BACKGROUND:Stem cells are a kind of cells characterized as species diversity, self-replication and renewal
ability, multiple differentiation potential and high proliferation potential. Then, the stem celltreatment for ischemic brain injury would be of great benefit. Stem celltherapy provides a new way for the treatment of ischemic stroke, but the mechanism is stil unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To describe the types of stem cells and review the mechanism underlying stem celltreatment for ischemic stroke.
METHODS:The first author retrieved PubMed database, Chinese Journal Ful-text Database for articles related to stem cellclassification and effectiveness, safety and mechanism of stem celltherapy for ischemic stroke
published from January 1992 to September 2012. The key words were“stem cells, brain ischemic stroke,
transplantation, treatment”in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 168 literatures were retrieved, and 61 articles met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stem celltherapy for ischemic stroke has shown a promising prospect though it is staged in the period of animal models. Stem celltransplantation for promoting functional recovery in the treatment of stroke has been completed in the clinical phase I or phase II trials. Stem celltransplantation for ischemic stroke appears to have no adverse reactions and to promote functional recovery. Main difficulties in stem celltransplantation for treatment of ischemic stroke include sources of stem cells, transplantation approach, stem cellsurvival in the host body, stem cellintegration with the host brain, therapeutic effectiveness and security. Based on the acquired results from the mechanism research and clinical trials, how to safely and quickly apply the stem celltherapy from the experiments to the clinic stil needs to work.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of diltiazem and felodipine in treatment of hypertension after renal transplantation.Methods Sixty patients with hypertension after renal transplantation who were treated with tacrolimus as basic immunosuppressive therapy were divided into two groups by random digits table method with 30 cases each.The diltiazem group took diltiazem 90 mg orally once a day.The felodipine group received felodipine 2.5 mg orally twice a day.The drug dosages were adjusted according to the level of blood pressure.The patients were followed up for 1 year.The artery pressure,concentration-to-dose ratio of tacrolimus and renal function was detected and compared.Results Blood pressure was significantly decreased in both groups after 1 year treatment.Blood pressure was found to be significantly lowered from (153.6± 7.5)/ (97.7 ±6.7) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) to (119.1 ± 26.4)/ (72.6± 19.3) mm Hgin felodipine group; and from (152.0 ± 7.6)/(95.4 ± 6.9) mm Hg to (120.3 ± 25.5)/(73.2 ± 22.5) mm Hg in diltiazem group.There was no significant difference in blood pressure before and after treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The concentration-to-dose ratio of tacrolimus was increased after treatment in diltiazem group[(173.2 ± 59.3) g/L vs.(119.3 ± 78.3) g/L] (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference before and after treatment in felodipine group (P ＞ 0.05).The serum creatinine had no significant difference in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Diltiazem and felodipine can be used safely and effectively in the treatment of hypertension after renal transplantation,and diltiazem can lower the dose of tacrolimus.

Objective To analyze features of clinical manifestation, electrophysiology, imageology and molecular ge?netics of familial carpal tunnel syndrome (FCTS), especially research progress in genetics. Methods Clinical data, labo?ratory and electrophysiologyical results as well as medical images were collected from the propositus. In addition, genetic analysis around peripheral neuropathy was performed on the proband, son of the proband and the affected relatives in the family. Result Patients showed a typical bilateral CTS with early onset. The mode of inheritance in this family was auto?somal dominant.. Gene sequencing revealed point mutations in INF2, KIF1B, TRPV4 and SCN9A. Besides, the possibili?ty of having hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy(HNPP)or familial amyloidosis (FAP) was excluded by the molecular genetic studies. Conclusion Primary FCTS exists as a separate autonomic entity, which may be caused by other unknown genes and therefore warrants further exploration.

Objective To analysis the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of G196A, C270T, G11757C, G712A and haplotypes frequencies of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and Chinese Han population with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Methods The genotype and allele frequencies of BDNF G196A, C270T, G11757C and G712A were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology in 106 sAD patients and 110 healthy controls. The software SHEsis was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium and the haplotypes between the two groups. Results There were statistically differences in T allele frequeny of C270T (sAD vs control: 0.9% vs 4.5%) and A allele freguency of G712A (sAD vs control: 0.5% vs 4.5%) and in GG genotype frequeny of G712A (sAD vs control: 95.4% vs 91.8%) (all P

