Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Berberine hydrochloride alone or combined with antibiotics on the formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm and the expressions of relative genes in order to explore a new way to treat the infection induced by the bacteria.Methods Biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis was constructed in vitro first,and then Berberine hydrochloride alone or combined with norvancomycin,ciprofloxacin or erythromycin was used to affect the biofilm formation.Then the inhibition was detected by CRA,and the expressions of icaA and agr by the way of fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR.Results The effectiveness of Berberine hydrochloride on the expressions of icaA and agr in Staphylococcus epidermidis was not as better as the other antibiotics.When different-dosed berberine hydrochloride was combined with norvancomycin,ciprofloxacin or erythromycin to affect the biofilm,the inhibition on the expressions of icaA and agr showed a negatively dose-dependent fashion.Conclusion Berberine hydrochloride can inhibit the formation of the biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidisthrough suppressing the relative genes,though not as good as the antibiotics,such as norvancomycin,ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.It should not be combined with these antibiotics because the effectiveness is antagonism.

Objective: To explore the relationship between expression of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and electrophysiological heterogeneity in isolated heart tissues and isolated rat ventricular myocytes.The arrhythmogenic mechanisms of TNF-αwere further studied.Methods:Langendorff perfused heart tissues models were used to verify the arrhythmogenic effects of TNF-α.The monophasic action potentials( MAPs) of the endocardium and epicardium from the isolated heart tissues were recorded by elec-trophysiological experiments.The isolated rat ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation.K+currents(Ito,IK1)were recorded by using whole cell patch clamp technique.Results: Compared to the control group, the difference in MAPD between endocardium and epicardium dramatically increased with TNF-α( P<0.05 ) .TNF-αcould cause MAP duration ( MAPD ) prolongation, and a single dose of TNF-αdifferentially affected the MAPs of endocardium and epicardium of isolated heart tissues.Compared to the control group,the K+currents(Ito,IK1)were dose-dependently decreased with TNF-αin rat ventricular myocytes(P<0.05).However, etanercept had no effects on the MAPD in the absence of TNF-α.Conclusion:TNF-α-induced heterogeneity of MAPD between the endo-cardium and epicardium may provide the substrate for the onset of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial infarction.The effect might be associated with TNF-αcontribute to re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias which resulted from decreased K+currents(Ito,IK1).

Objective To investigate the relatonahip between TNF-α and ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and its mechanism.Method Both the clinical and animal experiments were done.(1)Clinical experiment:Eighty patients with AMI were included in Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Techology,from May 2005 to November 2006 according to the WHO diagnostic criteria.Co-infection of diseases such as severe upper respiratory infection,lung infection,high fever,cancer,et al were excluded.The relationship between the levels of TNF-α and arrhythmias were observed at different times after AMI.A straight line correlation,analysis Was done.(2)Animal experiment:Different concentrations of TNF-αwere added to isohted rat hearts for observing the arrhythrnia effects.The effect of TNF-α on intracellular Ca2+ concentration was detected by laser confocal technique.All data were analyzed by SNK-q test using SPSS 13.0 sofeware prograrn.Results(1)The plasma levels of TNF-α were significantly associated with the Lown class of PVC after AMI and they were higher in AMI of anterior wall[(46.41±10.34)pg/ml]than other positions [(28.25±6.35)pg/ml,P<0.05].2)The frequency of ventricular arrhythmias was interrelated with the concentralions of TNF-α.Using etanercept beforehand,TNF-α induced a slight increase of intracellular Ca2+ intensity (P<0.05).Conclusions There was a relationship between TNF-αlevels and ventricular arrhythmisa in patients with AMI.Animal experiments confirmed the isolated heart perfusion with TNF-α induced ventricular arrhytrnias.Expression of TNF-α after AMI was related with the occurrence of ventricular arrhythrnias.The effect might be associated with the increased inuaeellular Ca2+ intensity caused by TNF-α.

