Objective To evaluate the effect of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with the single channel double sets of catheter sheath method in the management of complicated ureteric calculus. Methods The clinical data of forty-eight cases with complicated ureteric calculus were retrospectively investigated. Among them, 18 cases with ipsilateral kidney calculus, 1 case with repeat renal deformity, within the ureteral calculus in upper kidney. Results 48 patients smoothly under ulime from ultrasound guided puncture percutaneous renal channel is established successfully, The establishing the channel to setting the double sheath to the ureteropelvic junction was (18.0 ± 5.0) min, the operation time was (59.0 ± 6.0) min, the stone free rate was 96.6% and no significant complications, such as septic shock, intraoperative or postoperative bleeding and damage to surrounding organs, were detected. The patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months, the degree of hydronephrosis significantly reduced and no ureteral stricture were developed during the period. Conclusion The percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with the single channel double sets of catheter sheath method is safe and effective for complicated ureteral calculus.

Chikungunya virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; China ; Genome, Viral ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

OBJECTIVETo observe the origins and insertions of Pitanguy ligament,in order to find the anatomically theoretical basis for the treatment of nasal deformity such as drooping nose, short columella, gingival show.

METHODS15 cadaveric heads fixed by 10% formalin were used. 12 specimens underwent nasal anatomic study. The skin was incised, along the nasal midline to expose the Pitanguy ligament. The origin of Pitanguy ligament and its relationship with surrounding tissue were studied. Then the Pitanguy ligament was taken out for HE staining. Longitudinal section along the ligament was observed. 3 specimens underwent harvesting of full-thickness nasal tissue from skin to periosteal membrane. Then the samples were used for HE staining to show histologic study of ligament at horizontal section.

RESULTSPitanguy ligament originates in the midline of lower third of the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system, extends down to the tip along the midline of the nasal dorsum and then turns backwards at the nasal tip, and runs between the medial crura of the lower lateral cartilages, inserts into the base of columella. Its muscle is connected with the orbicularis oris muscle and the depressor septi nasi muscle. HE staining showed the ligament consists of fibrous connective tissue, muscle tissue and other ingredients, but without cartilage.

CONCLUSIONSPitanguy ligament exists with complex histological composition, so its name is still controversial. Because it has multiple connection with the orbicularis oris muscle and the depressor septi nasi muscle, so cutting or shortened the Pitanguy ligament can treat deformity of nose and lip by adjustment of nasolabial angles and the nasal length.

Cadaver ; Cartilage ; anatomy & histology ; Facial Muscles ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Ligaments ; anatomy & histology ; Lip ; anatomy & histology ; Nasal Septum ; anatomy & histology ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; pathology ; surgery ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; anatomy & histology

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence identifies the immune system not as an isolated system with automodulations, but one that interacts with the central nervous system.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of c-fos expression in the lung and brain tissues of asthmatic rats and explore is significance.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Oncology, Southern Hospital, and Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted Department of Oncology,Southern Hospital, and Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital,Southern Medical University, between January and August 2004. Fourteen healthy male rats were randomized into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=4).METHODS: On the first day of experiment, the rats in experimental group received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL of the suspension containing 10 mg albumen, 200 mg aluminum hydroxide powder and inactivated pertussis vaccine (5×109), and subjected to inhalation of ultrasonically atomized 10 g/L albumen from on the 15th day, 2 times per hour for totally 3 days, to induce asthma in the rats. The rats in the control group received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL normal saline on the 1st day and inhalation of ultrasonically normal saline on the 15th day, 30 mL a day for totally 3 days. The lung and brain tissues of all the anesthetized rats were fixed by perfusion, and immunohistochemical method with ovin-biotin-peroxidase complex and imaging analysis system were used to observe the distribution of Fos protein in the lung and brain.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of c-Fos protein in lung and cerebrum.c-Fos in the lung and brain tissues was obviously higher in asthmatic group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05), located mainly in the parietal-fontal cortex, limbic forebrain (cingulum cortex, pyriform cortex and central amygdaloid nucleus and so on), thalamus paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, lateral region of the hypothalamus, hypothalamus periventricular nucleus, nucleus of solitary tract,area postrema and ventrolateral medulla. No obvious Fos expression was observed in the cerebellum. A large number of c-Fos-positive cells were observed in the wall of the airway and lungs in asthmatic rats, mainly distributing in the mucous membrane and submucous layer and around the smooth muscles; in the control rats, no positive cells or only occasional cells with weak c-Fos positivity were found in the wall of the airway and lungs.CONCLUSION: c-Fos expression increases obviously not only in the lungs of asthmatic rats, but also in medullar and its ascending projecting nuclei (hypothalamus, amygdala and so on), suggesting that the expression of protooncogene c-fos might be closely related with neuroimmunomodulation in asthma.

BACKGROUND:Various factors can affect the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cel s, and the osteoinductive factor of traditional Chinese medicine is very important for the research of human adipose-derived stem cel s. OBJECTIVE:To investagate the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cel s in vitro. METHODS:The human adipose-derived stem cel s were isolated and cultured in vitro. After passaqed to the third generation, human adipose-derived stem cel s at 2×103/wel were incubated in a 96-wel plate, and treated with 200μL of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0,6.0μmol/L ginsenoside Rb1 medium. The human adipose-derived stem cel s in the control group were treated with an equal volume of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium. Growth curves were examined by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-(2H)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide T colorimetric assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin content were detected by alkaline phosphatase kit and radio-immunity method, respectively. Calcified nodules were observed using alizarin red O staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The proliferation viability of human adipose-derived stem cel s was significantly increased after cultured with 0.5μmol/L ginsenoside Rb1. With the increasing of the concentration of ginsenoside Rb1, the mitogenic activity of the cel s was decreased. The 6.0μmol/L ginsenoside Rb1 showed a depressant effect on proliferation. Ginsenoside Rb1 could promote alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression in human adipose-derived stem cel s and showed a dose-dependent manner. Calcified nodule formation induced by 4.6 and 6.0μmol/L ginsenoside Rb1 were better when compared with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0μmol/L ginsenoside Rb1. Ginsenoside Rb1 can promote the proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cel s cultured in vitro in a certain concentration, and in the high concentration, the ginsenoside Rb1 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cel s. So ginsenoside Rb1 can be used as an osteoinductive factor.

