Objective To review the relationship between T helper cell 1/T helper cell 2 (Th1/Th2) shift and tumor recurrence. Methods Literatures on Th1/Th2 shift and tumor recurrence were collected and reviewed. Results Th1/Th2 shift can be detected in the host after therapy of the tumor. Tumor cells escape from host immune surveillance by altering Th1/Th2, which could lead to tumor recurrence. Conclusion Th1/Th2 shift is related to tumor recurrence after therapy. Impelling the reverse of Th2 to Th1 and renewing the balance of T helper cells come out to be a new way for tumor therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on learning and memory function of adult rats after injection of ketamine at early development stage. Methods Twelve rats born in a week were randomly divided into ketamine anesthesia group(Ket group)and normal saline control group(Ns group).Rats in Ket group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg ketamine,and those in Ns group were administrated with same amount of normal saline.After eight weeks,Morris water maze test was adopted to explore the latency in place navigation and spatial probe ability.The sections of hippocampus were obtained,and immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the expression of Bax and Bcl-2.Results In Morris water maze test,the latency in place navigation of Ket group Was significantly longer than that of Ns group(P<0.05),and the spatial probe ability significantly decreased(P<0.05).It Was revealed by immunohistochemical staining that the expression of Bax in Ket group was significantly higher than that in Ns group,while there was no significant difference in the expression of Bcl-2 between these two groups. Conclusion Application of ketamine in neonatal rats may result in learning and memory impairment in adulthood,and the underlying mechanism may correlate to the apoptosis of neuron in hippocampus region.

Objective To observe the influence of ginsenoside Rb3(GSRb3) on ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain tissue of rats with injury of hypoxia.Methods 20 rats were randomly divided into A, B, C, D and E group. The models of cerebral anoxia in group A and C were made by hypopiesia and hypoxia, and the models of hypoxia-reoxgenation were made in group B and D. 24 h and 1 h before establishment of models, ginsenoside Rb3 was injected peritoneally in rats of group C and D, respectively. The number and form of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus CA1 area of rats after brain hypoxia-reoxgenation were investigated with immunohistochemistry.Results (1)Compared with group E, GABA-like immunoreactive neuron density in CA1 area of group A and B decreased, presented with light staining and absence of prominency. GABA-like immunoreactive neuron density in CA1 area in group C and D was significantly higher than that in group A and B, but the shape was similar to group E. (2) The number of GABA-like immunoreactive neuron in CA1 area was 7.7?2.83 (group A), 10.1?2.08 (group B), 30.9?2.02 (group C), 33.1?4.2 (group D) and 16.9?1.05 (group E), respectively. The numbers were lower in group A and B than in group E, however higher in group C and D than in group E(all P

Objective CRT has gained acceptance as a useful form of device therapy for patients with refractory congestive heart failure. Despite recent technical advances, some problem still remained unsolved. The study highlighted some of these issues and try to provide possible solutions. Methods Since February 1999, about 50 patients underwent CRT. The CS lead was implanted with PTCA wire for dislodgment of lead in 3 patients. Injury of CS was present in 5 patients. Elevation in left ventricular pacing threshold was found in 2 patients who received early CRT. Results The patients who implanted the CS lead with PTCA wire acquired satisfactory capture threshold without any complication. Pace makers were implanted successfully in all 5 patients with CS injury The CS leads were extracted successfully from the 2 patients with elevated ventricular pacing threstold. Conclusion Implantation of the CS lead is a main step in the operation of CRT and prompt management to its related problems can enhance the operation success rate.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis complicated by stricture and dilation of the pancreatic duct. Methods The clinical data of 27 patients of chronic pancreatitis with stricture and dilation of the pancreatic duct undergoing operation in our hospital from 1990 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 27 patients, the positive diagnosis rate was 89% by B-US, 100% by CT, 100% by MRCP, 100% by ERCP. All patients received surgical operation, 12 patients received Partington procedure, 3 distal pancreatectomy, 4 pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, 4 Beger procedure, 2 Frey procedure, 2 pancreatic cystojejunostmy. The complication rate was 11%. Postoperatively 89%(24/27) patients achieved pain relief,78%(18/23) gained in body weight, and diabetes significantly relieved in 5 cases(33%). Conclusion Appropriate diagnosis and treatment are very important for improving the patients′ life quality and natural history of chronic pancreatitis with stricture and dilation of the pancreatic duct.

