Objective To explore the relationship between obesity and the various parameters of physical fitness and provide the basis of physical fitness management for people.Methods A total of 725 male college students recruited from a University in Yangzhou.Height,weight,waist circumference and physical fitness of the subjects were measured.According to Obesity criteria (BMI and/or WC) ,the college students were divided into the following 4 groups(BMI obesity group(BOG),WC obesity group(WOG),BMI and WC obesity group(BWOG) and normal group(NG)).Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between obesity and physical fitness.Results (1) Significantly,1500m (P<0.01) of BWOG,BOG and WOG,push-ups (P<0.01) and standing time on one foot with closed eyes (P<0.01) of BOG and WOG and whole body reaction time(P<0.01) of BOG were lower than that of NG.(2) Vital capacity of BWOG and WOG (P<0.01),and grip strength (P<0.01) and back strength of BWOG and BOG (P<0.05) were higher than that of NG.(3) Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds ratios of WOG(βBOG=-1.002,OR=0.367,95%CI=0.191-0.702,P<0.01) and BOG(βWOG=-1.785,OR=0.169,95%CI=0.038-0.772,P<0.05) for low 1500m subjects were higher,of BWOG(βBWOG=1.776,OR=5.901,95%CI=1.298-26.828,P<0.05) and BOG(βWOG=1.681,OR=5.365,95%CI=1.667~24.670,P<0.05) for high vital capacity subjects were higher, of BOG for subjects of low Push-ups(βBOG=-0.658,OR=0.518,95%CI=0.280-0.960,P<0.05) and whole body reaction time(βBOG=-0.902,OR=0.405,95%CI=0.213-0.775,P=0.005) were higher,of WOG for high back strength(βWOG=-1.583,OR=0.207,95%CI=0.045-0.946,P<0.05) were higher while of BWOG and BOG for high grip strength subjects (βBWOG=1.786,OR=5.974,95%CI=1.315-27.155,P<0.05;βBOG=0.712,OR=2.036,95%CI=1.088-3.806,P<0.05) were higher,as compared to the NG.Conclusions ubjects of BWOG,BOG and WOG show reduced cardiorespiratory,BOG and WOG show lower upper arm muscular endurance and balance.The subjects of BOG show lower agility,BWOG and WOG show increased muscular strength and vital capacity while the subjects of BWOG have higher vital capacity,upper arm muscular and back strength.

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic value of CT scan minimum attenuation values (minAVsCT) in adrenal adenomas and non-adenomas.Methods CT scan data of 89 cases of clinical and pathologically confirmed adrenal adenomas were subjected to retrospective analysis and compared with data of 46 cases involving 50 non-adenomas (25 metastases,20 pheochromocytomas,3 lymphomas,and 2 cortical carcinomas).The distributions of mean attenuation values (meanAVs) ￥ 10 Hu and minAVs ￥0 Hu and CT histogram analysis with ≥ 10％ negative pixels were observed in adrenal adenomas and non-adenomas,and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of these 3 methods for adenomas were calculated.Results The distributions of unenhanced meanAVs ￥ 10 Hu,minAVs ￥0 Hu,and CT histogram analysis with ≥ 10％ negative pixels among cases of adenoma and non-adenoma were 62.9％ (56/89) and 0％ (0/50) (x2=52.687,P=0.000),84.3％ (75/89) and 2％ (1/50) （x2=83.917,P=0.000),and 77.5％ (69/89) and 0％ (0/50) (x2=83.917,P=0.000),respectively.The respective diagnostic sensitivities,specificities,false negative rate (FNR),false positive rate (FPR),positive pre dictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of these 3 methods for adenomas were 62.9％vs 84.3％ vs 77.5％,100％ vs 98.0％ vs 100％,37.1％ vs 15.7％ vs 22.5％,0 vs 2％ vs 0,100％ vs 98.7％ vs 100％,60.2％ vs 77.8％ vs 71.4％,and 76.3％ vs 89.2％ vs 85.6％.Conclusion Although the specificity and PPV of minAVs≤0Hu is slightly less than meanAVs≤10Hu and CT histogram analysis with ≥ 10％ negative pixels,it exhibits the best sensitivity and accuracy with a simple operation,and is thus suitable for clinical application.

Objective To monitor the protective qualities of personal protective appliances and to ensure the health and safety of radiological working personnel.Methods The lead-equivalent thickness of personal protective appliances and materials was measured by means of standard lead slices.The lead equivalent thickness represents in terms of mm Pb.Results 77 pieces of products and samples were measured altogether.The results indicate that the specific lead equivalents of lead-rubber plates were between 0.20-0.39 mm Pb/mm for 37 pieces of lead-rubber plates and the values of 6 pieces of samples were less than 0.25 mm Pb/mm,which did not accord with the requirement of the relational standard.27 pieces of personal protection appliances were measured altogether.They were 12 pieces of protective clothes,4 pieces of protective headgears,5 pieces of protective neckpieces,4 pieces of protective gloves and 2 pieces of protective masks.13 pairs of lead-glass spectacles among them were measured altogether.The measured results for personal protective appliances and lead-glass spectacles showed that actually measured lead-equivalent were higher than the nominal lead-equivalent.Conclusions The protective qualities are reliable for personal protection materials and appliances to be made in home and imported abroad.But the protective qualities of interventional protection gloves should be improved and made them better.