Objective To explore the clinical outcomes of the percutaneous radiofrequency nucleoplasty in the treatment of cervical disc herniation.Methods 183 patients with cervical disc herniation were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency nucleoplasty.A retrospective analysis of 183 patients was made,and their effects were evaluated using the VAS and the subjective satisfactory degree of the patients.Results All cases were followed up for 3 to 36 months( average 12 months).There were no complications observed such as hemorrhages,infections and nerve root injurys due to the procedure.One week after operation,symptom remission rate was 58.4％ and perfect rate of subjective satisfaction was 95.1％.At final follow up,symptom remission' rate was 66.1％ and perfect rate of subjective satisfaction was 85.8％.Conclusion Percutaneous radiofrequency nucleoplasty was an effective,minimally invasive and safe procedure to treat cervical disc herniation,and the operative treatment had shown better results.

Objective To explore the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on ventricular arrhythmias resulted from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats. Method Two hundred and forty male Wistar rats were randomized (random number) into sham operation group, AMI group and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (rhTNFR) fusion protein (Fc) group. Acute anterior wall myocardial infarction was produced in rats of AMI group with ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) , and the rats were just operated without ligation of LAD in sham group. The rats of Fc group were treated with rhTNFR-Fc (10 mg/kg), a TNF-α antagonist, 24 hours before LAD ligation. The original ECG was recorded 10 min before ligation and the ECGs of ventricular arrhythmias occurred spontaneously or induced by programmed electrical stimulation were recorded 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 60 min, 3 h, 6 h and 12 hours after ligation. The protein levels and mRNA expressions of TNF-α in rats in different groups were detected with histochemistry and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results The expressions of TNF-α mRNA and levels of TNF-α protein markedly increased 10 min after infarction, reached the climax 20-30 min later, and then gradually returned to the original level in AMI group and Fc group. The time-windows of spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias were consistent with the time-window of expressions of TNF-α mRNA and levels of TNF-α protein. Compared with AMI group, there were lower levels of TNF-α protein and lower incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in Fc group ( P < 0.05) , but there was no significant difference in TNF-α mRNA between two groups. There was no obvious change in TNF-α in rats of sham operation group. Conclusions The expressions of TNF-α mRNA and levels of TNF-α protein induced by AMI could contribute the initiation of ventricular arrhythmias.

Objective To observe the analgesia effect of oxycodone hydrochloride injection successive subtraction method background infusion on postoperative analgesia in patients of lobectomy under thoracoscope.Methods Ninety lobectomy under thoracoscope patients, using the random number table method patients were randomly divided into three groups:sufentanil group (group S), the constant speed oxycodone infusion group (Q1) and the decreasing background infusion oxycodone group (Q2), 30 cases in each group. On the time of 10 minutes before the end of surgery, S group was given sufentanil 0.10 μg/kg, Q1 and Q2 group was given oxycodone 0.10 mg/kg, each patient was given intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCIA), the group of S set electronic pump sufentanil 2.00 μg/kg (100 ml), background infusion was 0.03 μg/(kg·h), PCA dose was 0.015 μg/kg; The group of Q1 was oxycodone 1.00 mg/kg (100 ml), background dose of 15.00 μg/(kg·h), PCA dose of 15.0 μg/kg; The group of Q2 also was oxycodone 1.00 mg/kg (100 ml), on the first 12 h after operation, the background infusion was 15.00 μg/(kg·h), every 12 h later, the background infusion decreased by 20%, PCA dose was 15.00 μg/kg, all of the pump locking time was 10 minutes, lock 4 times per hour. Recorded the number of hemodynamic on the end of operation, immediate extubation and extubation after 5 minutes. On the time of postoperative 2 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, recorded the scores of NRS?, NRS (M), Ramsay. Recorded the times of PCA compression,times of medicaments remedies,the amount of drug use, adverse reactions such as respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, itching and satisfaction of patients to postoperative analgesia.Results The MAP and HR of three groups of patients were increased in the time of tube drawing (P < 0.05), there was no significantly difference in MAP and HR among the three groups at the end of operation, immediate extubation and after 5 minutes of extubation (P > 0.05). The score of NRS ? in the groups of Q1 and Q2 was lower than group S at the time of (T3~5) (P < 0.05), the score of NRS (M) in the groups of Q1 and Q2 was lower than group S at the time of (T3~6) also. The Ramsay score of Q1 and Q2 group was higher than the group S in the point (T3~7). Which the times of PCA and remedial drug use, sleep disturbed times in the first day and second day of group Q1 and Q2 was lower than the group S (P < 0.05). The volume of drug use at 48 h in the group of Q2 was lower than the group Q1 and S (P < 0.05). Postoperative nausea and vomiting of group Q2 was lowered than group S (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of Patients to postoperative analgesia in the group Q2 and Q1 was higher than group S (P < 0.05).Conclusion Lobectomy under thoracoscope patients with postoperative application of successive subtraction method background infusion oxycodone can obtain satisfactory analgesia effect with a smooth anesthesia recovery period, satisfied analgesic effect, reduce the dosage of drugs and reduce the adverse reaction.

