BACKGROUND:Stem cells are a kind of cells characterized as species diversity, self-replication and renewal
ability, multiple differentiation potential and high proliferation potential. Then, the stem celltreatment for ischemic brain injury would be of great benefit. Stem celltherapy provides a new way for the treatment of ischemic stroke, but the mechanism is stil unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To describe the types of stem cells and review the mechanism underlying stem celltreatment for ischemic stroke.
METHODS:The first author retrieved PubMed database, Chinese Journal Ful-text Database for articles related to stem cellclassification and effectiveness, safety and mechanism of stem celltherapy for ischemic stroke
published from January 1992 to September 2012. The key words were“stem cells, brain ischemic stroke,
transplantation, treatment”in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 168 literatures were retrieved, and 61 articles met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stem celltherapy for ischemic stroke has shown a promising prospect though it is staged in the period of animal models. Stem celltransplantation for promoting functional recovery in the treatment of stroke has been completed in the clinical phase I or phase II trials. Stem celltransplantation for ischemic stroke appears to have no adverse reactions and to promote functional recovery. Main difficulties in stem celltransplantation for treatment of ischemic stroke include sources of stem cells, transplantation approach, stem cellsurvival in the host body, stem cellintegration with the host brain, therapeutic effectiveness and security. Based on the acquired results from the mechanism research and clinical trials, how to safely and quickly apply the stem celltherapy from the experiments to the clinic stil needs to work.

Objective To analyze features of clinical manifestation, electrophysiology, imageology and molecular ge?netics of familial carpal tunnel syndrome (FCTS), especially research progress in genetics. Methods Clinical data, labo?ratory and electrophysiologyical results as well as medical images were collected from the propositus. In addition, genetic analysis around peripheral neuropathy was performed on the proband, son of the proband and the affected relatives in the family. Result Patients showed a typical bilateral CTS with early onset. The mode of inheritance in this family was auto?somal dominant.. Gene sequencing revealed point mutations in INF2, KIF1B, TRPV4 and SCN9A. Besides, the possibili?ty of having hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy(HNPP)or familial amyloidosis (FAP) was excluded by the molecular genetic studies. Conclusion Primary FCTS exists as a separate autonomic entity, which may be caused by other unknown genes and therefore warrants further exploration.

Objective To analysis the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of G196A, C270T, G11757C, G712A and haplotypes frequencies of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and Chinese Han population with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Methods The genotype and allele frequencies of BDNF G196A, C270T, G11757C and G712A were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology in 106 sAD patients and 110 healthy controls. The software SHEsis was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium and the haplotypes between the two groups. Results There were statistically differences in T allele frequeny of C270T (sAD vs control: 0.9% vs 4.5%) and A allele freguency of G712A (sAD vs control: 0.5% vs 4.5%) and in GG genotype frequeny of G712A (sAD vs control: 95.4% vs 91.8%) (all P

Objective To explore the influence of mild hypothermia therapy on expression of heat shock protein(HSP)60,HSP70,HSP90 in lymphocyte in patients with severe craniacerebral injury.Methods 23 patients with severe craniacerebral injury were randomly divided into the mild hypothermia group (12 cases) and the normothermia group(11 cases).At the base of routine therapy,the mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia therapy by the temperature control blanket to keep the body temperature among 32～34℃ for 4～6 d.The expression of HSP60,HSP70,HSP90 in lymphocyte were measured by Western Blot at the 1st d,4th d and 8th d after treatment.The infection incidence was observed at 7 d after treatment.And the expression of HSPs in lymphocyte at 32℃ and 37℃ in normal control group were measured respectively.Results Compared with normothermia group,the expression of HSP60 in mild hypothermia group was significantly lower at each time point(all P

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of diltiazem and felodipine in treatment of hypertension after renal transplantation.Methods Sixty patients with hypertension after renal transplantation who were treated with tacrolimus as basic immunosuppressive therapy were divided into two groups by random digits table method with 30 cases each.The diltiazem group took diltiazem 90 mg orally once a day.The felodipine group received felodipine 2.5 mg orally twice a day.The drug dosages were adjusted according to the level of blood pressure.The patients were followed up for 1 year.The artery pressure,concentration-to-dose ratio of tacrolimus and renal function was detected and compared.Results Blood pressure was significantly decreased in both groups after 1 year treatment.Blood pressure was found to be significantly lowered from (153.6± 7.5)/ (97.7 ±6.7) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) to (119.1 ± 26.4)/ (72.6± 19.3) mm Hgin felodipine group; and from (152.0 ± 7.6)/(95.4 ± 6.9) mm Hg to (120.3 ± 25.5)/(73.2 ± 22.5) mm Hg in diltiazem group.There was no significant difference in blood pressure before and after treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The concentration-to-dose ratio of tacrolimus was increased after treatment in diltiazem group[(173.2 ± 59.3) g/L vs.(119.3 ± 78.3) g/L] (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference before and after treatment in felodipine group (P ＞ 0.05).The serum creatinine had no significant difference in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Diltiazem and felodipine can be used safely and effectively in the treatment of hypertension after renal transplantation,and diltiazem can lower the dose of tacrolimus.