Objective To investigate awareness of definition, diagnostic criteria, severity classification and standard diagnosis and treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among primary-care physicians at the grassroots in urban and suburban Shanghai.Methods In total, 298 physicians were surveyed by unified questionnaire for COPD-related knowledge in two secondary-care general hospitals (one in urban and suburban areas each ) and 12 community primary-care centers (four in urban and eight in suburban areas) in Shanghai.One hundred and fifteen physicians in two urban hospitals and one suburban hospital were trained professionally and then evaluated for its effectiveness.Results Awareness of diagnostic criteria of COPD was only 22.4% (35/156), 25.6% ( 10/39), 4.3 % (3/69)and 26.5% (9/34) among physicians in urban primary-care hospitals, urban secondary-care hospitals,suburban primary-care hospitals and suburban secondary-care hospitals, respectively.Their awareness of knowledge about use of anti-cholinergic agents was 13.5 % (21/156), 35.9 % ( 14/39), naught (0/69),and 14.7 % ( 5/34 ), respectively.Only 0.67 % of them ( 2/298 ) knew about severity classification of COPD.Awareness of definition and diagnostic criteria for COPD in the physicians increased to 72.2 % ( 83/115) after training from 18.2% (21/115) before it, and their awareness of severity classification for COPD increased to 45.2% (52/115) after training from 0.8 % (1/115) before it.Conclusions Awareness of COPD-related knowledge, especially of standard diagnosis and treatment for COPD, was poor in primary-care physicians at the grassroots in Shanghai, so it is necessary to strengthen training for them in COPD-related knowledge, including pulmonary function tests.

ObjectiveTo analyze the Envelope (E) gene of type 1,2,3 dengue virus isolated fromGuangzhouin2010, andtoinvestigatetheinfectionsourceandvirusgenotypes.MethodsEighty-five serum samples were collected from 85 patients in acute phase of dengue fever.Dengue virus was cultured and isolated by C6/36 cells.The whole length of E gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then sequenced.The phylogenetic tree was drawn by neighbor-joining method.The bioinformatics analysis was performed by combining the phylogenetic information and the epidemiologic data.ResultsSix strains of type 1 dengue virus,two strains of type 2 dengue virus and six strains of type 3 dengue virus were isolated from 85 samples.The E gene sequence of these strains was obtained by sequencing.The phylogenetic analysis showed that type 1 and 3 dengue virus belonged to two genotypes (Asian and South Pacific ocean,India subcontinent and Southeast Asia/South Pacific ocean,respectively),and type 2 dengue virus belonged to one genotype (Malaysia/India subcontinent).ConclusionIt's presumed that all strains of type 2 dengue virus are imported,four strains of type 1 dengue virus are imported and four strains of type 3 dengue virus arc imported,the remaining two stains of type 1 and two stains of type 3 dengue virus need mosquito intermediary research further to prove their origins.

BACKGROUND: Studies regarding Feridex in vitro cell labeling are mainly in rodents, while little information is known on primate crab-eating macaque.OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of protocols using Feridex and transfection agents for in vitro magnetic labeling of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in crab-eating macaque.METHODS: Under the sterile condition, the crab-eating macaque BMSCs were obtained by means of density gradient centrifugation following a bone puncture. Feridex-poly-l-lysine complexes were used to magnetically label BMSCs. The efficiency and cellular viability of Feridex-poly-l-lysine labeled BMSCs were evaluated by Prussian blue staining, electron microscopy, and trypan blue dye exclusion test. The proliferation and differentiation ability of Feridex-poly-l-lysine labeling BMSCs were also investigated by inverted phase contrast microscope and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs could be effectively labeled by Feridex and labeling efficiency was around 99%. Tiny blue stained fine particles and numerous vesicles coated with the electron-dense magnetic iron particles could be found in the cytoplasm of Feridex-poly-l-lysine labeled BMSCs under optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. Cell viability, proliferation and differentiation ability of labeled BMSCs were not affected by Feridex-poly-l-lysine labeling. Results indicated that Feridex might be used to label BMSCs of crab-eating macaque.

A novel sesquiterpenoid (1) and three known compounds identified as isoaltenuene (2), altenuene (3), and alternariol 4, 10-O-dimethyl ether (4), were isolated in our investigation of the cytotoxic constituents from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell line A549, breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. Compound 4 could induce the PANC-1 cells inflation or death, but couldn't induce apoptosis at the IC50 of 60.2 microg x mL(-1).

Objective To investigate the behavioral problems and self-concept of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the correlation between them. Methods The subjects came from a sample survey of primary and middle school students' mental status in 6 regions in Hunan province. Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL) was filled out by parents. The Children's self-concept scale (CSCS) was completed by children themselves. Results There were significant differences between the scores of ODD group and the normal control among all CBCL subscales except the activities scale, and the scores for the CSCS scales were all lower in patients with ODD than the control group except for the physical appearance and attributes (P<0.01). In addition, according to correlation analysis, the CBCL scores yielded small but significant correlations with the CSCS scores for children with ODD(P<0.05). Conclusion Children with ODD have generally behavioral problems, poor social competence, and lower self-concept, whose behaviors were correlated with their self-concept.