Objective To investigate the efficacy and optimal dose of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) in treatment of infantile spasms (IS).Methods Sixty patients with IS were randomly divided into group A (ACTH 20 IU/d,n =20),group B (ACTH 40 IU/d,n =20) and group C (Depakine syrup,n =20) in a prospective randomized study.Patients in group A and group B were given ACTH in the dose of 20 IU/d and 40 IU/d for 2 weeks,respectively.After 2 weeks of treatment,ACTH administration was replaced by oral prednisone if the seizure frequency decreased by 50.0％ or less.Patients showing incomplete control of epilepsy(seizure frequency reduction less than 50.0％) or failing to respond to treatment were continuously treated with the original amount of ACTH for another 2 weeks,then ACTH was replaced by oral prednisone.Patients in group C were treated with the combination regimen of oral clonazepam and Depakine syrup routinely.All participants were followed up by 0.5-3.0 years.The differences in clinical efficacy,changes in electroencephalogram(EEG) and adverse reactions in 3 groups were compared and analyzed.Results Mter 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rates (TER) and EEG remission rate (ERR) in group A [TER:75.0％ (15/20 cases),ERR:40.0％ (8/20 cases)] and group B [TER:70.0％ (14/20 cases),ARE:45.0％ (9/20 cases)] were significantly higher than those in group C [TER:30.0％ (6/20 cases),ERR:10.0％ (2/20 cases)] (x2 =10.011,6.624,all P ＜ 0.05),respectively,while no significant difference was found between group A and group B as for seizure control,hypsarrhythmia EEG resolution,and cognitive function restoration (x2 =0.125,0.000,t =1.95,all P ＞ 0.05).During follow-up study,the TER and ERR in group A [TER:30.0％ (16/20 cases),ERR:35.3 ％ (6/17 cases)] and group B [TER:30.0％ (6/20 cases),ARE:37.5％ (6/16 cases)] were also significantly higher than those in group C [TER:5.0％ (1/20 cases),ARE:5.9％ (1/17 cases)] (x2 =4.329,6.455,all P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The incidence of adverse reactions in group A was lower than that in group B (x2 =3.956,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ACTH proves to be an effective drug for the treatment of IS.Administration of ACTH in the dose of 20 IU/d for 2 weeks seems to be an optimal treatment recipe with remarkable efficacy with fewer adverse effects and may be worthy of clinical trials in a larger cohort.

In terms of performance of piezoelectric micro pump, this paper explores the piezoelectric ceramic plate in different wave driven micro pump flow rate. The conclusion is that the square wave voltage gets the biggest micro pump velocity. The velocity and pressure of the micro pump is almost linear relationship, and having nothing to do with the different inner diameter pipes. The piezoelectric micro pump's stability is not good and exists attenuation.
Ceramics ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; Insulin Infusion Systems

