Objective To investigate the effect of nifedipine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) in rats and the possible mechanism. Methods Forty-two male SD rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 14 animals in each group: sham operation group (group S); I/R group and I/R + nifedipine group (group N). The renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral renal arteries and veins for 45 min followed by reperfusion. In group S the renal arteries and veins were only exposed but not occluded. In group N, nifedipine 0.1 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein 15 min before ischemia and 15 min before reperfusion, while the equal volume of solvent was given in group I/R. The urine was collected to detect the N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (NAG) activities at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. Arterial blood samples were taken at 6 and 24 h reperfusion for determination of concentrations of serum creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO. The rats were then sacrificed and the kidney was removed to detect the apoptotic cells in renal cortex and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and endothelin- 1 (ET-1). Results The concentrations of serum Cr and MDA, NAG activity, expression of HSP70 and ET-1 and apoptosis rate were significantly increased in group I/R compared with group S (P ＜0.05). The concentrations of serum Cr and MDA, NAG activity, ET-1 expression and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased, while the serum NO concentration was significantly increased in group N compared with group I/R (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Nifedipine can attenuate renal I/R injury and the underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ET-1 expression.

The article discusses the experiences of five-year minority medical students in internal medicine practice teaching.The content includes cultivating studnts’ ability of clinic thought,the application of casuistics methods,PBL method,combination of teaching and clinic,me-dia mix’s application,improving students’communication ability,adjusting teaching method in time,and so on.The purpose is to improve the effect of minority medical students in internal medicine practice teaching.

Flashing light effect on microalgae could significantly improve the light efficiency and biomass productivity of microalgae. In this paper, the baffles were introduced into the traditional flat plate photobioreactor so as to enhance the flashing light effect of microalgae. Making Chlorella sp. as the model microalgae, the effect of light intensity and inlet velocity on the biomass concentration of Chlorella sp. and light efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that, when the inlet velocity was 0.16 m/s, with the increase of light intensity, the cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. increased and light efficiency decreased. With increasing the inlet velocity, the cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. and light efficiency both increased under the condition of 500 μmol/(m2 x s) light intensity. The cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. cultivated in the novel flat plate photobioreactor was 39.23% higher than that of the traditional one, which showed that the flashing light effect of microalgae could be improved in the flat plate photobioreactor with inclined baffles built-in.
Biomass ; Chlorella ; growth & development ; Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Light ; Microalgae ; growth & development ; Photobioreactors

Objective: To study the protective effect of enteral nutrition with Salvia miltiorrhiza on injuries multiple organs in rabbits. Method: Forty-four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: Normal control group (N) 8 rabbits, Endotoxin group (LPS), Enteral nutrition group (LPS+EN) and Enteral nutrition with Salvia miltiorrhiza group (LPS+DS),each 12 rabbits. Three days before given endotoxin, LPS+DS group was fed enteral nutrition fluid with Sallvia miltiorrhiza 80 ml/kg bw (15g salvia per 100 ml fluid) and LPS+ EN group was fed enteral nutrition only.N group was fed the same quantity of normal saline. At the end of 10 d, the rabbits were killed and serum SOD, MDA, endotoxin and intestinal mucus SIgA contents were determined. Small intestine, liver, lung, kidney and heart were taken for pathological examination. Results: Serum MDA of LPS+DS group was much lower than LPS group, endotoxin level also lower , but intestinal SIgA content higher LPS group . The pathological examination showed that the intestinal villi were shortend, injured , and necrotic in LPS group; liver was hemorrhagic at portal area with cytoplasmic vacuolization, lung and kidney were also injuried pathologically. These pathological features were comparatively mild in LPS+EN group and much better in LPS+ DS group. Conclusion: Enteral nutrition with Salvia miltiorrhiza may reduce the oxidative damages of multiple organs induced by endotoxin as shown by increased SIgA of small intestine, maintenance of intestinal mucosa integrity and alleviation of pathological changes of multiply organs in rabbits.