Objective To summarize the experience in one case of adult-to-adult combined liver-kidney transplantation.Method In Sep.2007,one case of adult-to-adult liver-kidney transplantation from the same living donor was performed on a patient with liver cirrhosis (liver failure decompensation) and chronic renal failure (uremia).There was a donation of the right liver with the middle hepatic vein and right kidney in the same time from the living donor.The piggyback liver transplantation and ectopic kidney transplantation were performed for the recipient.Basiliximab and methylprednisolone were given for immune induction therapy in operation.Tacrolimus,MMF and prednisone were given for anti-rejection.There were hepatoprotective treatment,anti-infection treatment and nutritional support for the donor and recipient after operation.The follow-up period has now been more than five years.Result The donor and the patient were smooth in the perioperative period.The liver and kidney function of the donor is well so far.There was no significant influence on quality of life of the donor.The transplanted liver and kidney function of the recipient is well so far.There were no significant complications for the recipient.Conclusion The living liver-kidney transplantation is an effective means for the treatment of liver and kidney failure.The safety can be ensured for the donors that donate the right liver and one kidney simultaneously.

BACKGROUND:The anesthesia process is required strict in establishing rabbit models of ileal neobladder. It is required for cleaning operation field, quick postoperative recovery, and the choice of anesthetics and anesthesia does not influence smooth muscle peristalsis. OBJECTIVE:To compare the anesthetic effects between urethane and chloral hydrate in rabbits with ileal neobladder. METHODS:Eighteen rabbits were randomly assigned to urethane and chloral hydrate groups, and were respectively anesthetized with 20% urethane 5 mL/kg and 10% chloral hydrate 2 mL/kg through the ear vein. Double ureter was dissociated at 1 cm outside original bladder, and 15 cm-intestine obtained from 10 cm of ileocecal junction was implanted so as to establish models of ileal neobladder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Heart rates were significantly lower compared with these before anesthesia in al cases (P≤ 0.05), but no differences were detected between two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the chloral hydrate group, the maintain time and recovery time were longer and the mortality rate was higher in the urethane group. Above data indicated that chloral hydrate is a safe long-acting anesthetic in establishing rabbit models of ileal neobladder.

Objective:To follow up the hepatitis B recurrence post liver transplantation using the combination of lamivu dine and high-dose intravenous/intramuscular hepatitis B immunoglobulin.Methods:Fifty-two consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation were included in this analysis.All patients were administered lamivudine combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin intravenous(V group)or intramuscular(M group)injection prophylaxis.Dosages of hepatitis B immunoglobulin were 4 000 U during anhepatic phase,2 000 U/d during the first six days after operation,2 000 U/week at 2-4 weeks after operation and 2 000 U/month at 2-6 months after operation.The dosages of hepatitis B immunoglobulin were decided by blood concentrations at 6 months after transplantation in both groups(HBsAb titer≥200 U/L during the 6-12 months after operation;100-200 U/L one year after operation).The negative-conversion rates of serum HBsAg,serum HBsAb levels and hepatitis B recurrence rate at the 6th month,1 year after transplantation and at the end of this study were investigated.Results:The daily average negative-conversion rate of serum HBsAg was significantly faster in V group than that of M group within the first 4 postoperative days(P ＜ 0.05).The 100% of serum HBsAg negative-conversion rate was obtained in two groups after one week of operation.No recurrence was found in two groups.And the ease of death was independent on HBV recurrent during the follow-up.Conclusion:Lamivudine combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin intravenous/intramuscular injection prophylaxis was effective protocol for the hepatitis B recurrence after the liver transplantation.

To enhance the capacity for extending and applying appropriate health technologies in rural areas in China,this paper proposes a supportive policy system that incoperates macro,average and microlevels. Thepolicysystemfocusesonorientation, incentives, regulationsand standardization,and its objectives and measures of each level are described.The policy system will contribute to the sustainable development rural health work.

Objective To observe the expression of novel URB gene in the differentiation display of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and pioglitazone (PIO) on URB mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at different times. Method The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with IL-6 and PIO under different concentration and different time phase, and real-time fluorescence monitoring RT-PCR was conducted to measure the URB mRNA level. Fat droplets were verified by oil red O staining. Results 1. URB mRNA level was increased gradually in the whole differentiation process. 2. The expression levels of URB mRNA was decreased along with the treatment of IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. 3. PIO increased the level of URB mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the reducing effect of IL-6 on URB mRNA could be corrected by PIO. Conclusion URB may be an important adipocytokin which affects energy metabolism and may work as a pharmacological gene target in the future.