ABSTRACT:Objective To study the efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC)oral suspension on children with different kinds of epilepsy.Methods A total of 83 children with epilepsy were selected from the Pediatric Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and Xi’an Children’Hospital from June 201 1 to June 2014.They were treated with OXC monotherapy or adjunctive therapy.Use open-label and self-contrast method.The initial dose of OXC was 8 -10 mg/(kg·d),and then was added 10 mg/(kg·d)per 7 days until it reached the minimum effective dose.Generally,the maintenance dose was about 20-40 mg/(kg·d).The follow-up duration was 6 - 12 months.Results 83 cases were eventually included and 5 cases withdrew.We elvaluated the efficacy every 3 months.The results were as follows:the first stage (1,2,3 months)resulted in a 41.0% of full control rate and a 71.8% of total effective rate;the second stage (4,5,6 months)resulted in a 46.2% of full control rate and a 76.9% of total effective rate;the third stage (7,8,9 months)resulted in a 59.0%of full control rate and a 79.5% of total effective rate.There were no significant differences in the efficacy of the three stages.54 cases with partial seizures resulted in a 59.3% of full control rate and a 79.6% of total effective
rate;24 cases with generalized seizure resulted in a 45.8% of full control rate and a 62.5% of total effective rate. There was no statistical significant difference in the efficacy of the two seizure types.43 cases with monotherapy resulted in a 58% of full control rate and a 79% of total effective rate,35 cases with add-on therapy resulted in a 40.0% of full control rate and a 57.1% of total effective rate.24 cases with < 2 resulted in a 41.7% of full control rate and a 62.5% of total effective rate,54 cases with 2-6 resulted in a 59.3% of full control rate and a 83.3% of total effective rate.14 cases of children were reported to have at least one adverse drug reactions,the specific symptoms included emotional instability unstable, hypohidrosis, somnolence, dizzness, headache, vomiting, urorrhea,lack of appetite,aggressive behavior and hypomnesia.Adverse reactions were mild and most of them could subside over time.Conclusion OXC oral suspension has a good efficacy and safety when treating children with partial seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures of epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and improvement of patients' quality of life in tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)and tension-free vaginal tape obturator(TVT-O)for surgical treatment of severe female stress urinary incontinence.Methods This study was a randomized,singleblinded,controlled trial.Patients were randomized by a computer-generated randomization schedule with allocation to either TVT or TVT-O procedure.TVT procedure was performed in 35 cases and TVT-O in 34 cases.None had received surgery for urinary incontinence or was in pregnancy.Transvaginal hysterectomy and prolapse reparation were done simultaneously in some of the patients.All patients were requested to complete the Urinary Distress Inventory(UDI-6)and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire(ⅡQ-7)as part of their pre-and postoperative assessment.Results All patients were evaluable and the mean follow-up was 14.5 months.The mean operative time was(18±5)min in the TVT-O group,Significantly shorter than in the TVT group(27±5)min(P＜0.01).The two groups did not differ significantly in perioperative blood loss,postoperative complications(including tape erosion,pain in thigh or behind pubis),postvoid residual volume,hospital stays or expenses(all P＞ 0.05).Sixty patients were successfully treated for stress urinary incontinence(88.6%and 85.3%for TVT and TVT-O groups,respectively).There were significant improvements in postoperative scores for both the ⅡQ-7 and the UDI-6(P＜0.01),except in subscale measuring symptoms of voiding dysfunction(P＞0.05).Conclusions Both techniques appear to be equally effective in the surgical treatment of severe stress urinary incontinence in a short term review.Significant improvements could also be seen in patients' quality of life.However.TVT-O has a shorter operative time.No evidence of increasing risk of urethral obstruction after the operation could be found.Long term followups axe necessary to evaluate outcomes of different types of surgery for stress urinary incontinence.

Objective: To optimize the alcohol-extraction process and condition of Radix Pulsatillae.Methods: Alcohol concentration,the extraction time and number of extraction on effect of extraction rate of pulchinenoside B4 were evaluated by orthogonal design L9(34).Results: The optimum condition of the alcohol extraction was: 75% ethanol,3 times of extraction,3h for extraction process.Conclusion: The extraction method can be used for reference for the extraction process of Radix Pulsatillae.

To investigate the relationship of the variation of virulence and the external capsid proteins of the pandemic duck hepatitis A virus type 1(DHAV-1) isolates,the virulence,cross neutralization assays and the complete sequence of the virion protein 1(VP1) gene of nine virulent DHAV-1 strains,which were isolated from infected ducklings with clinical symptoms in Shandong province of China in 2007-2008,were tested.The fifth generation duck embryo allantoic liquids of the 9 isolates were tested on 12-day-old duck embryos and on 7-day-old ducklings for the median embryonal lethal doses(ELD50s) and the median lethal doses(LD50s),respectively.The results showed that the ELD5s of embryonic duck eggs of the 9 DHAV-1 isolates were between 1.9 × 106/mL to 1.44 × 107/mL,while the LD50s were 2.39 × 105/mL to 6.15 × 106/mL.Cross-neutralization tests revealed that the 9 DHAV-1 isolates were completely neutralized by the standard serum and the hyperimmune sera against the 9 DHAV-1 isolates,respectively.Compared with other virulent,moderate virulent,attenuated vaccine and mild strains,the VP1 genes of the 9 strains shared 89.8％-99.7％ similarity at the nucleotide level and 92.4％-99.6％ at amino acid level with other DHAV-1 strains.There were three hypervariable regions at the C-terminus(as 158-160,180-193 and 205-219) and other variable points in VPI protein,but which didn't cause virulence of DHAV-1 change.

