Objective To analyze the clinical prevalence,distributed characteristic of different ages,clinical characteristics and pathogenic factors of chronic abdominal pain in children.Methods A database in which outpa-tient and inpatient of abdominal pain during 2 -14 years old were collected from January 2011 to December 2015 was established by utilizing HIS system.A statistical analysis was made in age,sex,onset time,time of duration,mesenteric lymph node status and surgical situation.Results A total of 13 256 times abdominalgia were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2015.7 390 patients were diagnosed as unexplained abdominal pain,including 1 005 patients (13.59%)were diagnosed as chronic abdominal pain.A male -to -female ratio was 1.06:1.The average age was 6 years(ranged 2 -14 years).The average age of the boys was (6.02 ±2.87)years,which of the girls was (5.93 ± 2.79)years,there was no statistically significant difference between them(t =0.47,P =0.63).The peak age of chro-nic abdominal pain in children was mainly from 3 to 7 years old.The incidence decreased with age increased.The average time of duration was (16.70 ±11.69)months,that of the boys was (17.39 ±12.12)months,and that of the girls was (15.96 ±11.19)months,there was statistically significant difference between them(t =1.93,P =0.05). Mesenteric lymphadenectasis was detected in 731 patients(72.74%).The age constituent ratio decreased with age increased.The peak age of the prevalence coincided with peak age of the mesenteric lymphadenectasis.21 patients underwent surgical procedures,organic lesions accounted for 2.08%.Conclusion The peak age of the prevalence of chronic abdominal pain in children is mainly from 3 to 7 years old.Potential organic causes are rarely linked to chronic abdominal pain in children.Most of them are functional abdominal pain.The appendix and mesenteric lymphadenecta-sis might play an important role in children with chronic abdominal pain.The therapeutic aim of CAP in children is to make the children back to their normal life by exclude the organic causes and relieve their pain.The natural history of chronic abdominal pain suggests that symptoms remit spontaneously with increasing age.

Objective　To observe the characteristics and rules of craniocerebral injury resulting from a high explosive shell to provide the bases for treating explosive injury. Methods　A total of 36 sheep were distributed at the distance 6 to 48 m away from the explosive center and the shell was exploded electrically at 7 m above the earth. At the same time, the velocity of fragments and shock wave pressure were determined. Gross and pathological observations were performed after injury. Results　Among all sheep with fragment injury, craniocerebral injury was 32%. Their immediate death rate was 75% and all died 6 h later. The incidence rates of penetrating wound and blind wound were 75% and 25% respectively. Pollution of wound track was heavy. The percentage of head lost was 50% in sheep and 50% of injured animal suffered from comminuted fracture of skull base. Bleeding was found extensively on the surface of the cerebrum, even medulla oblongata was involved. Hemorrhage, edema, rupture of small blood vessels and degeneration of neuron were found at the regions 4 cm away from the wound tract with light microscopy. Combined blast injury was found and occurred most often in the abdomen and limbs, both accounting for 62.5%, and combined thoracic injury was the third, up to 50%. All the animals of craniocerebral injury combined with lung blast injury. Conclusion　High explosive shells destroy cranium badly and extensively. Many skulls are lost and the cranial base is readily fractured. The wound track is heavily polluted. Combined injury is more often occurred.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to describe the current status of oncology nurses' behaviors toward end of life (EOL) care in China and to explore the factors associated with oncology nurses’ behaviors toward EOL care. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied and a convenience sample of 1038 oncology nurses from 22 grade A hospitals were recruited into this study. A general social demographic data questionnaire was administered, and the Chinese version of Nurses’ Behaviors of Caring for Dying Patients Scale was used to assess nurse behavior toward EOL care. The total score ranges from 40 to 200 points. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 software. Results: Chinese oncology nurses' average score of holistic EOL care behaviors was 2.97 ± 0.59. Oncology nurses provide physical care most (3.81 ± 0.76), followed by family care (3.02 ± 0.86), and spiritual care (2.37 ± 0.67). Multiple regression analysis showed that a higher frequency of sharing EOL care experience with colleagues, in-service palliative care education, higher level of head nurse support for EOL patient care, more cases of EOL care, higher working position, and nurse's perceived high level of support were positively associated with behavior toward EOL care. These six factors explained 16.2% of the total variance. Conclusions The results may help provide a basis for converting behavior for EOL care among oncology nurses and design interventions to better improve quality of life for EOL patients with cancer in China.