Objective To optimize the solvent extraction of Rhubarbs. Methods With different concentrations of alcohol as the solvent, the amount of solvent, the extracting time and the extracting frequencies were assayed by orthogonal test to detect their influences on the extraction rate of rhubarb anthraquinone. And the extracts were analyzed and their pharmacodymamic effects were studied. Results Indicated by the content of total anthraquinones, the best conditions was: reflux extraction with 5- fold 50 % alcohol for 3 times, 0.5 h per time. The purgative activity of the extracts was stronger than that in the positive control group. Conclusion Optimization of the extracting conditions can promote the purgative activity of the extracts. 

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a key regulator in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells.EMT of cancer,one of the reasons of drug resistance,enhances the infiltration and distant metastases ability of cancer cells.Recent researches show that Snail,Slug,Twist and Zeb play important roles in regulating EMT of cancer cells.Drugs and targeted therapies that inhibit NF-κB activities can reverse the EMT of cancer cells.NF-κB may become an effective therapeutic target in cancers in the future.

Objective:To explore the discrimination against the patients with mental disorders and current situation of awareness of mental health knowledge of medical postgraduates and their relationship.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 132 medical postgraduates in October 2016 using the assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders and mental health knowledge awareness questionnaire,which derived from mental health work indicators survey and evaluation program issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Health in 2010.Results:There was significant gender difference (P ＜0.01)in the overall score and the score of each dimension of assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders,and the score of mental health knowledge was (13.93-± 3.13).There was significant negative correlation between scores of assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders and mental health knowledge.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that awareness of mental health knowledge could predict the discrimination against the patients with mental disorders and all its factors.Conclusion:Awareness of mental health knowledge in medical post graduates can predict the discrimination against the patients with mental disorders.Medical universities should carry out corresponding education and publicity work with pertinence.

Objective To study the effect of breviscapine injection on cerebral blood perfusion in patients with hypoperfusion/decreased embolic clearance type cerebral infarction.Methods 100 patients with hypoperfusion/decreased embolic clearance type cerebral infarction in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups.Both group were treated with conventional western medicines, and the experimental group was additionally treated with breviscapine injection.The plasma D-dimer (D-D), fibrinogen (Fib), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and recovery of neurological function were compared between the two groups.Results D-D and Fib levels and NIHSS score in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P< 0.05), while the systolic blood pressure was significantly higher than that in the control group (P< 0.05).Conclusion Breviscapine injection can reduce the plasma D-D and Fib levels, increase cerebral vascular blood flow and improve the neurological function in patients with hypoperfusion/decreased embolic clearance type cerebral infarction.

Objective To study deletion mutations and polymorphism of PINK1 gene exons in patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD) in the littoral of Zhejiang Province,and analyze the association between these changes and the etiology of PD.MethodsAll exons of PINK1 gene in 200 PD patients( 112early-onset PD and 88 late-onset PD) and 220 controls (68 young controls and 152 old controls ) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the positive PCR products were sequenced,and genotypes were detected by dot blot allele and genotype frequencies of PINK1 were compared by the Chisquare test.ResultsNo deletion mutations of the exons were found in all patients and controls.However,a known heterozygote point mutation G12169A in exon 5 was identified in 2 patients with early-onset PD.And G12164A polymorphism and G12101A polymorphism were located on PINK1 gene of exon 5. There were G/G and G/A genotypes in G12164A polymorphism,no A/A genotype.There were G/A and A/A genotypes in G12101A polymorphism,no G/G genotype. The chain relation polymorphism A/A genotype frequency was significantly higher in the PD group 84/200 (42.0％ ) than the control group (52/220,23.6％,x2 =4.034,P =0.045 ).The frequency was also significantly higher in the late-onset PD (40/88,45.5％ ) than the old control (32/152,21.1％,x2 =3.951,P =0.047 ).There were no significant differences in alleles frequencies of other groups.ConclusionThe deletion mutation and point mutation are rare in PD patients in littoral of Zhejiang Province.Chain relation polymorphism at G12164A and G12101A in PINK1 gene might be a susceptible factor for PD patients.

