OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the possibility of detecting the chemicals illegally mixed in the vegetable drugs by ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV).METHODS:The theoretical spectral absorption of Decoction of four drugs and Rhei and Aconiti praeparatae decoction were respectively defined as the weighted average of the spectral data of their respective prescription ingredients from ultraviolet scanning.Pearson's R values and the similarity between theoretical and actual spectra of the vegetable drugs were obtained with weighted correlation analysis(based on the correlation analysis,with larger weighted value around the peaks and valleys of UV absorption spectrum arranged).RESULTS:The similarity between theoretical and actual UV absorption spectra of the vegetable drugs was high with Pearson's R=0.98～0.999 5.CONCLUSION:The results show that UV absorption spectra of vegetable drugs can be exactly predicted by their prescription ingredients.It is possible to use the similarity between theoretical and actual spectra of vegetable drug to detect the chemicals illegally mixed because in such case it might lead to UV spectra change.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of cephalosporins antibiotics on cost and length of hospital stay in pa-tients underwent gallbladder calculus resection,and to provide reference for drug use in clinic. METHODS:A total of 1866 patients underwent gallbladder calculus resection were collected from 9 third grade class A hospitals in Guangxi during 2013-2014. SPSS 22.0 software was adopted to analyze cost and length of hospital stay in patients underwent gallbladder calculus resection. RESULTS:Multi-factor analysis showed that the factors which significantly affected the cost and length of hospital stay were antibiotics,hospi-tals,age,surgery types and disease species (all P<0.01). The antibiotics were divided into the subset 1-4 according to the cost of hospital stay:the subset 1 only contained cefuroxime(9454 yuan);the subset 2 contained noncephalosporins(16199 yuan)and ce-fazolin pentahydrate(17241 yuan);the subset 3 contained ceftazidime(20716 yuan),other cephalosporins(21046 yuan)and cefo-taxime sulbactam(22724 yuan);subset 4 contained cefotaxime sulbactam(22724 yuan),cefoperazone sulbactam(23688 yuan), cefoxitin(24685 yuan)and cefodizime(24698 yuan). The antibiotics were also divided into the subset 1-4 according to the length of hospital stay:the subset 1 only contained noncephalosporins (7.61 d);the subset 2 contained cefuroxime (8.94 d) and cefazolin pentahydrate(9.78 d);the subset 3 contained cefoxitin(13.39 d),cefodizime(13.44 d),other cephalosporins(14.32 d)and ceftazi-dime(14.60 d);the subset 4 included cefoperazone sulbactam(16.03 d)and cefotaxime sulbactam(16.91 d). The higher the subset numbers,the higher the cost of hospital stay or the longer the length of hospital stay;there were statistical differences among differ-ent subsets (P<0.05),while there was no statistical difference among the same subsets (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Cephalospo-rins antibiotics can significantly influence the cost and length of hospital stay in patients underwent gallbladder calculus resec-tion. Antibiotics selection canbe considered comprehensively ac-cording to local medical resources and the patients'demands.

Forensic entom otoxicology is a branch of forensic m edicine, w hich applies entom ology, toxicology and other related studies to solve the poisoning cases. It has an obvious advantage in the investigation on poisoning death. B ased on the expounding definition and research of entom otoxicology, this paper review s research progress and application value in som e aspects of forensic m edicine, such as the effects of drugs/toxins on the growth and developm ent of sarcosaphagous insects and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the drugs/toxins in the poisoned body tissue.

Objective To find the safe vertical displacement for minimal infusion rate change of syringe pumps as the theoretical guidance for moving pumps. Methods The infusion volume within 1 minute after none and vertically moving 15, 25, 35, 50 cm of the pumps (microinfusion pump WZ-50C、WZ-50C2、BRAUN perfusor compact) at 10 ml/min were weighted and compared by the electronic balance. Results Significant differences of the infusion rate were detected. The difference of average infusion volume within 1 minute after vertically moving 15, 25, 35, 50 cm and non-movement were 0.004 (minimal),0.017, 0.033, 0.046ml. The lowest infusion curve of 15cm displacement stretches slightly above the horizontal plane until the inflexion in the section graph, leading to steeper in accordance with the increasing vertical displacement of the pumps,which implied the following drastic increase in infusion rate. Conclusions The minimal infusion change is obtained at 15cm, thus becomes the safe displacement height and the inflexion point of further soaring changes.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with non-specific sequential immunotherapy (IM) for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and analyze the factors affecting prognosis of patients after RFA.Methods The prosepctive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 72 early HCC patients who were admitted to the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2009 to October 2015 were collected.Patients were divided into 3 groups by random number table:patients in group A underwent single RFA therapy;patients in group B underwent RFA + non-specific sequential IM (1-3 times);patients in group C underwent RFA + non-specific sequential IM (≥ 4 times).RFA was performed by the same doctors team,and non-specific sequential IM planning included thymalfasin + interleukin-2 (IL-2).Observation indicators:(1) treatment situations;(2) follow-up and survival;(3) analysis of prognostic factors after RFA.Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed to detect tumor recurrence and overall survival up to December 2015.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x) ± s,and comparison among groups were evaluated with the ANOVA.Comparison of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.The curve,rate and time of tumor recurrence after treatment,overall survival curve and time were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were respectively done using the COX proportional hazard regression model.Results Seventy-two patients were screened for eligibility,including 31 in group A,22 in group B and 19 in group C.(1) Treatment situations:patients in 3 groups underwent RFA,and contrast enhanced ultrasound showed complete tumors ablation at 5 days postoperatively.Patients in group B and C didn't have significant adverse reactions after RFA during IM therapy.(2) Follow-up and survival:72 patients were followed up for 2-66 months after treatment,with a median time of 34 months.The 1-year tumor recurrence rates after treatment in group A,B and C were respectively 19.4％,13.6％ and 10.5％,with no statistically significant difference (x2=0.714,P＞0.05).The median tumor recurrence times in group A,B and C were respectively 24.0 months,30.0 months and 33.0 months,with no statistically significant difference (x2 =3.283,P＞0.05).The median overall survival times in group A,B and C were respectively 46.0 months,56.0 months and 57.0 months,with a statistically significant difference (x2=7.079,P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences between group A and group B and C (x2 =4.566,4.243,P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference between group B and group C (x2 =0.078,P＞0.05).(3) Analysis of prognostic factors after RFA:results of univariate analysis showed that initial tumor,tumor number,Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC)staging and sequential IM after RFA were related factors affecting prognosis of early HCC patients [hazard ratio (HR)=2.636,2.530,0.145,0.582,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.218-5.703,1.110-5.767,0.041-0.517,0.321-0.867,P＜0.05].Results of multivariate analysis showed that tumor number ＞ 1,staging B of BCLC and without sequential IM after RFA were independent risk factors affecting prognosis of early HCC patients (HR=2.376,2.683,0.567,95％CI:1.080-5.229,1.530-21.112,0.335-0.962,P＜0.05).Conclusions The non-specific sequential IM of thymalfasin + IL-2 can prolong survival time of early HCC patients after RFA.Tumor number ＞ 1,staging B of BCLC and without sequential IM after RFA are independent risk factors affecting prognosis of early HCC patients.