To study the effects of ouabain on the inner ear glial cells, and to lay the foundation for the study of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.Methods Sixty adult female SPF grade CBA / J mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 mice in each group.Animals in the experimental group received 3mM ouabain via the round window membrane, while mice in control group received normal saline.The mice were sacrificed at 7 days, 14 days and 30 days after the administration,respectively.Immunofluorescence histochemical staining was used to detect the inner ear glial cells in spiral ganglion.Results Some inner ear glial cells survived in the spiral ganglion of the experimental group, while with decreased numbers and disorganized structure compared to those of in the control group.Comparing to those of in the control group, the number and density of inner ear glial cells in the experimental group were significantly decreased from 7 days afterouabain administration,further decreased at 14 days and reduced to the lowest at 30 days after ouabain administration, the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Among the experimental group, the number of inner ear glial cells at 30 days was significantly decreased when compared to those of at 7 days and 14 days, respectively.Conclusion Application of ouabain to mouse inner ear via the round window membrane leads to an acute and progressive direct damage to the inner ear glial cells in the spiral ganglion.

AIM:To study the influence of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) on ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in THP-1 derived foam cells.The variance of the expression of ABCA1,the content and the effluent rate of cholesterol were also investigated.METHODS: The regulatory effect of AngⅡ on the expression of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in THP-1 derived form cells were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting.The effect of variance of cholesterol content was measured by zymochemistry via-fluorospectrophotometer,cholesterol effluent was measured by liquid scintillator.RESULTS: A positive facilitative effect of Ang Ⅱon form cells was observed.Total cholesterol content were increased significantly by Ang Ⅱ treatment(P

Summary: In order to study the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the myocardium of MCMV myocarditis and their role in the myocardial damages, 60 BALB/C mice of 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: 36 were injected intraperitoneally with MCMV and 24 served as control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the myocardium, and myocardial lesions were observed histopathologically. Histopathological study on the myocardium from infected mice revealed focal or diffuse lesions characterized by inflammatory cells and degeneration or necrosis of myocytes. The myocardial lesion score showed the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was slight in MCMV myocarditis.The positive staining signals for IL-1β and TNF-α proteins which mainly located in the infiltrating inflammatory cells and degenerative or necrotic myocytes were markedly detectable whereas there were no positive findings in the myocardium of control mice. IL-1β and TNF-α was expressed in the myocardium of viral myocarditis murine model induced by MCMV. IL-1β and TNF-α may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.

Objective To discuss the efficiency of fibrin glue amikacin complex in controlling infection by observing the changes of leukocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte classifying counts after fibrin glue amikacin complex treated deep wound. Methods Clinical case-control study was used in the study. All patients were divided randomly into test group (100 patients) and control group (100 pa-tients), matched by wound location, wound size, time from injury to operation, combined injury and gen-eral antibiotics use to compare leukocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte classifying counts between both groups and observe possible toxic and side-effect in test group. Results Firstly, the test group and control group had the comparability in aspects of gender distribution, average age and injury mechanism (P >0.05). Secondly, there was statistical difference in classifying counts of leukocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte in the test group at different time points (P <0.05). The classifying counts of leukocyte and neutrophilic granalocyte peaked at 24 hours after operation, then decreased with treatment time and reached the lowest at 24 days after surgery or at day 1 before discharge. Thirdly, there existed statistical significance upon leukocyte counts in the test group and control group except for at day 1 after operation (P > 0.05), with lower counts in test group than control group. In aspect of neutrophil classifying counts, there was statistical significance (P < 0.05) at other time points in beth groups except for time points at days 1,2 and 12 (P >0.05). The test group had lower neutrophil classifying counts compared with con-trol group at different time points. Conclusion The fibrin glue amikacin complex has good clinical effort and high security, with no toxic or side effort in treatment of deep wound infection, and is worth clinical applicaiton.