Objective To probe the feasibility of gemstone spectral CT in imaging pulmonary angiography with low dose contrast medium.Methods A prospective study with multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography was performed in consecutive 48 patients suspected with pulmonary embolism.Two groups (n=24 respectively)were divided at random including Group A used Gemstone spectral CT with 35 mL of contrast medium and Group B using 64-slice CT with conventional 80~90 mL of contrast medium.The CT values of the pulmonary trunk,lobe artery,pulmonary vein and ascending aorta were measured.The contrast to noise ratio of the pulmonary artery was also calculated.In addition,the image quality of CTA was evaluated independently by two experienced ra-diologists.Results The CT values of the pulmonary trunk and the subsegmental branches,and the CNR in Group A were signifi-cantly higher than those in group B,exhibiting statistical differences (t=8.6,P <0.001;t=12.2,P <0.001;t=1 1.3,P <0.001 respectively).However,the CT value of aorta in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (t=-7.6,P <0.001).The evaluation results of the CTA images by two radiologists showed that the image quality in Group A was better than that in Group B (Z =-8.6,P <0.001;Z =-9.0,P <0.001 ).Conclusion The image quality of pulmonary angiography with gemstone spectral CT using low contrast medium dose can be improved compared with the conventional spiral CT.

Objective To establish the extraction process of Zhechong Chuangyu Capsule. Methods The difference of analgesic effect of water extraction and alcohol extraction in mice was observed by body-torsion test to determine the extract solvent. With the rate of aqueous extraction, n-butyl alcohol extraction and asperosaponin Ⅵ as evaluating indicator, the influencing factors including solvent volume, time and times of extraction were investegated to evaluate extracting procedure by orthogonal experiment. Results There was no obvious difference in analgesic effect between water extraction and alcohol extraction. Given the requirement of produce, aqueous extraction was a better choice. The optimum extracting condition was extracted 3 times with 20 folds volume of solvent, and extraction time was 150 minutes. Conclusion The extraction process is feasible to be applied into production.

Objective To explore the tumor markers for the diagnosis of primary liver carcinomas (PLC) by detecting the serum protein spectrum differently expressed between PLC patients and healthy controls. Methods We detected the serum protein spectrum in 50 PLC patients and 50 healthy controls using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technique and find the significant protein peaks. The serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in all 100 serum samples were also measured by ELISA. Results The protein peaks, which could discriminate healthy individuals from PLC patients, were detected. Four protein molecules (3354.71, 8825.80, 4345.08, 13 715.01) had a significant difference between PLC patients and the normal controls (P <10-5), indicating that these protein molecules might be a potential marker for PLC. The specificity and sensitivity of SELDI-TOF-MS were 94% and 90% respectively. Sixteen PLC patients were AFP positive and the sensitivity was 54%(27/50). Conclusion With a high specificity and sensitivity, the detection of serum protein spectrum can be performed easily and quickly by SELDI-TOF-MS technique, which provides a serological way in identifying PLC and most likely to benefit from AFP strategies.

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness,safety,cost-effectiveness of Targeting Gene Therapy with conventional therapy on patients with Essential Hypertension by metoprolol.Methods 300 cases of patients with Essential Hypertension were included.165 cases were chosen and assigned to conventional therapy group(Group A)at random.The subjects of Group A were administrated with metoprolol for 100 mg,twice per day.Polymorphism of CYP2D6 and ?1 adenoreceptor gene of the remain 135 subjects were detected,133 cases with of ?1-AR gene carrying Arg 389 allele were devided into three groups according to CYP2D6 genetype:the poor metabolism group(PM,43 cases),intermediate metabolism group(IM,54 cases)and extensive metabolism group(EM,36 cases).The subjects of PM,IM and EM were administrated with metoprolol for 25,100,200 mg/d respectively,twice per day.Blood pressures and side effects were observed during 8-week following-up.The health economic evaluation on Gene Targeting Therapy was determined by using the cost-effectiveness analysis.Results Total effective rate in Group PM,IM or EM were obviously higher than that in Group A(P

Chinese materia medica (CMM) plays an important role both in the disease prevention and therapy system and also in natural drug screening. Biotechnology exhibits applicable prospects in modern research of CMM with progress of natural science and technologies. Amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplification polymorphism of DNA (RAPD), and microsatellite DNA have been used to discriminate and breed herbal varieties. Genetic transformation and techniques of tissue and cell culture are explored to protect herbal resouces and to produce active components or parts on a commercial scale. High throughput technologies of proteome and biochip are expected to probe molecular targets and routes of CMM with the changes of proteome and gene expression. The results can be helpful to novel drug development and secondary exploitation, so as to promote the modernization process of CMM.