ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to investigate functional connectivity of 16-channel electroencephalograph(EEG) in δ frequency band based on Granger causality analysis.MethodsThe experimental data was recorded at a sampling rate of 200 Hz from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients(6 left and 3 right TLE,and 9 normals as control group.Ten of EEG segments of 20 s length for three different states:epileptiform discharges (ED) state in interictal durations,non-ED state for TLE patients,and control state for the normal.The δ band components (1～4 Hz) were filtered from EEGs.The functional connection values Iδ between two EEG δ components were calculated separately by Granger causality analysis.The two EEG components were from inferoposterior temporal lobe (left:T5,right:T6) to frontal lobe (Fp1,Fp2,F3,F4,and parietal lobe (C3,C4) for three states.ResultsThe Iδ values for ED state was 0.1323±0.0329～0.1670±0.028 9,which was significantly higher than that of non-ED state (0.0300±0.0130～0.0420±0.0072) (P＜0.05).The Iδ values for the control group (0.0153±0.0028～0.0193±0.0057) was much lower than that of ED state (P＜0.01),and no obvious distinctions were observed compared with non-ED state at P=0.05 level.ConclusionThere is a stronger connection of EEG' s δ bands from the inferoposterior temporal lobe to frontal and parietal lobe for the ED state,and the over-discharges transmission is from inferoposterior temporal lobe to other brain regions.There is a weaker connection from the top temporal lobe to frontal and parietal lobe for non-ED state and control group,and the onset zones is not inferoposterior temporal lobe.

The work of hospital management and evaluation began in 1991 in Shangtung.Up till 1995,the first phase has basically ended.From the three years of hospital evaluation,we find the prob- lems of superficial understanding of evaluation rules,hasty preparation of materials,etc.To solve the- seproblems,relevant documents must be well studied and hurried work avoided.Key points must be grasped with the guiding principle kept in mind.Defunct ideas must be scrapped with new ideas put into practice.A scientific evaluation is to render the evaluation conclusions authoritative and viable.Super- vision must be tightened.The point for evaluation is quality to.solve the problems of quality control and the monitoring of case history and illness specification.

Objective To determine the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic intravenous ibuprofen compared to placebo/no intervention on the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) in preterm infants.Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCT) or quasi-RCT comparing prophylactic intravenous ibuprofen versus placebo/no treatment for prevention of PDA in preterm infants were enrolled. The standard search strategy included electronic search and manual search. Electronic search was carried out in databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect, EMBASE, OVID, Cochrane Library, VIP Chinese Periodical Database and Chinese Digital Hospital Library (www. chkd. cnki. net) without language restriction. As a supplementation,references in previous reviews and studies identified as relevant had been examined by manual search. RevMan 5.0. 21 was used in the statistical analysis. Effects were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous data while risk ratio (RR) and 95%CI for categorical data.Results Four studies qualified for this meta-analysis including three graded 4 and one graded 3 with Jadad scale. Prophylactic use of ibuprofen significantly decreased the incidence of PDA on day three (RR=0. 40,95 % CI: 0. 31-0. 51, P＜0.01 ), the need for rescue treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (RR = 0. 18,95 % CI:0. 07-0. 45, P = 0. 0003) and the need for surgical ligation (RR = 0. 34,95 % CI: 0. 14-0. 81, P =0. 02) in the prophylactic group. No significant difference of pulmonary, cerebral, gastrointestinal, and renal complications were found between the prophylactic and control groups. Conclusions Prophylactic intravenous ibuprofen significantly reduces the risk of PDA on day three, decreases the need for rescue treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and surgical ligation without significant pulmonary, cerebral,gastrointestinal, and renal complications were seen in the prophylactic group. Due to the limits of evidences to date, prophylactic ibuprofen intravenously for prevention of PDA in preterm infants is not recommended.