Humans ; Dyslipidemias ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Risk Factors

The unbalanced economic development, the lifestyle changes of the residents, the aging before getting rich and the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases in China have brought great pressure on China′s health system. However, the prevention and control mechanism of chronic diseases in China is far from mature, which restricts the development of the prevention and control of chronic diseases in China. Singapore′s new concept on chronic disease management and the the 3-level theoretical framework are good experience in the world and deserve to be learned by China. This article introduced the Healthy Living Master Plan in health promotion practice in Singapore, and made suggestions on construction of health management system to cope with the disease burden in China.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety between laparoscopic total extraperitoneal prosthetic (TEP) and Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy in the treatment of inguinal hernia (IH).

METHODSClinical data of 158 IH patients at our hospital from October 2015 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 158 patients, 85 patients underwent TEP (TEP group), and 73 underwent Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy(Lichtenstein group). Patients of TEP group received general anesthesia. The space between suprapubic space and iliac fossa was separated with attention to protect the spermatic cord during the operation so as to avoid excessive separation. When the patch was placed, the internal margin exceeded the contralateral pubic tubercle, the lateral margin reached the anterior superior iliac spine, there was at least 2 cm overlap between the superior margin and the joint tendon, the lower margin was inserted into the suprapubic bladder space(Retzius space), and the lateral lower margin was at least 6 cm to internal ring. Lichtenstein group received local anesthesia or continuous epidural anesthesia and all underwent routine Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy. Operative time, postoperative conditions and recurrence were compared between two groups.

RESULTSAmong these 158 patients, 129 were male and 29 were female, with an age ranging from 26 to 75 years (median 42 years). Baseline data were not significantly different between two groups(all P>0.05). There was no perioperative death and serious complications in two groups. The difference was not statistically significant in operative time[(47.6±5.4) minutes vs. (48.9±6.3) minutes, t=0.238, P=1.024]. But TEP group was better than Lichtenstein group in terms of intraoperative blood loss [(7.53±2.31) ml vs. (11.41±4.49) ml, t=5.783, P=0.032], postoperative bedtime [(1.25±0.32) days vs. (2.83±0.52) days, t=5.294, P=0.041], postoperative hospital stay [(2.38±1.14) days vs. (3.46±1.81) days, t=5.482, P=0.037], and postoperative pain score (1.27±0.47 vs. 3.42±1.93, t=5.639, P=0.034). Follow-up was 12-16 months (median 10 months). In TEP and Lichtenstein group after operation, incision infection occurred in both 1 case, edema of the scrotum or labia minora developed in 2 patients and 3 cases respectively, chronic pain was found in one and 2 cases respectively. The patients were followed up for 5 to 16 months(median 10 months), and recurrences was observed in 1 case both in TEP group and Lichtenstein group respectively.

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic total extraperitoneal prosthetic is safe and effective in the treatment of inguinal hernia, which is better than Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy in fast recovery, less trauma and more comfort, and worthy of clinical promotion.

DNA double-strand break (DSB) is the most severe form of DNA damage, which is repaired mainly through high-fidelity homologous recombination (HR) or error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Defects in the DNA damage response lead to genomic instability and ultimately predispose organs to cancer. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), which is involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. In this report, we found that Nampt physically associated with CtIP and DNA-PKcs/Ku80, which are key factors in HR and NHEJ, respectively. Depletion of Nampt by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to defective NHEJ-mediated DSB repair and enhanced HR-mediated repair. Furthermore, the inhibition of Nampt expression promoted proliferation of cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts and decreased β-galactosidase staining, indicating a delay in the onset of cellular senescence in normal human fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that Nampt is a suppressor of HR-mediated DSB repair and an enhancer of NHEJ-mediated DSB repair, contributing to the acceleration of cellular senescence.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; metabolism ; Antigens, Nuclear ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cellular Senescence ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA End-Joining Repair ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; HeLa Cells ; Homologous Recombination ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Ku Autoantigen ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; beta-Galactosidase ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the associations between lifestyle factors and social network and cognitive impairment among the elderly in three communities in China.Methods From November 2017 to May 2018,1 200 elderly individuals were selected from three Chinese communities (Beijing,Hefei,and Lanzhou) using a random cluster sampling method.Data were collected on lifestyle,social network,and cognition.A conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associations between lifestyle and social network and cognitive impairment.Results A total 1 115 participants (92.9％) were administered both social network and cognition questionnaires.After adjustment by age,sex,education,marital status,health,and living status,only low participation in physical activity was found to be associated with cognitive impairment (OR=0.65,95％ CI=0.45-0.93,P=0.019).A larger social network (OR=0.50,95％ CI=0.29-0.85,P=0.010),especially more friends (0R=0.44,95％ CI=0.29-0.65,P＜0.001),may decrease the risk of cognitive impairment.The interactions between lifestyle factors and social network were not associated with cognitive impairment.Conclusion Our findings suggest that larger social networks and physical activity are associated with cognitive function among the elderly.Identification and intervention of risk factors are crucial in the delay and prevention of cognitive impairment and the improvement of quality of life among the elderly.

