Objective To measure and analyze the microstructures of the 5th cervical vertebra with micro CT.Methods Micro CT scans were obtained from the 5th cervical vertebra of bone specimens of 5 adult cadaver who aged 45 to 57 years old.The scanned data were reconstructed with the Inveon Research Workplace.After being reconstructed with the Inveon Research Workplace,3 regions of interest(50×50×50,pixe3) were chosen in a coronalplane so that the results of bone volume/total volume(BV/TV,%),bone surface area/bone volume ratio(BS/BV,mm-1),bone surface(BS,mm),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th,mm),and trabecular number(TN,mm-1) were measured.The characteristics of the bone trabecular structure and the nutrient foramina were analyzed,and the thickness of bone cortex and medullary cavity diameter were measured.Results Trabecular microstructures were obtained after 3D reconstruction of micro CT scans of the 5th cervical vertebra.The lamellar-like trabecular bone make up a complex net-like micro-construction combined with rod-shaped trabecular bones in all direction.There was no significant difference in BT/TV,BS/BV,Tb.Th,TN compared with the regions of interest of the 5th cervical vertebra (P>0.05).The thickness of bone cortex and medullary cavity diameter between different parts of the 5th cervical vertebra were of statistically significant difference (P<0.05).And the nutrient foramina were discovered.Conclusion High-resolution 3D images of the 5th cervical vertebra can be obtained with micro CT as so to analyze not only the bone micro-structures but also the finite element and so on.

Objective To investigate the quantity and species distribution of diatoms in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area of Shanghai and provide references for the invesitigation of water body in forensic practice. Methods The water samples collected from 15 areas in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area in September 2012 were examined by microscope to identify the species of diatoms. Results Cyclotella and Pinnularia were found to be the dominant species within the 12 species of diatoms in Chuanyang River, which showed differences in species among the sections of Huangpu River, the center and the East China Sea. Conclusion The differences in subsectional distribution of diatom species in Chuanyang River may provide a new foundation for forensic identification in drowning cases especially in the deter-mination of falling location.

Objective To investigate the degradation rate of profenofos in soil. Methods The residues of profenofos at different times after spraying on soil were determined by GC-FPD method. Results Detection limit of profenofos in soil was 0.04 mg/kg. The recovery rates and relative standard deviation obtained by adding standard assay were 95.2%～98.7% and 3.4%～4.5% respectively. According to the dose recommended, degradation of profenofos sprayed on soil was consistent with one range dynamics. The half-life of profenofos in soil was 1.09 days. At the 13th day after spraying on soil, 98.3% of profenofos had degraded. Conclusion This method was simple, rapid, accurate and precise. The degradation of profenofos was more rapid and profenofos contamination in soil was not a serious problem.

Objective To determine the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic intravenous ibuprofen compared to placebo/no intervention on the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) in preterm infants.Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCT) or quasi-RCT comparing prophylactic intravenous ibuprofen versus placebo/no treatment for prevention of PDA in preterm infants were enrolled. The standard search strategy included electronic search and manual search. Electronic search was carried out in databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect, EMBASE, OVID, Cochrane Library, VIP Chinese Periodical Database and Chinese Digital Hospital Library (www. chkd. cnki. net) without language restriction. As a supplementation,references in previous reviews and studies identified as relevant had been examined by manual search. RevMan 5.0. 21 was used in the statistical analysis. Effects were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous data while risk ratio (RR) and 95%CI for categorical data.Results Four studies qualified for this meta-analysis including three graded 4 and one graded 3 with Jadad scale. Prophylactic use of ibuprofen significantly decreased the incidence of PDA on day three (RR=0. 40,95 % CI: 0. 31-0. 51, P＜0.01 ), the need for rescue treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (RR = 0. 18,95 % CI:0. 07-0. 45, P = 0. 0003) and the need for surgical ligation (RR = 0. 34,95 % CI: 0. 14-0. 81, P =0. 02) in the prophylactic group. No significant difference of pulmonary, cerebral, gastrointestinal, and renal complications were found between the prophylactic and control groups. Conclusions Prophylactic intravenous ibuprofen significantly reduces the risk of PDA on day three, decreases the need for rescue treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and surgical ligation without significant pulmonary, cerebral,gastrointestinal, and renal complications were seen in the prophylactic group. Due to the limits of evidences to date, prophylactic ibuprofen intravenously for prevention of PDA in preterm infants is not recommended.

Objective To examine the effects of weight loss on functional state of female judokas. Methods Twelve female judokas belonging to Shanghai female judo team were tested at different periods(first,second,third phases and last phase) during weight loss a month before competition. The changes of physiological and biochemical indexes in different periods were observed and all the data was statistically analyzed. Results Previous three phases,the Fat% in weight loss group was decreased compared with basic data (P

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is indicated as an effective method for treatment of delayed fracture healing or nonunion. Osteoblasts plays an important role in this process.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of osteoblasts in the process of extracorporeal shock wave promoting fractures healing, and to provide theoretical support for improving shock wave therapy on fracture healing.METHODS: Primary cultured ostsoblasts were isolated from newbon SD rat calvaria and randomly divided into two groups, shock wave and control. Treated by different energies of extracorporeal shock wave, cells were incubated onto 96-well culture plate. An optimal dose of extracorporeai shock wave was selected according to survival and proliferation of osteoblasts. The osteoblasts treated by optimal energy of extracorporeal shock wave were cultured and harvested for the analysis of alkaline phosphatase by calcium cobolt stain, cell survival by CCK-8 Kit, alkaline phosphatase expression by AKP kit, mineralized nodules by Alizarin red staining, integrin β1 and β1 mRNA expressions by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, cell migration by wound healing assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal energy of extracorporeal shock wave treating primary cultured osteoblasts was 10 kV (500 impulses). Following extracorporeal shock wave therapy, the cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, cell mineralization, rates of cell adhesion, as well as β1 integrin and its mRNA expressions were increased as compared with those in control group (P ＜ 0.01). Further distance of cell migration was found in extracorporeal shock wave group (P ＜ 0.05). The results showed that the optimal energy of extracorporeal shock wave could promote the proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and migration of osteoblasts in vitro, and β1 integrin may play an important role in the process of cell adhesion and migration.