Objective To explore the expression of P53 and mettl-9 gene in colon cancer tissues and inflammation tissues and normal adjacent tissues and study its relationship with colon cancer.Methods The morphologic situation of histiocyte after H.E.stained was observed.The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to detect the gene expression of P53 and METFL-9.Results The expression of P53 gene in inflammation tissues was significantly higher than that in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues(P ＜0.05).The expression of P53 gene in cancer tissues was significantly lower than adjacent tissues and infiammation tissues.METTL-9 gene expression in inflammation tissues was significantly lower than cancer tissues and adjacent tissues(P ＜0.05).In cancer tissues,P53 gene and METFL-9 gene were negative related.Conclusions The mutations of P53 gene played an important role in the course of colon cancer,its downstream gene METTL-9 was highly expressed in colon cancer,and the 9-methyl-converting enzyme which produced by transcription and translation might lead gene hypermethylation in the colon cancer,and thereby promoted the development of colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPoC) on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight male adult SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =32 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R,group I/R + RIPoC and remote I/R group (group RI/R ).Global cerebral I/R was induced by four-vessel occlusion.Group I/R + RIPoC received 3 cycles of 15 min reperfusion followed by 15 min ischemia in bilateral femoral arteries at the beginning of cerebral reperfusion.The rats were sacrificed at 24 and 48 h of cerebral reperfusion,and brains were removed for determination of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL method) in hippocampal CA1 region and the parietal cortex,Bcl-2 and Bax expression (by Western blot) in hippocampal CA1 region.The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in hippocampal CA1 region and the parietal cortex were also measured at 48 h of cerebral reperfusion.Morris water maze task was used to test the learning and memory function at 4 d of cerebral reperfusion,and the rats were sacrificed at 7 d of cerebral reperfusion,and brains were removed for determination of neuronal density in hippocampal CAl region and the parietal cortex.Results Cerebral I/R significantly increased the number of apoptotic neurons and MDA content,upregulated Bcl-2 and Bax expression,decreased neuronal density,SOD and CAT activity and learning and memory function in group I/R as compared with group S.RIPoC significantly attenuated these cerebral I/R-induced changes.Conclusion RIPoC could protect brain against global cerebral I/R-induced injury,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting lipid peroxidation,regulating the balance between Bcl-2 and Bax and inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective To develop a nursing standard of baccalaureate program for Shanghai Jiaotong University to guide and improve the training quality of nursing students.Methods On the basis of literature review,the nominal group technique and Delphi survey technique were used to develop the standard.Results The training objective and the training plan included attitude,knowledge and ability constituted the standard.Conclusions The deficient of dominating personalities or obedience to authority which existed in traditional group discussion can be diminished in this study.The nominal group technique is a scientific and professional method for the construction and evaluation of nursing program.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and gemcitabine chemotherapy in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effects of GRP78 on the viability of lung adenocarcinoma SPCA1 cells and the chemosensitivity of gemcitabine, and to elucidate its mechanisms. Methods: The positive expression rates of GRP78 in 32 cases of cancer tissue of the NSCLC patients were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The SPCA1 cells with high expression of GRP78 were selected as the subjects. RNA interference technique was used to down-regulate the expression of GRP78 in SPCA1 cells (interference group) and the cells treated with shNC were used as control group. MTT assay was used to detect the viabilities of SPCA1 cells in various groups. Negative control group, interference group, control + gemcitabine group, and interference+ gemcitabine group were set up; colone formation assay was used to detect the colone formation rates of SPCA1 cells in various groups; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression amount of Akt, p-Akt, PI3K, and p-PI3K in the SPCA1 cells in various groups. Results: The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive expression rate of GRP78 in cancer tissue in the remission NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that in the no-remission NSCLC patients after treated with gemcitabine (P<0. 05). The MTT assay results showed that compared with negative control group, the viability of SPCA1 cells in interference group was decreased significantly (P<0. 05), and the viability of SPCA1 cells in interference + gemcitabine group was significantly decresed (P<0. 05). The Western blotting results showed that compared with negative control group, the expression amounts of p-Akt and p-PI3K in the SPCA1 cells in interference group were decreased, and the expression amounts of p-Akt and p-PI3K in the SPCA1 cells in interference+gemcitabine group were decreased significantly. Conclusion: Interference of GRP78 may increase the sensitivity of gemcitabine to chemotherapy, and GRP78 may reduce the sensitivity of NSCLC patients to gemcitabine through PI3K/Akt pathway.