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of a raltegravir (RAL)-containing regimen among patients on methadone maintenance therapy.Methods From January 2010 to November 2010, 30 virus (HIV) treatment naive patients who were on methadone maintenance therapy were enrolled from a HIV clinic in Kunming, Yunnan Province and a HIV clinic in Hengyang, Hunan Province.All patients were given RAL, tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT).Patients were followed up for 48 weeks to evaluate the adjustment of methadone dose, opiate withdrawal reaction, antiretroviral efficacy and safety.Results From January 2010 to November 2010, 30 HIV patients were enrolled from the two appointed HIV clinics.The mean age was 39±6 years, with 73.3% male patients and 97% Han population.Before the treatment, their mean CD4+T lymphocyte counts was 210 /μL.Ninety percent of patients were co-infected with hepatitis C.Twenty-nine patients who completed study follow-up were included in final analysis.Five (17.8%) patients reported opiate withdrawal symptoms and increased methadone dose 4 weeks after HARRT.At 24 weeks and 48 weeks of HARRT, the average increase of CD4+T lymphocyte counts were (136±71) /μL and (185±88)/μL, respectively.Among patients who provided valid HIV-1 RNA testing results, 82.6% (19/23) and 95.8% (23/24) of patients had undetectable viral load at week 24 and week 48.Six grade 1-2 adverse events were reported in 4 patients.Conclusions In this pilot study, the new regimen containing RAL, TDF and 3TC appears to be an ideal option for patients on methadone maintenance therapy, because of its limited impact on methadone dose and good efficacy and safety profile.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of endobronchial ultrasoundguided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in elderly patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.Methods From August,2013 and July,2014,31 patients aged 65 years and over with space-occupying mass and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes detected by CT or positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) underwent EBUS-TBNA.Rapid onsite cytology evaluation was not performed.Results There were 26 males and 5 females in this study,aged 65-77 years (70.1 years old on average).In 31 patients,70 samples were obtained from lymph nodes (LNs) and 4 samples were obtained from intrapulmonary lesions.29 cases were diagnosed as lung cancer,and 2 cases had false-negative diagnoses.The sensitivity and specificity rates of EBUS-guided TBNA method were 93.6％ and 100.0％,respectively.No major complications were observed in this series.Conclusions EBUS-TBNA is an safe and effective method in diagnosing bronchogenic carcinoma in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ischemia preconditioning(IPC)on apoptosis in-duced by renal ischemia - reperfusion(IR)and relations to the changing expressions of Bcl - 2,Bax in rat kidney. Methods Ischemia models were induced by clipping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min by using the artery clamp;IPC group was induced by clipping bilateral renal pedicles for 15 min,4 days later IR was performed again by clipping bila-teral renal pedicle for 30 min. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 animals in each group:control group(C group),sham - operation group(S group),IR group,IPC group(IPC ﹢ IR group),sham IPC group(S ﹢ IR group),all groups were randomly divided into 9 sub groups(0 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,3 d,5 d,7 d)except C group according to the time points after reperfusion. Occurrence of apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl transferase media-ted dUTP nick end and labeling(TUNEL)method;the mRNA expression and protein levels of Bax and Bcl - 2 were de-tected by reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction and quantitave immunohistochemisty. Results (1)Com-pared with S group and S ﹢ IR group,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,kidney pathological damage scores in IR group gradually increased after IR,and peak point was 24 h after reperfusion;among all the subgroups there was a sig-nificant difference(all P ﹤ 0. 01). The expression of Bax,Bcl - 2 mRNA raised sharply in IR group after reperfusion, peaking at 6 h,24 h of reperfusion respectively,2. 66 ± 0. 12,2. 70 ± 0. 10,and among all the subgroups there was a sig-nificant difference(all P ﹤ 0. 01);the expression of Bax,Bcl - 2 protein had significant difference(all P ﹤ 0. 05). TUNEL immunofluorescence staining showed C group and S group had no obvious apoptosis cells in renal tubular epi-thelium;epithelial cell apoptosis after IR gradually increased in IR group,peaking at 24 h of reperfusion[(25. 07 ± 2. 29)% ].(2)Compared with IR group and S ﹢ IR group,pathological injury was significantly decreased in IPC ﹢ IR group;the expression of Bax,Bcl - 2 mRNA and protein,apoptosis cells were significantly decreased in IPC ﹢ IR group (all P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions Bax,Bcl - 2 are closely associated with kidney injury induced by IR. IPC may regulate acute kidney injuries by regulating Bax/ Bcl - 2.