Objective:To analyze the natural history and outcomes of major neurological complications in spinal deformity correction surgery and to determine the risk factors for no neurological recovery.Methods:All of 7 851 patients with spinal deformity who underwent deformity correction from January 2000 to December 2017 were reviewed. Major neurological complication featured by complete or incomplete paralysis of single or both lower extremities was identified in 59 patients, including 28 males and 31 females with an average age of 25.0±16.3 (range 6 to 71 years old). Among these cases, 6 were adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 22 were congenital scoliosis, 10 were neuromuscular scoliosis, 5 were neurofibromatosis type 1, and 16 were other types. 5 patients had complete paraplegia of the lower limbs, 17 patients had incomplete paralysis of the lower limbs, and 37 patients had incomplete paraplegia of unilateral lower limb. Treatment included implant removal, debridement of hematoma, loosening the fixation and decompression by laminectomy for mechanical injury, as well as transfusion and press agent for ischemic injury. The neurological function was determined by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading system.Fisher exact test and univariate logistics regression were used to determine the association between clinical, surgical parameters and no recovery of neurological function. For the identified factors with P value<0.10, multiple logistics regression was used to determine the independent risk factor for no recovery. Results:The incidence of major neurological complications was 0.75%(59/7851). At final follow-up, 42 patients (71.2%) had complete recovery and 10 patients (16.9%) had partial recovery, and 44 cases (74.6%) had recovery within 6 months. There were 7 cases had no recovery, including 3 with type I neurofibromatosis(ASIA: 1 grade A, 2 grade C), 1 with Scheuermann's disease (ASIA: grade C), 1 with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital (ASIA: grade B), 1 with poliomyelitis related scoliosis (ASIA:grade C), and 1 with idiopathic scoliosis (ASIA: grade A). Fisher test showed the distribution of etiology was statistically different between recovery and no recovery groups. Univariate logistics regression showed diagnosis as NF-1 ( OR=18.750, P=0.005), Cobb angle of the main curve >90° ( OR=4.444, P=0.073), preoperative deficit ( OR=5.750, P=0.046) and complete neurological injury ( OR=6.533, P=0.067) were potential risk factors for no recovery. Multivariate logistics regression showed that diagnosis with NF-I ( OR=35.477, P=0.005) was the risk factor for no recovery. Conclusion:For patients who underwent deformity correction that develops major neurological complications after surgery, 88.1% of patients were able to recover during follow-up, and 71.2% of patients achieved complete recovery. The first 3-6 month is the time window for neurological recovery. Patients with type I neurofibromatosis is the risk factor for no recovery.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes and complication of posterior surgery for Scheuermann kyphosis fusing to different distal fusion levels.Methods:From January 2012 to December 2017, a consecutive cohort of 34 patients who were treated with posterior spinal instrumented correction and satisfied the inclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed, including 29 males and 5 females, aged 17.1±4.3 years (range, 12-30 years). All of the patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. According to the distal fusion level, patients were divided into 2 groups. Group sagittal stable vertebra (SSV) (22 cases) included patients whose lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) was SSV; Group SSV-1 (12 cases) included patients who had a LIV one level above the SSV. Radiographic parameters including global kyphosis (GK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were measured in the standing radiographs before and after operation and at the latest follow up. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22) were conducted at pre-operation and the final follow up to evaluate the clinical outcomes. The sagittal radiographic parameters and the incidence of distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, radiographic measurements and scores of SRS-22 between two groups preoperatively ( P>0.05). The correction rates of GK in the SSV group and the SSV-1 group were 42.8%±7.6% and 43.2%±8.4% ( t=0.151, P=0.881) respectively. While the correction rates loss were 1.2%±5.2% and 3.9%±7.2% ( t=0.767, P=0.449) at the latest follow up. No significant difference was observed in terms of other radiographic parameters ( P>0.05). During the postoperative follow up period, 3 patients (16.7%) in SSV group and 2 patients (13.6%) in SSV-1 group developed DJK. The incidence of DJK did not show any significant difference between two groups ( χ2=0.057, P=0.812). At the final follow-up, the function scores of SRS-22 in SSV-1 group (4.1±0.6) was significantly higher than SSV group (3.7±0.5) ( t=2.300, P=0.028) and there was no significant difference in the rest of the domain ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with stopping at SSV, fusion to SSV-1 could achieve comparable curve correction with the preservation of more lumbar motility. Moreover, it would not increase the risk of DJK. As a result, we recommend selecting SSV-1 as the ideal LIV for SK patients.