AIM To study the antiperoxide damage of injectio tanshin during dissolving thrombus to cure the acute myocardial infarction(AMI). METHODS AMI model formatted by electricity to irritate the left ventricular branch of coronary artery of open-chest rabbit,and observation aspects including electrocardiogram(ECG),cardiac output and contractility,serumal enzymatic activities and biochemistry and pathology of lipid peroxide extent of myocardial infarction zone. RESULTS By urinate kinase(UK) combining with injection tanshin,abnormal changes of ECG, descending of cardiac contractiles and cardiac output,going up of serum cardiac damage enzyme(CPK-MB and LDH),and the malondialdehyde(MDA)of serum and myocardial infarction zone could be remarkably reduced or avoided during UK dissolving the thrombus to cure AMI rabbits. CONCLUSION Injection tanshin can clearly reduce or avoid lipid peroxidation damage during UK dissolving the thrombus to cure the acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To understand the epidemical patterns of schistosomiasis in Guichi District of Chizhou City，Anhui Province，in order to provide the reference for schistosomiasis control. Methods The annual data of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Guichi District from 1991 to 2011 were collected. The descriptive analysis was first conducted to describe the changes of schistosomiasis in local residents and the status of Oncomelania hupensis. An autoregressive integrated moving average （ARIMA）model was applied to fit and predict the tendency of schistosomiasis incidence in this region. Results The humanmorbidity increased with the increasing of the areas with snail habitats（P < 0.05），and four peaks（in 1992，1995，2005，2008）were detected. The difference of the area with snails among different types of snail habitats was statistically significant（F = 256.79，P < 0.05）. ARIMA（1，1，1）was determined to be the optimal model for analyzing the morbidity of schistosomiasis，and the short⁃term forecast of the morbidity in Guichi District from 2012 to 2015 showed that the predicted values were 0.017%，0.007%，0.012%，and 0.010%，respectively. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Guichi District is controlled relatively well in the past two decades. However，the surveillance in the lake and marshland regions should be strengthened continuously to prevent the rebounding of the schistosomiasis endemic situation.

Objective To explore the technique of maximum entropy model for extracting Oncomelania hupensis snail habi?tats in Poyang Lake zone. Methods The information of snail habitats and related environment factors collected in Poyang Lake zone were integrated to set up the maximum entropy based species model and generate snail habitats distribution map. Two Land?sat 7 ETM+remote sensing images of both wet and drought seasons in Poyang Lake zone were obtained,where the two indices of modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)were applied to ex?tract snail habitats. The ROC curve,sensitivities and specificities were applied to assess their results. Furthermore,the impor?tance of the variables for snail habitats was analyzed by using Jackknife approach. Results The evaluation results showed that the area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of testing data by the remote sensing?based method was only 0.56, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.23 and 0.89 respectively. Nevertheless,those indices above?mentioned of maximum en?tropy model were 0.876,0.89 and 0.74 respectively. The main concentration of snail habitats in Poyang Lake zone covered the northeast part of Yongxiu County,northwest of Yugan County,southwest of Poyang County and middle of Xinjian County,and the elevation was the most important environment variable affecting the distribution of snails,and the next was land surface tem?perature(LST). Conclusions The maximum entropy model is more reliable and accurate than the remote sensing?based meth?od for the sake of extracting snail habitats,which has certain guiding significance for the relevant departments to carry out mea?sures to prevent and control high?risk snail habitats.

Objective To explore the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on paralytic hand and upper limb of stroke patients. Methods 32 patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=16) and the control group (n=16). All the patients accepted routine rehabilitation, and the patients in the treatment group accepted TEAS in addition for 6 weeks. They were assessed with Fug1-Meyer Assessment of upper extremities (FMA-UE), motor status scale (MSS) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and 2, 4, 6 weeks after treatment. Results All the measures improved in both groups after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), while the scores of MBI improved more in the treatment group than in the control group 4 weeks after treatment (P<0.05), and all the measures improved more in treatment group than in the control group 6 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion TEAS may promote the recovery of flaccid hand and upper extremity function post stroke.

Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a spectrum of pulmonary infections in non-mechanical ventilation patients within 7 days of stroke. SAP is one of the most common complications after stroke, with an incidence of 7%-38%, which is significantly associated with poor prognosis of stroke. Stroke-induced immune-depression syndrome (SIDS) is one of the main pathogenesis of SAP, which is closely related to autoimmune, sympathetic nervous system (SNS), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalin axis (HPA axis), parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs). It is unclear how the lungs and brain interact during the development of SAP. Some clinical studies have found that some clinical indicators such as monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to predict SAP occurrence. Old age, male, and diabetes are currently considered risk factors for SAP. Furthermore, a variety of SAP risk scales such as A2DS2 scale (age, atrial fibrillation, dysphagia, gender and stroke severity), preventive antibacterial therapy in acute ischemic stroke (PANTHERIS) scale, acute ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia scale (AIS-APS), and ISAN scale (pre-stroke independence, gender, age, and stroke severity) have been developed. According to the opinion of Pneumonia in Stroke Consensus in 2015, it is recommended to use the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pneumonia clinical diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of SAP. Prevention of SAP is the most important part of clinical practice. Preventive antibiotics are not recommended, and once SAP is diagnosed, the antibiotic strategies should be followed. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory treatments are still being studied.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of urgent surgical correction for infra-cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC)in neonates.Methods From October 2009 to Janu-ary 2015,13 patients with infra-cardiac TAPVC received surgical correction.The age of patients ranged from 6 to 28 days[(15.08 ±7.42)days],the body weight ranged from 2.5 to 4.8 kg [(3.34 ±0.67)kg].A median sternotomy was performed.Continuous cardiopulmonary bypass using bicaval cannulation with aortic cross-clamping and mild systemic hypothermia were used in all patients.Bi-atrial incision technique making anastomosis between the posterior left atrial wall and the vertical vein were employed in 3 cases.In the other 10 cases,the heart was elevated upward and to the right to expose the anomalous descending vertical vein to facilitate the anastomosis between the posterolateral left atrial wall and vertical vein.Results Emergent or subemergent operations were performed in all patients without surgical death.In the early stage after opera-tion,delayed sternal closure was employed in 1 1 patients,pulmonary hypertension crisis occurred in 3 pa-tients,small atrial septal defect was kept open for hemodynamic stabilization in 6 patients,temporary cardiac pacemaker for proper heart rate in 3 patients.All patients were uneventfully discharged except 2 patients died of severe low cardiac output syndrome.During the period of follow up,2 patients presented with recurrent pulmonary infection and signs of pulmonary venous obstruction including the increased flow speed at the site of anastomosis.One of 2 patients was lost of follow up and the other patient was uneventfully discharged after the second operation.The rest 9 patients received postoperative follow up for 1 month to 5 years,echocardio-graphy,X ray chest radiography,and electrocardiogram were performed during this period.As a result,all children had good cardiac function and with sinus rhythm on electrocardiogram and apparently reduced pul-monary congestion on radiography.No obstructive pulmonary venous return was observed on echocardio-graphy.Conclusion Corrective operation for infra-cardiac TAPVC in neonate on urgent basis may provide favorite outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To achieve the ambitious goal of eliminating schistosome infections, the Chinese government has implemented diverse control strategies. This study explored the progress of the 2 most recent national schistosomiasis control programs in an endemic area along the Yangtze River in China. METHODS: We obtained village-level parasitological data from cross-sectional surveys combined with environmental data in Anhui Province, China from 1997 to 2015. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based on a hierarchical integro-difference equation (IDE) framework (i.e., CNN-IDE) was used to model spatio-temporal variations in schistosomiasis. Two traditional models were also constructed for comparison with 2 evaluation indicators: the mean-squared prediction error (MSPE) and continuous ranked probability score (CRPS). RESULTS: The CNN-IDE model was the optimal model, with the lowest overall average MSPE of 0.04 and the CRPS of 0.19. From 1997 to 2011, the prevalence exhibited a notable trend: it increased steadily until peaking at 1.6 per 1,000 in 2005, then gradually declined, stabilizing at a lower rate of approximately 0.6 per 1,000 in 2006, and approaching zero by 2011. During this period, noticeable geographic disparities in schistosomiasis prevalence were observed; high-risk areas were initially dispersed, followed by contraction. Predictions for the period 2012 to 2015 demonstrated a consistent and uniform decrease. CONCLUSIONS The proposed CNN-IDE model captured the intricate and evolving dynamics of schistosomiasis prevalence, offering a promising alternative for future risk modeling of the disease. The comprehensive strategy is expected to help diminish schistosomiasis infection, emphasizing the necessity to continue implementing this strategy.

Objective:To establish a sequencing method for the genome of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS).Methods:SFTSV RNA was extracted from serum samples of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. SFTSV-specific primers were designed using Primer 5.0 software. A multiplex PCR method was constructed and used to amplify the nucleotide sequence of SFTSV. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the NGS platform.Results:The whole genes of SFTSV isolates in 28 serum samples were amplified by the multiplex PCR with a coverage over 94%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of those strains revealed that the predominant strains ( n=20) belonged to genotype A, followed by genotypes B ( n=4) and E ( n=3). Conclusions:A high-throughput sequencing method for SFTSV based on multiplex PCR was established in this study. This method was characterized by high specificity and good quality and could improve the sequencing efficiency.

Pain in the cervical region of air force pilots, who are exposed to high G-forces, is a specifically occupational health problem. To minimize neck problems, the cervical muscles need specific strength exercise. It is important that the training for the neck must be carried out with optimal resistance in exercises. The model NSE-1 neck training machine for pilots was designed for neck strengthening exercises under safe and effective conditions. In order to realize the functions of changeable velocity and resistant (CVR) training and neck isometric contractive exercises, the techniques of adaptive hydraulics, sensor, optic and auditory biological feedback, and signal processing were applied to this machine. The training system mainly consists of mechanical parts (including the chair of flexion and extension, the chair of right and left lateral flexion, the components of hydraulics and torque transformer, etc.), and the software of signal processing and biological feedback. Eleven volunteers were selected for the experiments of neck isometric contractive exercises, three times a week for 6 weeks, where CVR training (flexion, extension, right, left lateral flexion) one time a week. The increase in relative strength of the neck (flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion) was 70.8%, 83.7%, 78.6% and 75.2%, respectively after training. Results show that the strength of the neck can be increased safely, effectively and rapidly with NSE-1 neck training machine to perform neck training.
Aerospace Medicine ; Aircraft ; Equipment Design ; Exercise ; physiology ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Neck Muscles ; injuries ; physiology ; Neck Pain ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Physical Education and Training ; Posture

Drug therapy is a common method to cure diseases and relieve symptoms.The value of patient-reported outcome(PRO)in evaluating the effect of drug therapy has been increasingly paid attention.The PRO scale is a standardized questionnaire,which can scientifically evaluate the experiences and subjective effects of drug use from a patient-centered perspective,and help patients and clinicians make more reasonable medication decisions.By reviewing and sorting out relevant global literature,this paper found that the content of the PRO scales relevant to drug therapy focused on five fields:"medication satisfaction""medication adherence""drug treatment burden""medication-related quality of life"and"adverse drug reactions".This paper described the basic information,measurement characteristics and application of common scales in recent years respectively,and summarized and analyzed the problems and enlightenment of scale development,aiming to provide theoretical reference for the selection,application and development of PRO scales.