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of microRNA - 21(miR - 21)in acute kidney injury mice model at the different time points following ischemic/ reperfusion. Methods C57BL/ 6J mice were divided into 3 major groups:the control group(C group),sham operation group(S group)and ischemia - reperfusion group(IR group). Later 2 groups were divided into 9 sub - groups respectively according to the time following reperfu-sion. Automatic biochemical analyzer detected serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)level. HE staining detected renal pathological damage. Renal tubulointerstitial pathological score accessed pathological damage. Real time - PCR tested the expression of miR - 21 and mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase 3(MKK3)mRNA in renal respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining tested expression of MKK3. Results IR group's Scr,BUN levels gradually increased following reperfusion,24 h reached its peak,then gradually declined. The Scr,BUN level had statistically sig-nificant difference between IR group and S group at the same time subgroup from 3 h to 168 h following reperfusion(all P ﹤ 0. 01). The change of kidney damage and pathological changes of interstitial and tubular injury score consensus with renal function. miR - 21 increased gradually in renal ischemia after reperfusion,24 h peaked and then stabilized at this high level. miR - 21 was positively correlated with pathological tubulointerstitial injury from 0 h to 168 h after reperfu-sion(r = 0. 969,P ﹤ 0. 05). IR group's MKK3 mRNA and protein expression rose sharply following ischemia/ reperfu-sion,24 h peaked,and then gradually decreased. From 3 h to 168 h,the expression of MKK3 mRNA and proteins had significant difference at each same time points subgroups between IR group and S group(all P ﹤ 0. 01). Conclusions miR - 21 increases gradually in renal ischemia after reperfusion,24 h peaked and then stabilized at this high level. miR - 21 is positively correlated with pathological tubulointerstitial injury,which may be associated with the negative regulated relationship between miR - 21 and MKK3.

Objective To evaluate the value of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in the quantitative assessment of the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and the value of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Totally 74 NRDS cases and 30 normal neonates were studied.LUS was compared with X-ray examination,clinical data,ventilator assisted ventilation and ventilator parameters.ROC curve was used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of LUS to predict the severity of NRDS and application of invasive ventilator treatment.Results The main findings of the lung ultrasound in NRDS included diffuse distribution of dense B line,disappeared A line,pleural line abnormalities,decreased pulmonary slip sign and pulmonary consolidation.LUS in patients with NRDS was significantly correlated with X ray grades,clinical grades,assisted ventilation mode grades,number of days on ventilator and ventilator parameters (all P＜0.05).LUS value to predict mild,moderate and severe NRDS were 13.0,22.5,and 29.5,respectively.The best cutoff point for LUS to predict the adoptation of invasive assisted ventilation was 22.5,which had sensitivity of 86.0 ％ and specificity of 64.5 ％.Conclusion LUS can be used to diagnose and evaluate the severity of the desease,and to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum-VEGF(sVEGF)and clinical features in children and adolescent patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) and acute lymphoblagtic leukemia(ALL).Methods The sVEGF in 101 of pretreated NHL and ALL patients were detected by enzymelinked inununosorbent assay(ELISA).The sVEGF prior and post-treatment were compared in 61 patients who achieved complete remission(CR).Results The median sVEGF was 567.70 ng/L in 81 prior-treated NHL patients.It was significantly higher than that in normal controls(P＜0.001).The median sVEGF wag 253.90 ng/L in 49 patients with CR,which was significantly different compared to pretherapeutic level(P＜0.001),whereag no statistical difference was observed compared to the normal controls. No relationships were found between sVEGF and clinical indexes such as clinical stage,Bsymptoms,gender,performance status(PS)score,bulk and serum lactate dehydrogenage (LDH)et al in untreated NHL patients.The median sVEGF was 198.60 ng/L in 20 untreated ALL patients.which wag no statistically different in comparison with that of normal controls.And the median sVEGF wag 181.73 ng/L in 12 of the CR ALL patients.which wag not statistically different in comparison with that in prior-treatment group or normal controls.Conclusion This study showed that the sVEGF in untreated children and adoleseent patients with NHL were higher than that of normal controls.The high sVEGF dmpped after achieving CR.There was no relationship between the level of sVEGF and clinical characteristics in the NHL patients.The sVEGF level in untreated ALL patients wag not difierent compared to that of the normal controls.and there was no change for sVEGF after chemotherapy in ALL patients.