Objective To investigate the quantity and species distribution of diatoms in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area of Shanghai and provide references for the invesitigation of water body in forensic practice. Methods The water samples collected from 15 areas in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area in September 2012 were examined by microscope to identify the species of diatoms. Results Cyclotella and Pinnularia were found to be the dominant species within the 12 species of diatoms in Chuanyang River, which showed differences in species among the sections of Huangpu River, the center and the East China Sea. Conclusion The differences in subsectional distribution of diatom species in Chuanyang River may provide a new foundation for forensic identification in drowning cases especially in the deter-mination of falling location.

Objective To investigate the relationship between lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP) in serum and degree of hepatic inflammation. Methods The levels of LBP in serum of 99 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) were detected by ELISA. The levels of LBP in 33 of all patients with chronic severe viral hepatitis were further detected 2～4 weeks after treatment. Results The serum levels of LBP in patients with chronic viral hepatitis were higher than that in normal patients [(79.62?45.52) ng/ml vs (50.22?31.44) ng/ml, P=0.001]. The serum levels of LBP in patients with chronic severe viral hepatitis were significantly higher than that in patients with moderate degree CVH group, severe degree CVH group, and normal group (P

Objective To evaluate the changes of platelet activity before and after anti-platelet treatment in pa?tients with coronary heart disease, and their responsiveness to clopidogrel through detecting the phosphorylation levels of va?sodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Methods Twenty-eight cases of healthy people were selected as control group . Patients with chronic stable angina pectoris (CSA, n=95) were randomly divided into A (48 cases) group and B (47 cases) group,and were given clopidogrel 75 mg/d or 150 mg/d respectively;Patients with non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NST-ACS, n=67) were all given 300 mg loading dose of clopidogrel at the first time, then randomly divid?ed into C (33 cases) group and D (34 cases) group, and given clopidogrel 75 mg/d and 150 mg/d respectively. Blood were tak?en to examine the phosphorylation levels of serum VASP by ELISA before taking clopidogrel, at time point of loading dose and the fifth day of clopidogrel administration . Results Before treatment, phosphorylation levels of serum VASP were low?er in A, B, C, D groups than those in the normal control group(P<0.05). After treatment of clopidogrel for 5 days: ① In group A and group B ,phosphorylation levels of serum VASP did not change compared to that before treatment (P>0.05).②In group C and group D, phosphorylation levels of serum VASP were significantly increased at loading dose and the fifth day of clopidogrel administration than those before treatment (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in phosphory?lation level of VASP was lower group between group C and group D after serum treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusion The phosphorylation level of serum VASP was lower in patients with coronary heart disease than that in normal control group. Clopidogrel can improve the phosphorylation level of serum VASP in NST-ACS patients .

Objective To identify the anatomical basis for aging orbit-malar fold forming orbitmalar groove and its underlying mechanism.Methods Thirteen cadavers (26 hemifaces) were dissected in this study (9 male and 4 female heads).All specimens were fixed in 10％ formalin,with age ranges from 22 to 78 years.The lateral orbital region was dissected in layers by mieroinsrument using 10 X loupe magnification,especially at the palpebral and the lateral orbital part,and then the anatomy layer was described; the lateral orbital thickening (LOT) was performed carefully to evaluate whether there were multiple anatomical contributions to anatomy.Anatomic observations were systematically recorded,sketched,and photographically documented.Results The lateral orbital layers included skin,subcutaneous adipose tissue,orbicularis oculi muscle,middle temporal fascia,and periosteum.The lateral orbital thickening was a triangular condensation of fascia,which extended over the lateral orbital rim onto the adjacent medial tem~ral fascia,the lateral orbital thickening was measured (9.28 ±0.45) mm in transverse width from Vertex triangle to lateral canchal,the inner part of the LOT sanwiched between orbibularis and obital septum,which consisted of upper lid and lower lid part,the lower lid part presented transverse V shape,the top part of the transverse V was adhesive to fascial tissue over tarsal plate.The distance to lateral canthus angular was 21.69-37.21 mm,and the under part was adhesive to low orbital rim the low arm distance to lateral canthus angular was (13.55 ±0.52) mm.Vertex of.V to lateral canthus angular vertical distance was (11.35±0.27) mm.Conclusions The reason why aging orbit-malar fold forms orbital-malar groove is the atrophy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the middle temporal fascia fat.

