Objective To investigate whether the μ- and δ-opioid receptors were involved in mediating the a ntinociceptive effect of opioid injection into the nucleus submedius (Sm). Methods Nociceptive behavior produced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (65 mmol/L, 50 μL) into the hind paw of the rat was assessed quantitatively using an automated movement detection system. The effects of morphine and selectiveμ- and δ-opioid receptor antagonists microinjected unilaterally into the Sm were determined in the awake rats. Results Morphine (31 mmol/L, 0. 5 μL) depressed the nociceptive behavior elicited by formalin, and this effect was antagonized completely by the selective μ-receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA, 0. 4 mmol/L, 0. 5 μL) and naloxonazine (0.8 mmol/L, 0.5 μL), and partly by the δ-receptor antagonist naltrindole (0.4 mmol/L, 0.5μL).Administration of morphine into thalamic regions more than 0. 5 mm dorsal to the Sm had no effect on the nociceptive behavior. Conclusion Antinociceptive effects produced by opioid acting on Sm neurons are mediated mainly by μ-opioid receptors, and partly by δ-receptors.

BACKGROUND: Chinese kidney-tonifying herb is commonly used in orthopedics department. However, individual effects of different ingredients remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe influence of effective ingredients of Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs on bone healing and hemorheology of rats with bone injury. METHODS: Rat model of fracture of shaft of the femur was established, and treated by intragastric administration separately with extractive rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids, epimedium total flavonoids, dodder total flavonoids, naringin, quercetin and hesperidin. Blood and bone samples were harvested after 21 days to detect the extent of bone healing and hemorheology indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The effective constituents of different Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs were beneficial to bone healing, and the effect of rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids and epimedium total flavonoids was better than the other drugs. Rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids and epimedium total flavonoids effectively inhibited blood viscosity under low shear, and reduced erythrocyte aggregation index and the aggregation and adhesion of platelet (P < 0.05), but it had no evident effects on erythrocyte deformation. This shows that the effective ingredient of the Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs can promote bone healing and exert certain effects on hemorheology. In particular, rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids exhibits the best effect.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer treated with breast conservation surgery and to establish the candidates for PMRT based on different pN stages and lymph node ratios (LNR). Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of the patients was conducted. The pa-tients had positive lymph nodes (n=152) between 1998 and 2007 and underwent breast conservation surgery. A comparison of the dis-ease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates was conducted based on LNR and pN staging and with PMRT as a prognostic factor. Results:A total of 152 cases were studied, of which 114 were pN1, 23 were pN2, and 15 were pN3. Among these cases, 114 had an LNR ranging from 0.01 to 0.20, 26 had an LNR from 0.21 to 0.65, and 12 had an LNR>0.65. Univariate analysis showed that the number of dissected lymph nodes, LNR, pN stage, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and radiotherapy were the prognostic fac-tors for DFS and OS rates (P<0.05). Age and chemotherapy were prognostic factors only for OS rate (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis in-dicated that PMRT and LNR were independent prognostic factors of DFS and OS (P<0.05). The pN staging had no significant effect on DFS or OS (P>0.05). In the subgroup analysis, PMRT had significant effect on DFS and OS (P<0.05) in patients with pN1 and LNR<0.21. Conclusion:LNR is an independent prognostic factor in axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer patients treated with breast conservation surgery, and a candidate for PMRT should be established based on different LNR risks.

Objective To observe the results of broth dilution method and disc diffusion method to test the synergistic effect of Reduning and cefoperazone sodium / sulbactam sodium(SCF) on extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter bauman (XDR-AB) in vitro environment ,and compare their compliance to guide the clinical medication .Methods A total of 12 strains of XDR-AB from infec-tion patients in our hospital in 2015 were collected ,the strain was sub cultured .Firstly ,observe the minimum inhibitory concentra-tion (MIC) of SCF and Reduning on XDR-AB alone and in combination by broth dilution method .And then judge the synergy effects through calculation .Secondly ,the inhibition ring diameter and the synergy effects was detected using the disc diffusion meth-od .Results The MIC of Reduning and SCF in combination on XDR-AB was declined compared with them alone .The Fractional in-hibitory concentration of Reduning and SCF in combination on XDR-AB were equal or less than 0 .5 ,they had synergistic effect on XDR-AB .The inhibition ring diameter of Reduning was 10 mm tested by disk diffusion method .Different strains of XDR-AB on SCF bacteriostatic annulus diameter difference ,5 strains were 15 mm ,3 strains were 16 mm ,and 4 strains were 17 mm .Reduning and SCF appeared synergistic effect according to the inhibition ring diameter expanded when they effected on XDR -AB in combina-tion .Conclusion In vitro ,Reduning combined with SCF on XDR-AB has good synergistic effect .Compared with broth microdilution checkerboard dilution method ,disk diffusion method is more simple and convenient ,but it has a certain subjective on judging re-sults ,which is better to operate by experienced person .