No abstract available.
Comorbidity* ; Depression* ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome* ; Neuronal Plasticity*

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and analyze its associated factors. Methods The convenience sample method was used to choose 424 MHD patients from 7 hospitals.A set of questionnaires were used in this investigation,including demographic data form,Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),restless legs syndrome (RLS),social support rate scale (SSRS),subjective global assessment (SGA),family APGAR index (APGAR) and family burden scale of disease (FBS). Results PSQI score of 395 MHD patients (93.2％) was ≥5.APGAR and social support total points were negatively correlated with sleep quality (r=-0.133,P=0.006; r=-0.105,P=0.031).Family burden total point was positively correlated with sleep quality (r=0.215,P=0.000).Nutrition (F=46.123,P=0.000),restless legs syndrome (F=9.392,P=0.000) and sleep apnea syndrome (F=5.645,P=0.001) were closely associated with sleep index scores. Conclusions Incidence of poor sleep quality in MHD patients of our study is quite high.Sleep quality of MHD patients is correlated with lots of factors,such as family concern,social support.

Objective To study the prevalence and associated factors of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Methods A cross-section study was performed.A total of 639 eligible participants undergoing CAPD treatment more than three months in our peritoneal dialysis center from July 2011 to January 2012 were recruited in the study.All the patients were divided into SHPT group and non-SHPT group according to the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level,and the associated factors of SHPT were investigated through Logistic regression analysis.Results The prevalence of SHPT was 46.95％ (300/639).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lower hemoglobin,hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,higher alkaline phosphatase,higher Scr,higher nPCR and low calcium dialysate were independent influencing factors of SHPT.Conclusions The prevalence of SHPT is quite high in CAPD patients.Abnormal calcium-phosphorus metabolism,renal anemia,high protein diet and low calium dialysate may affect the SHPT.

Liuwei-Dihuang Pill is a famous medicine in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and it is important and interesting to explore its new clinical indications. This study is based on the data downloaded from the SinoMed by querying on term of Liuwei-Dihuang Pill. By applying the data slicing algo-rithm, we achieved outstanding symptoms associated with Liuwei-Dihuang Pill. Examining these symptoms, besides those which are widely known as common knowledge, some other potential symptoms are found. These potential symptoms are aphtha, (sexual) dysfunction, constipation, and heel pain which might be taken as new clinical indi-cations of Liuwei-Dihuang Pill.

Background:Enteroids are considered to be the best tool for studies on intestinal epithelium in vitro and have a widely application prospects,however,there are no associated reports in China. Aims:To establish and optimize the culture technique for enteroids and provide a fantastic platform for the basic research of small intestinal epithelial cells in China. Methods:L-WRN cells were cultured routinely and the conditioned medium with different concentrations of fetal bovine serum(FBS)was collected. Six to eight weeks old C57BL/ 6 mice were sacrificed and 15 cm small intestine from the terminal ileum was removed and cut longitudinally. Crypts were digested with EDTA and then collected and embedded in Matrigel? Matrix;after polymerization of Matrigel? Matrix,L-WRN conditioned medium at different concentration gradient was added. The budding ratio and length of buds were measured dynamically under microscope. The enteroids were re-embedded for subculture when certain length of buds was reached. Results:Compared with L-WRN conditioned medium containing 20% FBS,the conditioned medium containing 10% FBS was more favorable for enteroids culture in vitro. When conditioned medium accounted for 10% ,15% ,20% ,25% or 30% of the mixed medium,they all promoted the growth of enteroids and the 15% one seemed to yield better result. Conclusions:An enteroids culture technique was successfully established for the first time in China. When the L-WRN conditioned medium containing 10% FBS accounts for 15% of the mixed medium,it might promote budding better than the others.