Objective To investigate the change and significance of T follicular helper cells(Tfh) in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods The percentage of CD4+ CXCR5+ICOS+ Tfh cells and the expression of activation marker CD69 on the Tfh cells of peripheral blood from 60 SLE patients (30 in active and 30 in inactive) and 30 healthy subjects (control group) were determined by flow cytometry.The correlations between the percentage of Tfh cells of SLE patients and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI),anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titers and the levels of complement 3 (C3),complement 4 (C4) were analyzed.ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The percentage of the Tfh cells in the peripheral blood of active SLE patients was higher than inactive patients and healthy controls [(0.80±0.17)％ vs (0.63±0.13)％ vs (0.57±0.08)％; P＜0.01],there was also statistical significance between inactive patients and healthy controls (P＜0.05).The expression of CD69 on the Tfh cells in the peripheral blood of active SLE patients was higher than that in inactive and healthy controls [(7.3±1.6)％ vs (5.9±1.3)％ vs (5.2±0.9)％; P＜0.01].There was no statistical significant difference between inactive patients and healthy controls (P＞0.05).The percentage of Tfh cells of SLE patients was significantly related with SLEDAI (r=0.680,P＜0.01) and C3 levels (r=-0.416,P＜0.05),butthere was no correlation between that and the ANA titer,C4 levels (r=-0.042,-0.204,P＞0.05).Conclusion Increased percentage and activity of the Tfh cells in the peripheral blood of patients might contribute to the pathogenesis and development of SLE.

ObjectiveTo investigate the profile of Th17/Treg balance in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThirty-two SLE patients in active disease were selected and 30 SLE patients in remission were included in this study.The control group was consisted of 25healthy individuals.The expressions of IL-17 and FoxP3 on CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood were assessed by flow cytometry and the mRNA levels of these two cytokines were examined by quantitative PCR respectively.ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe percentage of CD4+IL-17+ T cells and IL-17mRNA expression of the active group were significantly higher than those of the remission group and control group[(l.0l±0.22)％,(2.04±0.63)vs (0.48±0.16)％,(1.12±0.34) vs (0.41±0.12)％,1; P＜0.01].There was no difference between the remission group and control group(P＞0.05).However,the percentage of CI4+FoxP3 + T cells and FoxP3 mRNA expression of the active group were significantly lower than those of the remission group and control group [(2.36±t0.54)％,(0.42±0.16) vs (4.34±0.95)％,(0.87±t0.28) vs (5.09±11.17)％,1; P＜0.01 ],and there was also significant differencesbetween the remission group and control group(P＜0.05).ConclusionThl7/Treg balance shift may exist in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE and the degree of imbalance may be related to disease activity of SLE.

Objective To study the immunoregulatory effects of thalidomide on the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods MTr was used to detect the effects of different thalidomide concentrations on the proliferation of T-cells.Flow eytometry was used to analyze T-cells early apoptosis and the T-cells subsets in different concentration of thalidomide.The mRNA expression of IL-6,IL- 10 and TNF-α was measured by RT-PCR method.Results The level of thalidomide at 500 μg/ml inhibited the proliferation of T-ceils and the CD3+CD28+ expression of T-cell subsets,but promoted the early apoptosis and the CD8+CD152+ expression of T-cell subsets.Thalidomine at any concentration could inhibit the mRNA expression of IL-6,TNF-α.However,the level of thalidomide that could promote the mRNA expression of IL- 10 was 100 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml.Conclusion Thalidomide can inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the expression of CD3+CD28+ on T-cell subsets.It can promote the early apoptosis and the CD8+CD152+ expression of T-cell subsets.Thalidomide inhibits the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α but promote the mRNA expression of IL-10.Thalidomide has immuno-regulatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis T-cells.