Objective To explore the influence of mild hypothermia therapy on expression of heat shock protein(HSP)60,HSP70,HSP90 in lymphocyte in patients with severe craniacerebral injury.Methods 23 patients with severe craniacerebral injury were randomly divided into the mild hypothermia group (12 cases) and the normothermia group(11 cases).At the base of routine therapy,the mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia therapy by the temperature control blanket to keep the body temperature among 32～34℃ for 4～6 d.The expression of HSP60,HSP70,HSP90 in lymphocyte were measured by Western Blot at the 1st d,4th d and 8th d after treatment.The infection incidence was observed at 7 d after treatment.And the expression of HSPs in lymphocyte at 32℃ and 37℃ in normal control group were measured respectively.Results Compared with normothermia group,the expression of HSP60 in mild hypothermia group was significantly lower at each time point(all P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a low-dose contrast medium protocol for 64-slice CT angiography (CTA) of head using a low-tube-voltage setting.Methods ① Phantom study:64-slice spiral CT respectively sets 80,100,120,140 kV and 100,200,300,400,500 and 600 mA as scanning parameter lines.Analysis of the best Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and contrast to noise ratios (CNR).②Clinical study:to prospectively continuous select sixty-six patients with suspected intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation and so on from April to October of 2012 to perform hand CTA inspection.The random number table method for A,B two groups,33 patients in each group.Group A (conventional group)scanning parameters:120 kV,400 mA and amount of contrast agent:1 ml/kg; Group B(test group) scanning parameters:80 kV,600 mA,amount of contrast agent 0.5 ml/kg.Using independent samples t test for each group radiation dose,SNR,CNR were statistically analyzed.By two experienced radiologists to 5 points on two groups of image quality subjective evaluation.Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of subjective evaluation.Results Group A and B group CTDIvol respectively is 59.1,27.5 mGy.Group B than in group A,CTDIvol decreased by 53.5％.A,B groups of the SNR,CNR were 71.5 ± 10.7,92.0 ± 7.4; 58.5 ± 10.5,79.6 ± 7.7,Group B than in group A SNR,CNR were enhanced by 22.3％,26.4％,differences were statistics significance (t =584.0,388.6,P ＜ 0.01).The subjective image evaluation of group B was bigher than group A (Z =31.2,23.4,P ＜ 0.05),differences were statistics significance.Two physicians on CTA images to assess the consistency of uniform height(Kappa =0.904,P ＜0.05).Conclusion In the head CTA examination,use of low tube voltage combined with low contrast dose not only can improve the image quality but also radiation dose were significantly lower.

Objective To describe the clinical features of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in popular period and other period.Methods All the HFRS patients from epidemic areas in Xi' an were surveyed retrospectively.The sociodemographic data,symptom characteristics and laboratory test results were collected.Chi-square test,rank test were used to analyze the data.Results Totally 429 HFRS cases were recruited including 280 male (65.3％) and the male/female ratio was 1.9 ∶ 1.Adults with 16-60 years of age were the main group,which accounted for 74.8％ of the total cases.The constituent ratios of cases with 16-60 years of age in popular period and other period were 76.1％ (245/322) and 71.0％ (76/107),respectively; the sex ratios were 1.93∶1 and 1.74∶1,respectively; the time from fever onset to hospitalization was 3 d and 4 d,respectively; the time of hospitalization was both 10 d; the proportions of emergency cases were 59.8％ (189/316) and 67.6％ (71/105),respectively; the proportions of cured cases were 56.4％ (181/321) and 43.4％ (46/106),respectively.The clinical features were not significantly different between popular period and other period (all P＞0.05).The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody positive rate was 85.4％ (315/369) and those in popular period and other period were 88.4％ (251/ 284) and 75.3％ (64/85),respectively (x2 =8.968,P＜0.01).There was a positive correlation between symptom severity and outcome of discharge (x2=18.558,P＜ 0.01),the more slight symptoms were related with the better outcome.Conclusion The clinical features are similar in cases from popular period and other period from Jan 2008 to Jun 2011.

Adeno-associated virus is a kind of DNA defective parvovirus which is non-pathogenic. Recombinant-adeno-associated virus vector comes from wild-type non-pathogenic adeno-associated virus and is highly secure, and it also has the advantages of broad host range. Recombinant-adeno-associated virus vector has become a hot spot for gene therapy and is widely used in gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases, especially for hypertension, heart failure, arteriosclerosis, and myocardial infarction.

Objective To understand the relationship among junior college students' anxious status in testing and studying behaviors and studying result. Methods TAS anxiety scale was used for the evaluation of anxious status, and data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Statistical significance was observed among different specialties. Sex, socioeconomic status and living environment did not affect TAS score. The higher the anxious status was, the worse the studying results will be. The anxious status was associated with some studying behaviors. Conclusions Anxiety was correlated with specialities and studying behaviors, and affected studying result.

Objective To describe the vaccine inoculation rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the movement characteristics of rural population in the Xi'an epidemic area.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.The study covered all the four HFRS traditional high incidence areas (counties):Zhouzhi,Huxian,Chang'an and Lintong.Three villages were selected in each county and 20 households were selected in each village in 2013.Participants included all the persons of these families.People 16-60 years old were interviewed face to face about their sociodemographic and environmental information,and at the same time related HFRS vaccine history and characters of migrant workers were collected.Results Nine hundred and ninety-six persons were investigated,69.3 percent (690/996) were vaccinate-age population.Of all,49.0 percent (338/690) had HFRS vaccine history and 53.9 percent (372/690) had worked away from home most of the year.The inoculation proportion of workers which worked in their own counties (56.8％,67/118) were higher than that of workers worked outside (37.0％,60/162;39.1％,36/92,x2 =10.74,6.44,all P ＜ 0.017).In the workers that went back home every week,60.3 percent (76/126) had vaccinated.Workers that went back home once a year had the lowest proportion of inoculation (16.7％,7/42).The morbidity of HFRS decreased significantly accompany with ascend of inoculation rate (Y =-0.524X + 38.319,t =-4.581,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After the free vaccinations,there is still a gap between the vaccine inoculation rate and prevention benefit.The current vaccination strategies need to be adjusted.