Objective To establish an animal model of cat with chronic pancreatitis (CP),and to investigate the imaging features of MRI and MRCP of normal pancreas and CP.Methods Thirty two cats were randomly divided into control group ( n =8 ) and experimental group ( n =24) ( 3,5,7 weeks after model establishment,eight cats in every group).Partial ligation of the pancreatic duct was used to induce chronic pancreatitis.All cats underwent MRI plain scanning,MRCP scanning 3,5,and 7 weeks after modeling to observe the pancreas morphology.The values of T1 signal intensity of pancreas were obtained using a region of interest (ROI) method,and the diameter of pancreatic duct was measured.The ratios of T1 signal intensity ( rT1 s) between pancreas and liver were calculated and compared.Results Nineteen of 24 cats survived,and 15 cats developed CP,and the pathologic examinations showed mild,middle,severe CP developed in 7,5,3 cats,suggesting a successful model induction rate of 62.5％.The pancreases of cats were displayed clearly on MRI.The signal intensity of pancreas was higher than that of liver on T1WI,whereas it was lower than that of liver on T2WI.Meanwhile,there were four cats' pancreatic ducts were shown on MRCP,the maximum diameter of pancreatic duct was (0.79 ±0.18) mm,and the opening orifice of pancreatic duct was located at descendant duodenum with common bile duct.The rT1 s of ROI of normal pancreas,mild,middle,severe CP was 1.03 ±0.06,0.95 ±0.08,0.90 ±0.10,0.80 ±0.11,and the difference among these groups was statistically significant (t =2.18,P ＜ 0.05 ; t =2.89,P ＜ 0.05; t =4.63,P ＜ 0.01).The maximum diameter of pancreatic duct was (0.79 ±0.18),(0.95 t0.24),( 1.26 ±0.31),(2.67 ±0.71 )mm,and maximum diameter of pancreatic duct of middle,severe CP was significantly different when compared with that of normal pancreas ( P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The method of partial ligation of pancreatic duct can induce CP in cats.The normal pancreas and CP of cats are similar with human with respect to anatomy,morphology,MR and MRCP imaging features.

The authors adopted acupuncture plus auricular electro-acupuncture to treat 38 cases of dysmenorrhea belonging to qi stagnation and blood stasis pattern, the better therapeutic effect was achieved, with the effective rate of 97.4%.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the matrix formula of Lanlian ertong qingre cataplasm. METHODS:Taking adhesion force,peel strength and sensory description as index,the ratio of matrix framework material(sodium polyacrylate-gan hydroxyl alu-minum-tartaric acid-glycerin) was optimized with orthogonal test. The single factor test was adopted to select adhesive and filler;the amount of penetrating agent azone was screened using the in vitro penetration amount of phillyrin. RESULTS:The best matrix ratio of Lanlian ertong qingre cataplasm was sodium polyacrylate-gan hydroxyl aluminum-tartaric acid-glycerin(4.0:0.8:0.4:15);PVP K-90 was used as adhesive,and bolus alba as filler;penetration enhancers azone accounted for 2.0%. Validation test showed, prepared cataplasm had good appearance,could stick on the 5th or the 6th ball;it's peel strength was 7.5 N;all RSDs of score were lower than 4%(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized matrix formula of Lanlian ertong qingre cataplasm is simple,stable and good in molding.

Background:Detection and removal of colorectal polyp by colonoscopy is of great importance for prevention of colorectal carcinoma. Aims:To investigate whether the clinical symptoms of patients undergoing colonoscopy may hint colorectal polyp and carcinoma,and provide reference for candidate selection in colonoscopic screening. Methods:A total of 2 366 patients undergoing colonoscopy were recruited and the history information such as symptoms at outpatient visits, site and nature of the lesions was collected for analyzing the detection rates of colorectal polyp and carcinoma and the correlations of clinical symptoms with the risk and site of the disease. Results:The overall detection rates of colorectal polyp and carcinoma were 20. 5% and 5. 4% ,respectively,in 2 366 patients. The detection rates were significantly higher in symptomatic patients than those in asymptomatic patients(24. 2% vs. 4. 5% for polyp and 6. 4% vs. 0. 9% for carcinoma,P all = 0. 000). Moreover,when patients were classified by major symptoms,the detection rate of colorectal polyp was significantly increased in patients with diarrhea(OR = 1. 213),hematochezia(OR = 2. 076),and changing of stool consistency(OR = 1. 503)(P all < 0. 05),and the detection rate of colorectal carcinoma was significantly increased in patients with abdominal pain( OR = 1. 568),hematochezia( OR = 2. 837),changing of stool consistency( OR =2. 206),and tenesmus( OR = 1. 735)( P all < 0. 05). The major symptoms being hematochezia,changing of stool consistency and tenesmus were associated with lesions locating at rectum or left hemicolon(P all < 0. 05). Conclusions:Diarrhea, hematochezia and changing of stool consistency hints risk for colorectal polyp, while abdominal pain, hematochezia,changing of stool consistency and tenesmus hints risk for colorectal carcinoma. Colonoscopy is strongly recommended for patients with these symptoms.