin was about (34.45+/-9.85)mum. Encapsulation rate was up to (78.13+/-8.92)%, and cumulative amount of cobra venom cytotoxin released from the PLGA microspheres in vitro during 30 days was up to 84.3%. After intratumoral injection, tumor volumes and weights in the cytotoxin-PLGA group were lower than those in the normal saline group, with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 52.36%. Observed under a light microscope, most tumor tissues were necrotic. No obvious morphological change could be seen on the liver, kidney and heart tissues. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that intratumoral injection of cytotoxin-PLGA microspheres has strong antitumor effect and can obviously lessen systemic toxicity, which may provide an effective and feasible method for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Objective To compare the ultrasonic and mammographic appearances of breast chronic inflammation (BCI). Methods The ultrasonic and mammographic features of 20 pathologically conifrmed BCI cases were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were of single lesion. Fisher deifnite probability method was used to compare the differences between ultrasonic and mammographic appearances as well as the diagnostic coincidence rate. Results Under ultrasonography, the mean longitudinal diameter/transverse diameter (L/T) ratio of 20 lessions was calcultated as 0.47±0.15, 17 lesions were of irregular shape, unclear boundary and inhomogeneous hypoecho, 13 lesions were of posterior echo enhancement, the blood lfow of 10 lesions belonged to 0-Ⅰ, and the other 10 belonged toⅡ-Ⅲ. The lesion shape, boundary and homogeneity detected by mammography were coincident to those by ultrasonography (P=1.00, 1.00, 0.61, respectively). In 5 lesions, dotted high-echoes were detected by ultrasonography, however no calciifcation was found by mammography. Meanwhile, 1 lesion with sporadic calciifcation detected by mammography was missed by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography detected 5 cases with axillary lymphadenopathy, in which only 1 case was found by mammography. The diagnostic coincidence rate of ultrasonography was 40%(8/20), which was obviously higher than 6% (1/16) by mammography (P=0.03). Conclusion BCI possesses certain ultrasonographic characteristics, and ultrasonography combined with mammography will be helpful for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign diseases.