Objective To evaluate the effect of non-linear blending function for dual-energy CT on image of pulmonary angiogra-phy.Methods 27 patients underwent dual energy CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA).Data obtained with 100 kVp,140kVp,and non-linear blending were divided into group A,B,and C respectively.CT value of emboli were measured.Corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR )and contrast to noise ratio(CNR)were calculated.One-way Anova analysis and Friedman test were used to ana-lyze statistical significance among these values.Results On quantitative analysis of 27 patients,there was no statistical difference for CT value of CTPA among the three groups(P >0.05).For the noise,CNR and SNR,there were statistically significant among the three groups(P <0.05).Conclusion The non-linear blending function has certain advantages in improved image signal-to-noise ratio and it can be used in CT pulmonary angiography examination for patients suspected pulmonary embolism clinically .

Background and purpose: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been suggested to be a novel biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The present study aimed to evaluate and compare HE4 with the commonly used marker, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and imaging examinations in detecting the recurrence of postoperative EOC. Methods:In this study, 92 patients with the recurrence of postoperative EOC were analyzed retro-spectively. The treatments method included the secondary operation (48 patients) and chemotherapy (44 patients). The sensitivity of CA125, HE4 and CT/MRI examinations in detecting the recurrence of postoperative EOC were analyzed and correlated with surgical pathology and clinical follow-up results. Results:The sensitivity of CA125 and HE4 were 58.7%and 61.9%with no signiifcant difference (P>0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity of CA125 combined with HE4 (80.4%) was statistically higher than that of 2 tumor marks being applied independently (P>0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity of CT/MRI examinations (88.0%) was statistically higher than that of CA125 and HE4 (P<0.05), and no signiifcant difference was observed between CT/MRI and combined CA125 and HE4 (P>0.05). The highest diagnostic sensitivity (97.8%) was attained by combining of CA125, HE4 and CT/MRI examinations, which was statistically high-er than that of CA125 combined with HE4 (P<0.01), and CT/MRI examinations (P<0.05). Conclusion:Serum HE4 is an effective tumor marker in detecting the recurrence of postoperative EOC as well as serum CA125. HE4 and CA125 may improve the diagnostic sensitivity statistically. The highest diagnostic sensitivity was attained by combining of CA125, HE4 and CT/MRI examinations, which is the suitable strategy in screening the patient of postoperative EOC.

Objective To develop a motor rehabilitation system based on Kinect somatosensory interaction technology to be used in families.Methods The Kinect skeleton real-time tracking technique was applied to develop three motor rehabilitation protocols to instruct patients in how to perform rehabilitation training and to evaluate their performance.Results Five subjects participated in the experiment.They achieved average scores of 79.15 ±4.89 and 98.89±0.67 for 3D movement and arm lifting respectively.In the pose recognition experiment,their average recognition rate was 90.37 ± 5.21％.Conclusion The proposed rehabilitation system can instruct patients in performing training exercises and evaluate their performance at home.

Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a technique used to map and preserve arm lymphatic drainage during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and/or sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND). As a result, the risk of arm lymphedema is reduced. ARM is an emerging technology for breast cancer surgery and currently in the clinical trial phase. In this article, related clinical trials conducted in recent years were reviewed and the displaying methods of ARM lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels were analyzed. The feasibility of retained ARM lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels was also evaluated. Furthermore, the clinical significance of ARM was evaluated in terms of the reduction of the incidence of upper extremity lymphedema after breast cancer surgery.

The overexpression of proto-oncogene protein c-pim-1 (Pim-1) in tumor tissue is related to the stage and prognosis.Recent studies indicate that Pim-1 plays a critical role in the proliferation and apoptosis of cells and the metastasis of tumor.Pim-1 acts as an essential factor in several signaling pathways and its expression and activation are regulated by many factors as well as affects others widely.As an influential factor in the occurrence and development of tumor,Pim-1 has been a potential target in oncotherapy.

Cartilage antuumor component (CATC) was isolated from a 1 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride extract of bovine cartilage by acetone fractioned precipitation and superfiltration. Using human skin fibroblasts as a normal control, it was demonstrated that CATC inhibited the DNA synthesis of Hela, QGY7703 tumor cell lines and bovine artery endothelial cells, but accelerated the normal cells, when the concentration was below 1250 ?g/ml. At the concentration of 5 000 ?g/ml, CATC inhibited the two cell lines. With human tumor stem cell assay, CATC inhibited the stem cell growth of Hela and QGY7703 cell lines. These suggest that CATC has the effects of inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor cells.